Digital Architecture Research Articles

Architecture of the digital twin for the new safe confinement of the ChnPP

The paper presents the construction of a digital twin architecture for the New Safe Confinement (NSC) of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP), which was built to ensure the protection of people and the surrounding environment from nuclear and radioactive hazards and to provide the opportunity to remove radioactive materials and carry out other measures to transform the «Shelter» facility into an ecological safe system. The need for effective management of thermogasdynamic processes and assessment of the radiation state in the NSC under non-stationary weather conditions requires the availability of specialized information technologies. An analysis of the functionality and structure of the existing integrated management system of the NSC was carried out, and it was proposed to supplement its functionality with visualization and forecasting capabilities through the development of a digital twin, with the help of which it will be possible to effectively solve the tasks of monitoring and forecasting the state of the object and making management decisions, which in general will ensure physical nuclear safety of the facility and radiation safety of personnel. An overview of the main types of digital twins and available approaches to the construction of their architecture was performed, the choice of the architecture of the NSC digital twin was substantiated. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the NSC as a complex multi-level system, the main requirements for the digital twin were formed and its generalized structure was developed based on them. The proposed architecture of the digital twin is multi-level and built according to the modular principle, which allows it to be flexibly supplemented depending on needs. To develop the components of a digital twin, it is recommended to use a microservice architecture based on secure information transfer protocols. The results of the work can be used in the creation of the software for the digital twin of the ChNPP NSC.

Intelligent Awareness of Delay-Sensitive Internet Traffic in Digital Twin Network

The increasingly complex network architecture and numerous emerging network services make it difficult for traditional “best effort” consumer Internet to support current Production Internet/5G requirements for differentiated SLA commitments, low latency, and deterministic bandwidth. To solve various difficulties and challenges faced by the development of ultra-large-scale networks, the Digital Twin Network has become a research hotspot. In this paper, based on the traffic modeling problem involved in the digital twin layer of digital twin network architecture, we proposed an intelligent awareness method for delay-sensitive network traffic. Through the real-time awareness of delay-sensitive traffic, intelligent routing of network services is realized and meets the requirements of scenarios, such as high-value traffic assurance and intelligence traffic scheduling and grooming for network congestion. We experimentally confirmed the scheme by traffic data collected in realistic network environments, and it has an awareness accuracy of more than 90%.

Digital Mine architecture modeling language: Methodological approach to design in Industry 4.0

Digital Mine architecture modeling language: Methodological approach to design in Industry 4.0

СКЛАДЧАТЫЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ В АРХИТЕКТУРЕ

There is now a growing interest in the design and construction of shells whose median surfaces cannot be defined by analytic formulas, i.e. it is difficult to apply geometric modeling, and shell structures of the folded type formed by the intersection of flat or curvilinear elements. These structures are executed in the style of digital architecture or experimental methods. Based on the research of descriptive and analytical geometry, architects in the 20th and early 21st century created many memorable folded structures of various purposes. This is illustrated in the article on the example of many flat-sided structures. The illustrations found on the Internet and the author's personal photos were used. Based on the carried-out research it is concluded that flat-sided folds were used very widely in various fields of architecture and construction. The availability of numerical methods of calculation makes it possible to design structures of various degrees of complexity. This is confirmed by references to numerous sources used. However, some architects disagree with this conclusion, believing that despite many attempts on folding, it remains one of the least studied forms in architecture.

Implementation of Hardware Architecture for SVPWM With Arbitrary Parameters

A novel hardware digital architecture for the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation technique is proposed. Its features are the reduced hardware resources and the real-time variation of the values of the carrier and switching frequencies, of the phase and of the amplitude of the three-phase output voltages in addition to not require external reference signals or further processors, like Digital Signal Processor. The basic idea is to pre-calculate a set of normalized dwell-time for only one sixth of the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -plane and, then, to reconstruct through our architecture the effective dwell-times and the right inverter configurations by an optimized management of the memory. The architecture is implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array Cyclone V using the 6% and the 1.01%, respectively, of the Look-Up Tables and of the Flip Flops and the experimental measurements show the goodness of the generated waveforms and the high numbers of degrees of freedom without the demand of Digital Signal Processor or Personal Computer.

