Diffusion Potential Research Articles

Frequency Response of C–V and G/ω-V Characteristics of Au/(Nanographite-doped PVP)/n-Si Structures

This paper reports that frequency response on profile of C–V–ƒ and G/ω–V–ƒ characteristics of spin-coated nanographite (NG)-doped polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/n-Si structures in a wide frequency (1 kHz–5 MHz) and voltage (± 3 V) ranges at room temperature. Hereby, the basic parameters of the structure such as diffusion potential (VD), doping donor density (ND), Fermi energy level (EF), maximum electric field (Em), depletion layer thickness (Wd), and barrier height (ΦB) are derived by using the intercept and slope of C−2–V–ƒ plot for each frequency. Additionally, the energy density distribution of surface states (Nss) and their relaxation time values (τ) are also attained from the conduction method and their values are found as 4.999 × 1012 eV−1 cm−2 and 2.92 µs at 0.452 eV, and 3.857 × 1012 eV−1 cm−2 and 164 µs at 0.625 eV, respectively. The lower Nss values are the consequence of passivation effect of the used nanographite (NG)-PVP polymer interlayer. As a result, the polymer interlayer based nanographite (NG)-PVP is candidate instead of the widely used oxide/insulator layer for the purpose of decreasing the surface states or dislocations.

The investigation of the corrosion behavior of CZTS thin films prepared via electrodeposition

In this study, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate by single-step electrochemical deposition (ECD). CZTS absorber layers were obtained with −1.05 V cathodic potential and 2700 s deposition time for pH:5 and at room temperature. Trisodium citrate was used as a complexing agent for co-electrodeposition. After the deposition, the CZTS thin films were annealed at 580 °C in sulfur powder and N2 atmosphere for 60 min for the formation of stoichiometric kesterite structure. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the prepared thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, optical absorption techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Crystallisation of the films was confirmed by XRD measurements. The prepared films were also examined using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel measurements. Nyquist, open circuit voltage (OCV) voltage(OCP) and Bode analysis were used to find out the structural changing and corrosion behavior of the CZTS films. The equivalent circuit parameters such as solution resistance (Rs), polarization resistance (Rp), a constant phase element (CPE), a CPE exponent (n) and diffusion potential were calculated as 253.8 Ω cm2, 944.2 Ω cm2, 1.547 × 10−3 Ω−1 s cm−2, 0.500 and 8.631 × 10−3 Ω−1 s1/2. cm−2, respectively. Also, with the help of Tafel measurements, the corrosion potential and current values were determined as −0.161 V and 1 × 10−6 A, respectively.

Surveillance, Security, and Liberal Democracy in the Post-COVID World

AbstractTo what extent has the COVID-19 outbreak, and the augmented use of health surveillance technology that has resulted from it, altered international conceptions of civil liberties, privacy, and democracy? This article examines how global patterns of liberal democracy have been and could be affected by the pandemic. In China, the outbreak has strengthened a pre-existing techno-authoritarian project aimed at prevention and control of threats to both public health and public order. Certain features of the international system such as China's major power status, its global economic role, and its leadership in international organizations suggest that China's model of illiberal pandemic response could diffuse worldwide. Other factors, however—such as the incomparability of China's political system to many other countries in the contemporary international system—suggest more limited diffusion potential. To date, the pandemic has largely augmented existing trends, meaning that autocracies have been likely to respond in ways that infringe upon citizen rights, and weak democracies have exhibited some risk of democratic erosion and pandemic-associated autocratization. In these cases, however, factors other than surveillance have been central to processes of democratic decay. Conversely, a large number of consolidated democracies have employed surveillance, but have managed to navigate the initial stages of crisis without significantly compromising democratic standards. In these cases, surveillance technology has been fenced in by democratic institutions and rule of law, and norms, institutions, and public opinion have worked together to facilitate pandemic responses that are (on balance) proportional, limited in time and scope, and subject to democratic oversight. This suggests that international relations may need to separate the pandemic's effects on democracy from its effects on liberalism, and that care must be taken to identify the precise mechanisms that link pandemic response to various components of liberal democracy.

