Nutrient Digestibility Coefficients Research Articles

Corn distiller's dried grains with solubles: Apparent digestibility and digestive enzymes activities in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

Abstract Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a co-product of corn ethanol production which biological value is dependent on technological processes and so may be highly variable among production plants. Therefore, two digestibility trials were conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients and energy of two commercial sources of DDGS and their effects on digestive enzyme activities in European seabass and meagre juveniles. DDGS digestibility was determined based on the substitution of 30% of a reference diet (45% CP; 16% CL) by each test DDGS. ADCs of protein (92–98%), most amino acids (75–99%) and lipids (82–89%) were high while that of energy (58–68%) was low, reflecting the high indigestible fiber content of DDGS. ADCs of nutrients and energy of DDGS were similar in both species, except for some amino acids (lysine, arginine, histidine, isoleucine, tyrosine and aspartic acid) which were higher for seabass than for meagre. Independent of fish species, ADCs of protein and energy were higher in DDGS1 than in DDGS2, whereas ADCs of lipids and most amino acid were not affected by DDGS source. Digestive enzymes activities were species specific: protease activity was higher in meagre while lipase and amylase activities were higher in seabass. For both species, all digestive enzymes activities were higher in mid intestine than in anterior or distal intestine. Overall, it is concluded that corn DDGS is well digested and seems to have high potential for inclusion in diets for seabass and meagre juveniles.

Estimating Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Diets Containing Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera Leaf Meals for Growing Rabbits by Two Methods.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and TiO2 marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 California growing rabbits (1.81±0.19 kg live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six rabbits each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg titanium dioxide as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and crude fiber (CF) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of CF from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore TiO2 as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in rabbit diets.

Nutrient digestibility and in situ degradability of alternatives to soybean meal protein sources for sheep

An in situ degradability and three in vivo (by difference) digestibility trials were conducted. The feeds tested were, soybean meal (SBM; control), lupin seeds (LS), rapeseed meal (RSM), sunflower meal (SFM), faba bean seeds (FBS), vetch seeds (VS), pea seeds (PS), flax seeds (FS), and chickpea seeds (CS). Feeds were weighed into nylon bags for incubation in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated Chios breed rams for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48h to measure DM and N degradability using a 3×9 incomplete Youden square design. Furthermore, three in vivo digestibility trials were conducted, by the use of a latin square (3×3 for the first trial and 4×4 for the second and the third trial) experimental design with castrated Chios rams, to estimate nutrient digestibility coefficients of these protein supplements. The results showed that RSM, PS and FS had similar N and dry matter (DM) digestibility compared to SBM. Even though PS had higher N degradability than SBM, the digestibility of N was similar for these two protein sources. The FS had the lowest effective protein degradability (EPD) compared to all other tested feeds, whilst VS, LS FBS and CS had higher EPD. This study reveals that RSM, PS and FS compared to SBM did not have adverse effect on DM and N digestibility. All tested seeds, but FS, have to be treated in purpose to reduce their N degradability, if they are to be used as main protein sources in highly productive diets for ruminants.

Digestibility of Soybean Cake, Niger Seed Cake and Linseed Cake in Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy for soybean cake (SBC), Niger seed cake (NSC) and linseed cake (LSC) were determined in juvenile Nile tilapia. The ADCs were determined using faeces collected with a settling chamber attached to the fish rearing tank. Test diets contained 70% reference diet and 30% test ingredients, with Cr2O3 as an inert marker. All treatments were triplicated. There was significant difference in Apparent Dry Matter Digestibility (ADMD), Apparent Protein Digestibility (APD) and Apparent Energy Digestibility (AED) between the test ingredients. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Apparent Lipid Digestibility (ALD) between the test ingredients. Of the three ingredients tested, SBC produced the highest nutrient digestibility coefficients (P<0.05) while LSC showed the lowest nutrient digestibilities (P<0.05). The NSC, which was the cheapest plant protein source, was a good feed ingredient for Nile tilapia diets in terms of overall nutrient composition and acceptable digestibility coefficients enabling more accurate and economical feed formulation.