Multi-COBS: A Novel Algorithm for Byte Stuffing at High Throughput

Framing methods are used to break a data stream into packets in most digital communications. The use of a reserved symbol to denote the frame boundaries is a popular practice. This end-of-frame (EOF) marker should be removed from the packet content in a reversible manner. Many strategies, such as the bit and byte stuffing processes employed by high-level data link control (HDLC) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), or the Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing (COBS), have been devised to perform this goal. These bit and byte stuffing algorithms remove the reserved EOF marker from the packet payload and replace it with some extra information that can be used to undo the action later. The amount of data added is called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">overhead</i> and is a figure-of-merit of such algorithms, together with the encoding and decoding speed. Multi-COBS, a new byte stuffing algorithm, is presented in this paper. Multi-COBS provides concurrent encoding and decoding, resulting in a performance improvement of factor four or eight in common word-based digital architectures while delivering an average and worst-case overhead equivalent to the state-of-the-art. On the reference 28-nanometer field programmable gate array (FPGA) (Artix-7), Multi-COBS achieves a throughput of 6.6 Gbps, instead of 1.7 Gbps of COBS. Thanks to its parallel elaboration capability, Multi-COBS is ideal for digital systems built in programmable logic as well as modern computers.

The human act of eating as the birth of the digital architecture

The human act of eating as the birth of the digital architecture

Atlas of new professions as a landmark in the transformation of the modern labor market of Kazakhstan

The proposed article examines the necessity and features of the Atlas of New Professions as an important factor of continuing education in the digital economy through the prism of a person's awareness of the priority of education, the formation of a motivational policy aimed at constantly improving the professional and general education level adequate to the requirements of the modern labor market throughout his life. Today, the world is on the threshold of the XI technological revolution, which will radically transform all spheres of human activity. The global approbation of digital products and technologies has an active impact on the demand of the labor market for appropriate personnel and the requirements for the level of their professional competencies. In this regard, the widespread introduction of innovative technologies makes it necessary to ensure universal access to educational services throughout life. The dominant in the circle of important problems is not only the training of personnel with the necessary skills and professional competencies, but also the development of appropriate educational technologies for the development of such skills that are in demand in the labor market. The results of numerous studies indicate that along with the positive effect of digitalization and its technological achievements determine new trends, causing multidirectional processes faced by modern society. Such challenges include the impact of digital technologies on the labor market, where jobs are being cut, a large number of professions are disappearing, there is a growing shortage of qualified personnel and a high demand for specialists with digital skills. All this necessitates new approaches that allow changing the format and content of staff training on a continuous basis, as required by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In the context of the growing digital architecture of the economy, a special role is assigned to the Atlas of New Professions as a navigator of future specialties that were not previously predicted in the labor market.

A Digital Twin Architecture Model Applied with MLOps Techniques to Improve Short-Term Energy Consumption Prediction

Using extensive databases and known algorithms to predict short-term energy consumption comprises most computational solutions based on artificial intelligence today. State-of-the-art approaches validate their prediction models in offline environments that disregard automation, quality monitoring, and retraining challenges present in online scenarios. The existing demand response initiatives lack personalization, thus not engaging consumers. Obtaining specific and valuable recommendations is difficult for most digital platforms due to their solution pattern: extensive database, specialized algorithms, and using profiles with similar aspects. The challenges and present personalization tactics have been researched by adopting a digital twin model. This study creates a different approach by adding structural topology to build a new category of recommendation platform using the digital twin model with real-time data collected by IoT sensors to improve machine learning methods. A residential study case with 31 IoT smart meter and smart plug devices with 19-month data (measurements performed each second) validated Digital Twin MLOps architecture for personalized demand response suggestions based on online short-term energy consumption prediction.

Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Logic-Based Digital Library Architecture Using n-ary Huffman Coding, Regression and Fairness Measures

Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Logic-Based Digital Library Architecture Using n-ary Huffman Coding, Regression and Fairness Measures

An Experiment-Based Comparison between Fully Digital and Hybrid Beamforming Radio Architectures for Many-Antenna Full-Duplex Wireless Communication