A model for discrete fracture-clay rock interaction incorporating electrostatic effects on transport

A model based on the code CrunchClay is presented for a fracture-clay matrix system that takes electrostatic effects on transport into account. The electrostatic effects on transport include those associated with the development of a diffusion potential as captured by the Nernst-Planck equation, and the formation of a diffuse layer bordering negatively charged clay particles within which partial anion exclusion occurs. The model is based on a dual continuum formulation that accounts for diffuse layer and bulk water pore space, providing a more flexible framework than is found in the classical mean electrostatic potential models. The diffuse layer model is obtained by volume averaging ion concentrations in the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, but also includes the treatment of longitudinal transport within this continuum. The calculation of transport within the bulk and diffuse layer porosity is based on a new formulation for the Nernst-Planck equation that considers averaging of diffusion coefficients and accumulation factors at grid cell interfaces. Equations for function residuals and the associated Jacobian matrix are presented such that the system of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations can be solved with Newton’s method. As an example, we consider a 2D system with a single discrete fracture within which flow and advective transport occurs that is coupled to diffusion in the clay-rich matrix. The simulation results demonstrate the lack of retardation for anions (e.g., 36Cl−) of the contaminant plume within the fracture flow system because they are largely excluded from the charged clay rock, while the migration of cations (e.g., 90Sr++) is more strongly attenuated. The diffusive loss of divalent cations in particular from the fracture is accentuated by their accumulation in the diffuse layer within the clay-rich matrix.

Convergence of a fully discrete and energy-dissipating finite-volume scheme for aggregation-diffusion equations

We study an implicit finite-volume scheme for nonlinear, non-local aggregation-diffusion equations which exhibit a gradient-flow structure, recently introduced in [R. Bailo, J. A. Carrillo and J. Hu, Fully discrete positivity-preserving and energy-dissipating schemes for aggregation-diffusion equations with a gradient flow structure, arXiv:1811.11502 ]. Crucially, this scheme keeps the dissipation property of an associated fully discrete energy, and does so unconditionally with respect to the time step. Our main contribution in this work is to show the convergence of the method under suitable assumptions on the diffusion functions and potentials involved.

NIMG-39. UTILITY OF PHYSIOLOGIC MR METRICS IN DISTINGUISHING TRUE-PROGRESSION FROM PSEUDOPROGRESSION IN GLIOBLASTOMAS STRATIFIED BY MGMT PROMOTER METHYLATION

Abstract BACKGROUND Methylation of O6-methyl-guanine-methyl transferase MGMT gene promoter is associated with favorable prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM) patients treated with surgery and chemoradiation therapy (CRT). OBJECTIVE To investigate potential of diffusion and perfusion MR imaging in distinguishing TP from PsP in GBM patients stratified by MGMT status. METHODS A cohort of 92 patients demonstrating new/increasing enhancing lesions within six months of completion of CRT underwent 3T MR imaging. Median values of mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), anisotropy coefficients [linear(CL), planar (CP), and spherical (CS)] and maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBVmax) were computed from enhancing lesions. Patients were classified as TP (n=65) and PsP (n=27) based on histopathology or follow-up MRI scans. Mann-Whitney, independent-sample T-tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to distinguish TP from PsP. Of 92 patients, MGMT status was available from 60 patients [MGMT-methylated (n=23) and MGMT-unmethylated (n=37)]. Statistical analyses were also performed in distinguishing TP (n=15) and PsP (n=8) from MGMT-methylated and MGMT-unmethylated subgroups (TP=28; PsP=9). A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Significantly higher rCBVmax and FA and a trend towards higher CP were observed in TP compared to PsP. Among these parameters, rCBVmax had the best sensitivity=62%, specificity=68% and accuracy=67% in distinguishing TP from PsP. ROC analysis revealed sensitivity=54%, specificity=78% and accuracy=68% after combination of these parameters. In MGMT methylated patients, only rCBVmax was significantly higher in TP than in PsP with sensitivity=79%, specificity=67% and accuracy=74% at a threshold rCBVmax value of 2.23. In MGMT unmethylated group, a trend towards higher rCBVmax was observed in TP than in PsP with sensitivity=67%, specificity=77%, accuracy=69%, threshold value=2.89. CONCLUSION Physiologic imaging parameters demonstrate variable diagnostic values for detecting PsP in GBM patients stratified by MGMT status. The best parameter in distinguishing TP from PsP was rCBVmax in patients demonstrating MGMT promoter methylation.