Correlação entre digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhos em pastejo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlations between nutrient intake and ingestive behavior of steers Holstein x Zebu in the rearing on Brachiaria brizantha Marandu, during the rainy season. We used 22 steers averaging seven months of age and mean initial body weight of 164,09±12,13 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with two types of supplement and eleven repetitions per supplementation and managed in a rotational grazing area of 6,5 ha Pearson linear correlations between the behavioral variables and the digestibility of the nutrients were studied. The correlation coefficients were tested by the t test. The rumination time was positively correlated with the digestibility of nutrients. Feeding time at the trough positively correlated with the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (ODM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract. Positive correlation was observed between total chewing time and digestibility of nutrients. The number of periods of idle and rumination showed positive correlations with the digestibility of nutrients and the number of feeding periods in the trough correlated positively with the digestibility coeficient of CP. Bite rate and the number of bites per day correlated positively with the digestibility of nutrients. Positive correlation was observed between the number of chews per day and digestibility of DM, OM and total carbohydrates (CT). Positive correlations were observed between the efficiencies of feeding and rumination of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber with digestibility coefficient of nutrients studied. The nutrient digestibility has a direct influence over the behavioral expressions of animals studied.

Digestibility coefficients of crude nutrients in raw hulled acorns (Quercus pubescens Willd.) fed to growing pigs

Acorns (fruits of the Genus Quercus) are widely used in some Mediterranean countries as feed for pigs raised under extensive conditions. Despite the traditional use of acorns for fattening pigs, little is known about the digestibility coefficients of nutrients of this feed source. A feeding trial was carried out to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude nutrients in growing pigs fed with an acorn-based diet (70% raw hulled shredded acorns combined with a complete pelleted diet for pigs, as fed). The acorns were observed to contain about 510g of digestible organic matter per 1kg DM, a value lower than predicted from the fibre content (CFi) in raw acorns (y=92−1.68×CFi in DM). The digestible organic matter was found to be based on starch mainly, and to a lesser extent, on digestible fibre and digestible fat. On calculation, the metabolizable energy content (MJME/kg DM), based on the results of the digestibility of raw acorns, was observed to be 9.5MJME/kg DM, making it comparable to sugar beet pulp or to about 70% of the energy density of cereals such as wheat, or to about 75% compared to barley. A negative value for crude protein ATTD (−30%) was highlighted: the high nitrogen faecal losses observed, perhaps due to the high tannin contents (51.2g tannic acid equivalents/kg DM in raw acorns), can reasonably be considered to be due to the bacterial proteins synthesized during the increased microbial fermentation in the hindgut, then shed via faecal material. Due to the digestibility coefficients of nutrients, acorns may well be more suitable for use in combined diets for fattening pigs, rather than in diets for growers.

EFFECT OF USING SPIRULINA PLATENSIS AND CHLORELLA VULGARIS AS FEED ADDITIVES ON GROWING RABBIT PERFORMANCE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of microalga Spirulina platensis (SP) and Chlorella vulgaris (CV) as feed additives in balanced diets formulated for growing rabbits on digestibility, growth performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters of rabbits. Sixty New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (five weeks old with an average initial live body weight (626.85 g) were divided into five experimental groups (12 in each) for the feeding trail where rabbits in control group was fed 100% complete feed diet without algae supplements (T1), while both kinds of algae were added at 0.75 or 1.5g/Kg diets as T2 and T3 for spirulina diets and at the same two levels T4 and T5 for chlorella supplement, respectively. Rabbits fed the experimental diets till twelve weeks old and then digestibility trail was carried out using three animals for each group. Slaughtered test for carcass characteristics evaluation was done in addition some blood parameters were determined as well. Results indicated that the final LBW was significantly higher with both levels of SP supplement (T2&T3) than that of control (T1), but the other two levels of CV supplement (T4 &T5) were insignificantly higher than of control, with the highest value being occurred with T3. Similarly , total body weight gain was significantly higher with both levels of SP during the whole experimental period than that of control group , while the value of the two levels of CV were insignificant higher than that of control one . The highest value was associated with T3 followed in descending order by T2, T4, T5 and lastly the lowest value with control (T1). Only feed intake was significant affected by the addition of high level of SP, while the other tested dietary treatments did not significantly influenced, over the whole experimental period , compared with control . Feed conversion was improved significantly due to all algae treatments except that of the high level of CV supplement (T5) which nearly equal to that of control group. Non significant differences among treatments were found in respect of digestion coefficients of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE nutrients. Concerning the results of slaughter test , slaughter weight for the two levels of SP- diets had significant higher values than those of CV-diets and control one. Similar trend was observed respecting hot carcass weight among experimental treatments. However, both weights and percentages of liver, kidney, heart and total giblet, didn't significant affected by dietary treatments. Also no significant differences among treatments respecting the dressing percentage was found. The lowest significant (P≤0.05) cholesterol value (37.64 mg/dl) was obtained by rabbits fed diet with high level of SP compared with the control (52.74 mg/dl). Rabbit fed diets supplemented with both levels of SP and also the low CV- diet had performed more economically than the other treatments. Conclusively, results indicated that both levels of Spirulina – diets markedly improved growth performance of growing rabbits and in addition reduced liver enzyme activities, cholesterol and total lipids concentration in blood compared with control and the chlorella algae supplement