Full-duplex (FD) communication in many-antenna base stations (BSs) is hampered by self-interference (SI). This is because a FD node’s transmitting signal generates significant interference to its own receiver. Recent works have shown that it is possible to reduce/eliminate this SI in fully digital many-antenna systems, e.g., through transmit beamforming by using some spatial degrees of freedom to reduce SI instead of increasing the beamforming gain. On a parallel front, hybrid beamforming has recently emerged as a radio architecture that uses multiple antennas per FR chain. This can significantly reduce the cost of the end device (e.g., BS) but may also reduce the capacity or SI reduction gains of a fully digital radio system. This is because a fully digital radio architecture can change both the amplitude and phase of the wireless signal and send different data streams from each antenna element. Our goal in this paper is to quantify the performance gap between these two radio architectures in terms of SI cancellation and system capacity, particularly in multi-user MIMO setups. To do so, we experimentally compare the performance of a state-of-the-art fully digital many antenna FD solution to a hybrid beamforming architecture and compare the corresponding performance metrics leveraging a fully programmable many-antenna testbed and collecting over-the-air wireless channel data. We show that SI cancellation through beam design on a hybrid beamforming radio architecture can achieve capacity within 16% of that of a fully digital architecture. The performance gap further shrinks with a higher number of quantization bits in the hybrid beamforming system.

A Digital Currency Architecture for Privacy and Owner-Custodianship

Objective: to present the new approach to perform monetary transactions with digital currency.Methods: abstract-logical, analytical methods.Results: in recent years, electronic retail payment mechanisms, especially e-commerce and card payments at the point of sale, have increasingly replaced cash in many developed countries. As a result, societies are losing a critical public retail payment option, and retail consumers are losing important rights associated with using cash. To address this concern, we propose an approach to digital currency that would allow people without banking relationships to transact electronically and privately, including both e-commerce purchases and point-of-sale purchases that are required to be cashless.The article shows the advantages of cash payments compared to non-cash ones and defines the possibility to transform these advantages into the central bank digital currencies. The disputable issues of commercial banks development under the spread of digital currencies are discussed. The architecture of digital currencies is described, including distributed ledgers technology. It was shown that, for the digital currency to function effectively, it is necessary to include the privacy of end-users into its architecture; measures to achieve that are determined.Scientific novelty: the approached proposed in the article should be used to develop the digital currencies infrastructure. It should be government-backed, privately-operated and ensure that every transaction is registered by a bank or money services business, relying upon non-custodial wallets backed by privacy-enhancing technology, such as blind signatures or zero-knowledge proofs, to ensure that transaction counterparties are not revealed. This approach can also facilitate more efficient and transparent clearing, settlement, and management of systemic risk. We argue that our system can restore and preserve the salient features of cash, including privacy, owner-custodianship, fungibility, and accessibility, while also preserving fractional reserve banking and the existing two-tiered banking system.Practical significance: the proposed approach can be applied in the practical organization of perform monetary transactions using digital currencies.The article was first published in English language by Future Internet. For more information please contact the editorial office.For original publication: Goodell G., Al-Nakib H. D., Tasca P. A Digital Currency Architecture for Privacy and Owner-Custodianship, Future Internet, 2021, 13, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13050130Publication URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/5/130

The Beauty of the Fragment Reconstituted in the Great Wall

Max Hattler’s short abstract animations demonstrate an awareness of the form’s historic 1920’s European Abstract Animation precedents, is informed by the structurally focused minimalism of the 60’s and re-tools pre-cinema toys. Yet his work speaks to the contemporary technological environment he occupies and experiences directly. His move to Hong Kong and his recent Serial Parallels is also a predictive probe into future media environments. Hattler’s digital architectures are designed to make sense of the technological situation of speed and information overload which Vilem Flusser marks as amnesic and Marshall McLuhan identifies as an acoustic space readable through pattern recognition. His practice makes productive use of the flexible and modular qualities of contemporary digital image-making technologies for both production and publication purposes.

The Spatial Form of Digital Nonlinear Landscape Architecture Design Based on Computer Big Data

Abstract Condensing the multi-dimensional digital model of green urban design, and constructing a digital method system of it progressively layer by layer. Based on this research background, the dissertation designs the spatial form of landscape architecture based on the data visualisation of nonlinear technology. The article uses the colour zoning method to design the actual scene of the garden landscape with nonlinear parameteriszation. The simulation result analyses that the proposed nonlinear algorithm has realised the efficiency improvement purpose of landscape architecture design.

RETROSPECTIVE AND CONTRADICTIONS OF CREATING ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

The research article examines the retrospective of the creation of architectural projects, systematizes the experience of architects, reveals contradictions in the development of digital architecture and its relationship with traditional design. At the same time, the problems of the development of digital architecture in the context of the formation of digital civilization are noted. The tendencies of designing objects based on non-Euclidean geometry are revealed, the features of postmodernism and parametrism are systematized, the threats and consequences of the "from figure to form" approach are substantiated.