What motivates consumer to engage in microblogs? The roles of brand post characteristics and brand prestige

Microblogs have gained concerns from both academics and practitioners owing to their great potential for communication and diffusion. Brand managers can release posts containing photo, video, and hashtags besides a short text on microblog platforms. This study concentrates on the influence of explicit characteristics in brand post (i.e., photo, video, hashtags, and brand personality traits) on consumer engagement (i.e., number of likes, comments, and shares of brand post). Furthermore, we propose that brand prestige moderates the relationships between brand post characteristics and consumer engagement. We examine these hypotheses with a dataset that includes more than 250,000 brand posts across about 70 brands’ official accounts collected from the platform Sina Weibo, the largest and most popular microblog platform in China. Our research yields interesting findings that uncover the relationships among different characteristics of brand post and consumer engagement under different levels of brand prestige. We conclude the paper by highlighting its theoretical and practical contributions.

Modeling and Experiments of Binary Electrolytes in the Presence of Diffusion, Migration, and Electro-Osmotic Flow

Combined diffusion, migration, and advection of ions in a binary electrolyte plays a role in various applications, including water electrolysis, electrodeposition, deionization, and electrophoresis. Here we analyze a dilute binary electrolyte with arbitrary ion valencies in a porous or nonporous medium using the one-dimensional Nernst-Planck equations. We examine how advection influences the limiting current, diffusion potential, and overall potential, deriving broadly useful analytical expressions. We provide experimental results for the electro-osmotic flow through a submicroporous separator in an alkaline water electrolysis setup. The time evolution of the potential is followed from the initial timescale of double-layer charging, followed by the diffusional timescale, to the time at which a limiting current is reached. For the longer timescales, a quasisteady model is shown to predict the time evolution of the advection-modified potential drop reasonably well. Additional interesting features arising due to electro-osmotic drag and unsteady diffusion are observed and explained.

A Compare Study on Electrical Properties of MS Diodes with and Without CoFe2O4-PVP Interlayer

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanostructures in powder form were synthesized by an ultrasound assisted method. The crystalline structure of it was determined by XRD method. The prepared powder was mixed with an aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution to utilize as an interfacial thin film. The prepared CoFe2O4-PVP solution was deposited on the n-Si wafer utilizing electrospinning method. Electrical characteristics of the Au/n-Si (MS) and Au/(CoFe2O4-PVP)/n-Si (MPS) diodes were investigated using current and admittance (Y = G + iωC) measurements. Electrical parameters like ideality factor (n), barrier height (ΦB), and series resistance (Rs) of them were extracted from I–V measurements. The Ln(IF)-(VF) plots were drawn to determine the current conduction mechanisms (CCMs). Besides, the other diode parameters including diffusion potential, concentration of donor atoms, depletion layer width, barrier height and Fermi-energy were extracted from C−2–V characteristic. As a result, the electrical parameters of these diodes were compared with each other, and the obtained results confirm that the polymer interlayer between M and S is more affective on electrical performance of the diode.

Atomic and micro‐structure features of nanoporous aluminosilicate glasses from reactive molecular dynamics simulations

AbstractLong‐term chemical durability of borosilicate glasses that makes them a widely accepted form of nuclear waste disposal is achieved through the formation of a porous aluminosilicate gel layer that provides passivity and limits the transport of water to the reaction front. Detailed understanding of the porous silicate gel layer is thus critical in elucidating the corrosion mechanism of these glasses and to design of new glass composition for waste immobilization and other applications. In this paper, we use the diffuse charge reactive potential to generate porous aluminosilicate glass structures with compositions equivalent to the gel layers formed at the glass‐water interface with an aim to understand the processing condition on the microstructure and atomic structure of these systems. We demonstrate the use of the charge scaling techniques is an effective approach to generate these porous structures with controllable pore mophologies. After initial validation of the potentials and calcium aluminosilicate glass structures using neutron diffraction, we created gel structures with compositions similar to well‐known model nuclear waste borosilicate glasses. The porosities and the pore size distribution bear a strong correlation to the processing temperature, as well as to the local atomic structure. Thus, by controlling the processing parameters, the generated porous structures can be customized to closely resemble gel structures due to borosilicate glass corrosion. These results provide insights of the micro‐ and atomic structure features of the porous aluminosilicate glasses and on the optimal procedure to generate porous structures that can be comparable to experimentally observed gel layer structures thus to elaborate on the correlations between the structure and phenomena in glass‐water interactions.