Replacement of berseem hay by Salix tetrasperma on physiological performance of New Zealand White rabbits under subtropical conditions of Egypt.

Forty-eight growing New Zealand White male rabbits aged 6 weeks (874 ± 1.3 g initial body weight (BW)) were used to study effects of partial replacement of berseem hay (BH) with Salix tetrasperma hay (ST) on growth and physiological responses. Rabbits were allotted to one of four diets of 12 rabbits each for 75 days in a completely randomized design. The treatments were as follows: control (30 % BH), ST25 (7.5 % ST + 22.5 % BH), ST50 (15 % ST + 15 % BH), ST75 (22.5 % ST + 7.5 % BH). Nutrient digestibility coefficients, nutritive value and N utilization of rabbits fed with the ST50 rations were higher (P < 0.05) than the other groups. Final live BW, average daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of rabbits fed ST25 and ST50 were higher (P < 0.05) than those fed ST75 and the control. Serum biochemical metabolites of urea, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase concentrations varied among diets, with the rank order (P < 0.05) ST75 > ST25 and ST50 > control. Glucose level was higher (P < 0.05) for the control than the other diets. Rabbits fed with the mixed diets of ST had lower (P < 0.05) total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides levels than those fed with control. Haematological indices of packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocyte counts were lower (P < 0.05), but monocyte was higher, in rabbits fed with the ST75 than the other groups. However, other haematological parameters were similar among diets. Since all the performance and blood parameters were within normal ranges for healthy rabbits, and there were no signs of toxicity, we conclude that partial replacement of BH by ST improves rabbit growth performance, and did not impact rabbit health.

Growth performance and bone mineralization of large Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed graded levels of available phosphorus

The effect of graded levels of dietary available phosphorus (AP) on large Nile tilapia (145.87 ± 9.51 g) performance, feed efficiency, body composition and mineral retention in vertebrae was evaluated. All male fish were distributed into three replicates in fiberglass aquaria (800 L each; 12 fish per tank) for 87 days and hand fed to pelletized diets three times a day until apparent satiation. Diets with approximately 302 g kg−1 of digestible protein and 15.2 kJ g−1 of digestible energy with graded levels of dibasic phosphate yield AP levels of 2.39, 4.17, 6.12 and 8.91 g kg−1. At the end of the trial, feed intake, hepatosomatic index, fillet yield, whole body moisture and crude protein of fish fed 2.39–8.91 g kg−1 of AP diets were not significantly different. The supplementation of 6.12 and 8.91 g kg−1 of AP resulted in significantly increased weight gain, whole body ash and calcium. Whole body crude lipids significantly decreased with increasing AP from 6.12 to 8.91 g kg−1. However, concentration of zinc in the vertebrae was not affected by dietary treatments. The magnesium contents of the fish vertebrae were lower in fish fed lower dietary AP level. No effects of the dietary AP on apparent digestibility coefficients of energy and nutrients were observed. The study indicated that the dietary AP level of at least 6.12 g kg−1 satisfies the needs for growth performance, body composition and bone mineralization of large Nile tilapia.

Apparent digestibility of Asian carp- and common carp-derived fish meals in feeds for hybrid striped bassMorone saxatilis♀ × M. chrysops♂ and rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients (crude protein, amino acids, crude lipid, fatty acids, and minerals) were determined for fish meals derived from menhaden, Asian carp (combination of silver and bighead carps), and common carp in feeds for hybrid striped bass and rainbow trout. Extruded test diets were formulated to contain a 70 : 30 mixture of reference diet and test ingredient with yttrium oxide (1 g kg−1) serving as the inert marker. Diets were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks and fish were fed once per day at 2% body weight. Fecal samples were collected by manual stripping. The ADCs were calculated according to standard procedures. The composition and digestibility of Asian carp and common carp meals was broadly similar to menhaden meal. Protein digestibility ranged from 86.5% (Asian carp meal) to 93.1% (common carp meal). Lipid was highly digestible with ADCs >100% for all ingredients. Although the Asian carp meal was less digestible than the other two fish meals, it was still a highly digestible ingredient. Our data suggest that fish meals derived from Asian or common carp would be valuable feedstuffs in diets for hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and possibly other cultured fishes.

Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Retention in Wild and Farmed Canids

Abstract The aim of this study, conducted in November 2012, was to determine whether farming of common foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) leads to changes in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with their wild counterparts. Wild and farmed animals were compared within and between species. Each group consisted of five males and five females aged around eight months. Farmed silver foxes - a variety of the common red fox (group FSF) and farmed raccoon dogs (group FRD) were purchased from a breeding farm in southeastern Poland. Wild red foxes (group WRF) and wild raccoon dogs (group WRD) were trapped in the hunting grounds of the Polish Hunting Association (Olsztyn Division). The animals were placed in metabolism cages. The coefficients of nutrient and energy digestibility, and daily nitrogen balance and retention values were compared between groups. Farmed animals tended to have higher digestibility coefficients than their wild counterparts. No significant differences were noted within species. The coefficients of dry matter (P≤0.01), organic matter (P≤0.05, P≤0.05) and protein (only FSF vs. WRD - P≤0.05) digestibility were higher in foxes. Raccoon dogs were characterized by higher digestibility of carbohydrates - N-free extracts (P≤0.01). Nitrogen retention was higher in farmed animals. The highest and lowest levels of retained nitrogen were observed in groups FSF and WRD, respectively

Reproductive long-term effects, endocrine response and fatty acid profile of rabbit does fed diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids

The effect of a diet enriched with polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (PUFA) on endocrine, reproductive, and productive responses of rabbit females and the litters has been studied. Nulliparous does (n=125) were fed ad libitum from rearing to second weaning two diets supplemented with different fat sources: 7.5g/kg lard for the control diet (group C; n=63) or 15g/kg of a commercial supplement containing a 50% ether extract and 35% of total fatty acids (FAs) as PUFA n-3 (Group P; n=62). Dietary treatments did not affect apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, or reproductive variables of does including milk production, mortality and average daily gain of kits over two lactations. However, on Day 5 and 7 post-induction of ovulation, progesterone of Group P tended to increase to a greater extent than in does of Group C. Total PUFAs, n-6 and n-3 and eicosapentanoic (EPA) contents were greater in adipose tissues of does in Group P than in Group C. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were greater in peri-ovarian than in scapular fat with abdominal fat being intermediate in concentration. In PUFA supplemented does, kit mortality at the second parturition tended to be less than in control does. Also, kits born to does of the PUFA-supplemented group weighed more and were of greater length than from does of control group. In conclusion, effectiveness of dietary intervention on reproductive and performance response is greater in the second parity, which suggests an accumulative long-term beneficial effect of n-3 FA supplementation in reproductive rabbit does.

Marine and freshwater crab meals in diets for red porgy ( Pagrus pagrus ): Digestibility, ammonia-N excretion, phosphorous and calcium retention

Abstract Two trials were conducted to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of river crab (RC) ( Procambarus clarkii ) and marine crab (MC) ( Chaceon affinis ) meals in diets for red porgy ( Pagrus pagrus ) and the effect on ammonia-N excretion and P and Ca retentions. In trial I, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients and energy contents in RC and MC meals were determined. Results showed that, the ADC values for protein, lipids, ash, dry matter and gross energy were significantly higher for MC than for RC meal. Both crab meals were efficiently digested despite their high chitin and ash contents. In trial II, red porgy were fed over 6 months with five diets: a control diet (CD) based on high quality fish meal (FM), and four diets where FM protein was replaced at a rate of 10% or 20% by protein derived from either RC or MC meal (RC10, RC20, MC10 and MC20). Replacement of the FM protein by RC or MC proteins had no effect both on protein utilisation and ammonia-N excretion rates, which ranged from 105 to 119 mg N–NH 4 + kg − 1 day − 1 for all diets. A linear increase was observed in the dietary Ca/P ratio by the increase of the dietary RC and MC meal inclusions, resulting in a reduction in the whole fish body content of P, Ca and ash with interesting similar whole body Ca/P ratio (1.59–1.63) for all treatments. Accordingly, Ca, P and ash retention rates were significantly reduced by increasing the dietary proportion of both crab meals. Moreover, a negative relationship between fish growth and final whole body Ca, P and ash contents was obtained. However, no significant differences were observed in total P excretion value (kg P t − 1 ).