DEVELOPING A COMMON HIGH-LEVEL ARCHITECTURE FOR A DIGITAL PERSONALIZED NUTRITION SERVICE AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN A CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

The article discusses theoretical issues related to the opportunities for the implementation and use of digital services for personalized nutrition in the COVID-19 pandemic. The author considers current problems of the Russian grocery retail market and current trends in changing consumer preferences. The advantages of retailers’ focus on meeting customers’ needs for personalized and healthy eating are described. A variant of personalized nutrition digital service architecture is developed and presented, architectural components are characterized, and classification of data sources for personalized nutrition plans is given. We have made a conclusion about the possibilities for food retailers to gain competitive advantages by implementing digital services for personalized nutrition.

Intermediary Liability in the EU Digital Common Market

The European Union is committed to its transition towards climate neutrality and digital leadership, and synergies to be created in the EU Digital Common Market provide ample opportunities to achieve these goals: While from an economic perspective, the maximisation of market opportunities and the creation of a globally competitive digital economy are desirable, the transition must be technologically and ecologically sustainable and additionally compatible with established EU consumer protection standards. The latter is especially relevant in terms of the liability of online intermediaries for digital services, taking into account the rapid transformation of the digital architecture and the emergence of new major digital platforms for sales and services. This chapter, which is based on the Bachelor thesis handed in by Sander Sagar and supervised by Thomas Hoffmann for graduation at TalTech Law School, Tallinn University of Technology, intends to elucidate how the transition towards a common digital market is legally established in practice using as an example the adoption of the intermediaries’ liability regime to a digitalized environment from the E-Commerce Directive to the Digital Services Act.

When Digital Twin Meets Network Softwarization in the Industrial IoT: Real-Time Requirements Case Study.

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is known to be a complex system because of its severe constraints as it controls critical applications. It is difficult to manage such networks and keep control of all the variables impacting their operation during their whole lifecycle. Meanwhile, Digital Twinning technology has been increasingly used to optimize the performances of industrial systems and has been ranked as one of the top ten most promising technological trends in the next decade. Many Digital Twins of industrial systems exist nowadays but only few are destined to networks. In this paper, we propose a holistic digital twinning architecture for the IIoT where the network is integrated along with the other industrial components of the system. To do so, the concept of Network Digital Twin is introduced. The main motivation is to permit a closed-loop network management across the whole network lifecycle, from the design to the service phase. Our architecture leverages the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm as an expression of network softwarization. Mainly, the SDN controller allows for setting up the connection between each Digital Twin of the industrial system and its physical counterpart. We validate the feasibility of the proposed architecture in the process of choosing the most suitable communication mechanism that satisfies the real-time requirements of a Flexible Production System.

Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) as Persuasive Technology

The Internet of Things (IoT) adds a new dimension to how people and things can communicate and collaborate. Society and the Internet are now being interconnected tightly and purposely. The research aims to analyze how IoT as a persuasive technology can affect human behavior and increase the awareness and effectiveness of IoT products among users. How will the Internet of Things infrastructure facilitate humans to change their attitudes and behaviors towards specific routine work? Our objective is to analyze which factors influence the acceptance and rejection of particular behaviors and the core motivators that persuade people to do something or to avoid something. We aim to determine whether IoT will facilitate humans to change their focused behaviors or not. Because of the rapid convergence of digital and physical worlds and the advent of digital technology, the Internet and social media have opened up a new world of affordances, constraints, and information flows from a design perspective. This article discusses how digital architecture affects behavior and the ramifications for designers who want to influence behavior for social and environmental good. In this paper we aim to give a brief introduction to persuasive technology, especially as it pertains to human adoption of IoT technology. We discuss a number of current research opportunities in IoT gadgets and their adoptions [1]. Our results indicate that persuasive (IoT) infrastructure can be expected to achieve a change of driving behaviour among their adopters. Furthermore, attention should be paid to an appropriate selection and implementation of persuasive strategies.

Ensuring Integrated Security as Part of Building Digital Architecture for Energy Companies

Today, there are models for building an enterprise architecture (EA) in general and power engineering in particular. However, these models provide only a systematic approach to the formation of EA, but do not contain metrics, therefore, they do not allow comparing different versions of architectures, and even more so to build an optimal EA. In our works, we have proposed a technology for designing an optimal EA. The article is the development of this technology and the integration of an approach to solving complex safety issues in an accident. This technology can be applied to any enterprise using information and digital technologies.