Fault reactivation potential and associated permeability evolution under changing injection conditions

Understanding the hydraulic and frictional sensitivity of fault to different injection conditions is one of the efficient ways to provide useful implications for fault reactivation potential. Numerical simulations of fractured reservoir have provided information on how fault behaviour varies under changing hydromechanical properties and injection conditions. A coupled hydro-mechanical model which can represent the elastoplastic behaviour of a fault was employed to predict and quantify the effects of varying injection positions and injection rates on permeability response and potential of fault reactivation under isothermal injection. We examine the sensitivity of seismic event magnitude and timing to variations in both pressure perturbation and stress as injection location changes. We generate results for two scenarios: one with changing injection position but with uniform injection rate, and another scenario with increasing injection rate at the same injection position. We observed that the potential of fault reactivation is affected by the hydraulic diffusivity potential of the fluid pressure, and this mechanism is mediated by a function of the injector position and injection rate. As the velocity of fluid transmission increases, increasing fluid pressure impact pore pressure elevation and reduced effective stress. However, an injector position where there is low diffusivity causes low pore pressure build-up rate, incapable of inducing shear failure, and thus, permeability enhancement is retarded in this case. Accordingly, the injection rate variation influences the rate of pore pressure build-up, the timing and magnitude of induced seismic events. This is also reflected in the permeability evolution as a response to the variations in the magnitude of fault openings and cracks. This changing injection conditions however influences the timing required to reach the critical peak friction point as pore pressure build-up rate and sensitivity to loading response change. Hence, with changing position and rate of injection, the evolution of fault permeability appears to be intrinsically controlled by a condition which favours elastoplastic deformation and fracture failure, with slip distance increasing with high injection rates.

Simulating stomatal response to cloud immersion for montane cloud forests in the Southern Appalachians

Montane cloud forests are incredibly biodiverse regions that exist globally at narrow elevation bands and are frequently under the presence of low-level clouds and fog. Increasing temperatures and rising cloud base heights threaten these ecosystems, and may reduce the duration of time that plants are exposed to fog. Some cloud forest species have adapted to cloud immersion and enhanced photosynthesis rates have been observed under such conditions. This manuscript tests a simple model for simulating stomatal conductance for vegetation under cloud immersion based on Jarvis's empirical formulation. The light-available energy function within the model is modified to reflect variability observed in Abies fraseri under sun, low cloud, and cloud immersed sky conditions in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Results demonstrate that this approach captures differences amongst stomatal opening during sun, low cloud and immersed conditions for similar ranges of temperature, light, diffusivity, and xylem water potential. Simulated average stomatal conductance during cloud immersion exceeded estimates during sun and low cloud conditions by 3 and 1.5 times, respectively. The magnitude of the estimated stomatal conductance for immersed and low cloud conditions falls below experimental data under all potential environmental states. Similarly, transpiration rates estimated from modeled stomatal conductance were also lower than observed values. The larger discrepancy for cloud immersed periods highlights the need to account for plant adaptation strategies like reduced transpiration and foliar uptake that occur during cloud immersion. Simulating adaptation processes for cloud forests in modeling studies is critical in order to evaluate fully the resilience of montane cloud forest vegetation under disturbance regimes.

Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy and Microscopy on Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductor β-Ga2O3

Although gallium oxide Ga2O3 is attracting much attention as a next-generation ultrawide bandgap semiconductor for various applications, it needs further optical characterization to support its use in higher-performance devices. In the present study, terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy (TES) and laser THz emission microscopy (LTEM) are applied to Sn-doped, unintentionally doped, and Fe-doped β-Ga2O3 wafers. Femtosecond (fs) laser illumination generated THz waves based on the time derivative of the photocurrent. TES probes the motion of ultrafast photocarriers that are excited into a conduction band, and LTEM visualizes their local spatiotemporal movement at a spatial and temporal resolution of laser beam diameter and a few hundred fs. In contrast, one observes neither photoluminescence nor distinguishable optical absorption for a band-to-band transition for Ga2O3. TES/LTEM thus provides complementary information on, for example, the local mobility, surface potential, defects, band bending, and anisotropic photo-response in a noncontact, nondestructive manner. The results indicated that the band bends downward at the surface of an Fe-doped wafer, unlike with an n-type wafer, and the THz emission intensity is qualitatively proportional to the product of local electron mobility and diffusion potential, and is inversely proportional to penetration depth, all of which have a strong correlation with the quality of the materials and defects/impurities in them.

Numerical modeling of diffusion-controlled phase transformation using the Darken method: Application to the dissolution/precipitation processes in materials

Many material phase transformations are controlled by mass transport induced by diffusion. To better understand such transformations, numerous modeling strategies at the scale of the moving interfaces exist, with their strengths and weaknesses. Phase-field approaches are based on diffuse interfaces that do not require any interface tracking, as opposed to those based on fixed-grid sharp interface tracking. In the case of binary two-phase systems, in this paper we address the key point of the mass balance equation at the interface involving a concentration jump, which determines the interface moving velocity. We propose a unique diffusion equation for both phases and their interface, based on the component’s chemical potentials which are continuous through the interface and a smooth volume-of-fluid phase representation. This model is achieved in the framework of the Darken method, which involves intrinsic diffusion of components and a drift velocity to which all compounds are subjected. This drift velocity is shown to be that of the interface displacement as well. This methodology is verified for 1D and 3D dissolution/precipitation problems and has a first-order spatial convergence. The 3D simulations of precipitation and dissolution processes of more complex microstructures clearly show a bifurcation of the particle morphology from the initial spherical shape when the diffusion edges of each particle interact with each other. An extension of the diffusion potential to mechanical driving forces should make it possible to deal with mechano-chemical coupling of mass transport.

Verification of the generalised chemical potential for stress-driven hydrogen diffusion in nickel

ABSTRACT Hydrogen embrittlement leads to time-dependent failure of structural components. Hydrogen absorption and diffusion contribute to the time dependency and are often treated by thermodynamic diffusion models, which consider the ideal-solution approach and spherical distortion of the lattice. The interaction of spherical lattice distortions with hydrostatic stress fields causes stress-driven hydrogen diffusion. In the present work, ab-initio calculations are used to verify and parametrise the stress dependency of the generalised chemical potential for hydrogen in nickel. Therefore, the partial molar volume for hydrogen in nickel is introduced. The assumption of linear elasticity and a linear dependency on the hydrostatic stress is sufficient to describe hydrogen diffusion on the macroscopic and mesoscopic scale. The work is concluded with hydrogen diffusion simulations, which reveal a minor influence of stress-driven hydrogen diffusion on the overall hydrogen distribution in nickel.

The Spontaneous Imbibition of Micro/Nano Structures in Tight Matrix and the Influence on Imbibition Potential.

Tight matrix has relatively low permeability and porosity, with abundant micro/nano pores. The capillary force in these pores are relatively strong, making the wetting liquid easier to be imbibed in the matrix. This process is called spontaneous imbibition. The complexity of pore structure is identified as one of the key factors influencing the imbibition process, but the detailed mechanism is not clear. Thus, in this work, a method is proposed to evaluate the influence of pore structure on imbibition process. Pore structure has fractal properties in a specific scale. By using the fractal theory, an imbibition model is provided to analyze the influence of microscopic structures on spontaneous imbibition, considering the pore size distribution and pore connectivity. Also, based on this model, the influencing factors on dimensionless imbibition and diffusion rate are discussed. Results show that the pore structure has more branches, larger and shorter sub-throats has higher chance to gain a high imbibition rate. Finally, a 3D imbibition parameter cube is constructed to determine the parameter combinations in favor of strong water diffusion potential. By utilizing the analysis method based on the fractal theory, we can effectively evaluate the imbibition potential. It is helpful to provide a guidance to evaluate the water imbibition to gas production.