Effects of dietary crude glycerin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and nitrogen balance of goats.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of crude glycerin (CGLY) in diets on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and nitrogen utilization of goats. Four male crossbred (Thai Native×Anglo Nubian) goats, with an average initial weight of 26±3.0 kg, were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 Latin square design with four 21 days consecutive periods. Treatments diets contained 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of dietary DM of CGLY. Based on this experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatment groups regarding DM intake and digestion coefficients of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF). Likewise, mean serum glucose, BHBA, and PCV concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments, whereas serum insulin concentration linearly increased (L, p = 0.002) with increasing the amount of CGLY supplementation. Ruminal pH, NH3-N, and BUN concentration were unchanged by dietary treatments, except for 20% of CGLY, NH3-N, and BUN were lower (p<0.05) than for the diets 10% of CGLY, while the difference between the diets 0%, 5%, and 20% of CGLY were not significant. The amount of N absorption and retention were similar among treatments. Based on this study, CGLY levels up to 20% in total mixed ration could be efficiently utilized for goats and this study elucidates a good approach to exploiting the use of biodiesel production for goat production.

Chemical composition and metabolizable energy values of corn germ meal obtained by wet milling for layers

An experiment was carried out to determine the chemical composition, metabolizable energy values, and coefficients of nutrient digestibility of corn germ meal for layers. The chemical composition of corn germ meal was determined, and then a metabolism assay was performed to determine its apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) values and its dry matter and gross energy apparent metabolizability coefficients (CAMDM and CAMGE, respectively). In the 8-day assay (four days of adaptation and four days of total excreta collection), 60 29-week-old white Lohman LSL layers were used. A completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments with five replicates of four birds each, was applied. Treatments consisted of a reference diet and two test diets, containing 20 or 30% corn germ meal. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey tests at 5% probability level. The chemical composition of corn germ meal was: 96.39% dry matter, 49.48% ether extract, 1.87% ashes, 7243 kcal gross energy/kg, 11.48% protein, 0.19% methionine, 0.21% cystine, 0.48% lysine, 0.40% threonine, 0.72% arginine, 0.35% isoleucine, 0.83% leucine, 0.57% valine, and 0.37% histidine, on as-fed basis. There were no statistical differences in AME, AMEn, CAMDM, and CAMGE values with the inclusion of 20 and 30% corn germ meal in the diets. On dry matter basis, AME, AMEn, CAMDM, and CAMGE values of corn germ meal were: 4,578 and 4,548 kcal/kg, 4,723 and 4,372 kcal/kg, 64.95 and 61.86%, respectively.

Palm Kernel Cake as a Potential Ingredient in Muscovy Ducks Diet

A study was conducted to determine the feeding effect of three concentration levels of 0, 15 and 35% palm kernel cake (PKC) on productive performance of Muscovy ducks during growing period. A total of 72 males and 72 females two week-old ducklings were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: corn-soybean meal basal diet (control); basal diet containing 15% PKC (PKC15); and basal diet containing 35% PKC (PKC35). Following five weeks of growing phase with experimental diet, no significant differences were observed in respect to body weight and weight gain among treatments. However, feed intake and feed to gain ratio was significantly higher in birds fed 35% PKC than those in other treatment groups. Male ducks had significantly superior weight gain and feed to gain ratio. This was mainly due to their higher feed intake level and not attributed to nutrient digestibility coefficients. Inclusion of 35% PKC decreased (P<0.05) the dry matter, energy and crude protein digestibility compared to 15% and control group. This reduction was mainly influenced by the shorter digesta passage time in 35% PKC fed birds (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the control and 15% PKC birds as for all the investigated parameters. Therefore, it is suggested that PKC may be incorporated in Muscovy duck diet at 15% without any adverse effect on the overall performance and nutrients digestibility.

NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY FEED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN AND LIPID ON CORAL ROCK GROUPER (Epinephelus corallicola) JUVENILE

The aims of this study was to determine the nutrient digestibility coefficient of diet with diertary levels of protein and lipid on coral rock grouper (Epinephelus corallicola) juvenile. This study used completely randomized design with factorial arranged in 3 different treatment of dietary protein levels i.e., 36%, 42%, and 48%;and 2 different treatment of dietary lipid levels i.e., 9% and 18%; with 3 repetition. The average initial body weight of fishes for this study was 29.19 ± 0.97 g/fish. Fishes were reared in 18 pieces of polycarbonate tank with water volume of 30 liters with stocked density of 7 fishes/tank. The tank equipped with aeration with water flow change of 20 liters/hour. Fish were fed 2 times per day on at satiation and fish rearing for 150 days. Parameters measured were protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy of digestibility coefficient . The results showed that the interaction of protein and lipid levels that differ in feed ratio significantly affected on protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy digestibility coefficients. In general, feed with a protein content of 36% and 9% lipid produced good nutrient digestibility coefficient and better economic value. Keywords: protein, lipid, feed nutrient digestibility, coral rock grouper

NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY FEED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN AND LIPID ON CORAL ROCK GROUPER (Epinephelus corallicola) JUVENILE

&lt;p&gt;The aims of this study was to determine the nutrient digestibility coefficient of diet with diertary levels of protein and lipid on coral rock grouper (Epinephelus corallicola) juvenile. This study used completely randomized design with factorial arranged in 3 different treatment of dietary protein levels i.e., 36%, 42%, and 48%;and 2 different treatment of dietary lipid levels i.e., 9% and 18%; with 3 repetition. The average initial body weight of fishes for this study was 29.19 ± 0.97 g/fish. Fishes were reared in 18 pieces of polycarbonate tank with water volume of 30 liters with stocked density of 7 fishes/tank. The tank equipped with aeration with water flow change of 20 liters/hour. Fish were fed 2 times per day on at satiation and fish rearing for 150 days. Parameters measured were protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy of digestibility coefficient . The results showed that the interaction of protein and lipid levels that differ in feed ratio significantly affected on protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy digestibility coefficients. In general, feed with a protein content of 36% and 9% lipid produced good nutrient digestibility coefficient and better economic value.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Keywords: protein, lipid, feed nutrient digestibility, coral rock grouper&lt;/p&gt;

Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e características ruminais de cordeiros alimentados com níveis crescentes de concentrado em ambiente tropical no Vale do Alto Guaporé - MT

The objective was to evaluate the use of concentrate in the diet of lambs on intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients, ruminal characteristics, rectal and body temperature. It was used four lambs without breed defined (SRD), entire, with average body weight (BW) of 19.3 ± 2.07 kg using a Latin square design, 4 x 4. The animals were housed in metabolism cages and were fed twice a day with diet consisting of corn silage and concentrate at a ratio of 20, 40, 60 and 80% dry matter in the diet, composite of corn grains and soybean meal. Leftovers were measured daily and the feces were collected through bags. Data from variables studied were submitted to ANOVA and regression analysis at 5% probability. The increasing levels of concentrate in lamb diets affected (P&lt;0.05) of linear form decreasing the intake of NDF, ADF and quadratic of DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC and TCH intake. There was no effect (P&gt;0.05) of concentrate levels on digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, EE, NDF, ADF, NFC and TCH. However, the digestibility coefficient of CP showed a quadratic effect (P&lt;0.05). The pH and ammonia nitrogen showed a quadratic effect (P&lt;0.05) for the time after feeding. The rectal and body temperature of lambs was not affected (P&gt;0.05) by dietary concentrate. It can be concluded that 38% of concentrate in diets of lambs favors the maximum dry matter intake, organic matter and crude protein. The digestibility coefficient of the nutrients, except for protein, are not altered with the addition up to 80% concentrate in diet for lambs, as well as, this does not affect the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration of ruminal fluid, rectal and body temperature.

Composição bromatológica e digestibilidade aparente da parte aérea seca da mandioca na alimentação de tilápias-do-nilo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da secagem da parte aérea da mandioca, ao sol e à sombra, sobre a composição bromatológica e o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) de nutrientes, energia e aminoácidos para tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Não houve diferença entre os métodos de secagem para a composição bromatológica. O CDA da proteína bruta apresentou maior digestibilidade para a parte aérea seca à sombra. A secagem da parte aérea da mandioca à sombra permite maior conservação do conteúdo proteico e melhor digestibilidade aparente da fração proteica e aminoacídica para a tilápia-do-nilo.