Single-ion activity: a nonthermodynamically measurable quantity

Ionic liquid salt bridge (ILSB) that effectively minimizes the liquid junction potential in a galvanic cell articulates the nonthermodynamic measurability of single-ion activity. Points for further improvement of the stability of ILSB are summarized, and associated intriguing phenomena at the ILSB-W interface are described.

Electric and dielectric parameters in Au/n-Si (MS) capacitors with metal oxide-polymer interlayer as function of frequency and voltage

In the present work, Au/(MgO-PVP)/n-Si (MPS) capacitors were fabricated and their electric and dielectric parameters were examined via impedance spectroscopy method (ISM) and compared with each other between – 2 and 3 V biases and 10 kHz/5 MHz frequencies. Both the capacitance (C) and conductance (G/ω) values have large dispersion in inversion, depletion, and accumulation regions due to the existence of surface states/traps (Nss/Dit), interface/dipole polarizations, series resistance (Rs), and (MgO-PVP) organic interlayer. Among them, Nss and polarization are effective in inversion and depletion regions at low–intermediate frequencies, but Rs and interlayer are effective only at accumulation region at high frequencies. The voltage and frequency-dependent Nss and Rs were extracted from the Hill–Coleman and Nicollian–Brews methods, respectively. Some basic electrical parameters such as diffusion potential (VD), Fermi energy (EF), depletion region width (WD), and barrier height (ΦB) were calculated from the intercept and slope of the linear regimes C−2–V curves as function of frequency. Additionally, the real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant (e*), complex electric modulus (M*), and ac conductivity (σac) were extracted from the C and G/ω data as function of frequency and voltage. The e' value of the (MgO-PVP) interlayer was found as 5.0 even at 10 kHz which is very high when compared conventional insulator layer by traditional method such as SiO2 above 10 kHz in respect of easy grown processes, low cost, flexibility and high mechanical strength. These results show that the used (MgO-PVP) polymer interlayer leads to a large polarization and more storage charges/energy in the MPS-type capacitors rather than MOS capacitors.

Tumor venéreo transmisible en la córnea de un perro: reporte de caso

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) consists of a round cell neoplasm with great potential for diffusion among dogs, regardless of sex, adults and sexually active. In most cases, the tumor develope itself on the external side of the genitalia of dogs, but it can affect other parts of the body of animals through metastasis or implantation by contact. The neoplasm has no racial predisposition despite the fact that SRD dogs are the most commonly affected. The objective was to describe the care of an adult male dog diagnosed with a transmissible venereal tumor in the cornea of the left eye. The animal arrived at the Veterinary Clinic of PUCPR presenting a new formation of firm consistency and pink appearance, with the presence of granulation tissue, covering the entire left ocular surface and implanted in the region. The diagnosis was made by means of cytology to print in color in the fast panotic and submitted to microscopy that revealed the presence of round tumor cells with scarce cytoplasm and a large rounded nucleus with the presence of mitotics figures at the bottom of the substance. The patient was submitted to chemotherapy by means of Vincristine Sulfate associated with Ivermectin 1% as a potentiating agent of Vincristine antineoplastic effect and immunostimulating drug, in a total of six sessions, achieving total remission of neoplasia and full recovery of the vision of the affected eye. This work demonstrates the importance of diagnosis, the therapy used and the results obtained through antineoplastic therapy.

Shifting-reference concentration cells to refine composition-dependent transport characterization of binary lithium-ion electrolytes

We present a novel ‘shifting-reference concentration-cell’ method, altering the traditional protocol for measuring liquid-junction potentials by using a sequence of reference concentrations in regularly spaced intervals, rather than a fixed reference. The method, applied to solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in propylene carbonate (PC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) at 25 °C, helps to determine thermodynamic factors more accurately, and is useful across a wider concentration range. For LiPF6:PC, good agreement with prior fixed-reference measurements is shown, and new data at low concentrations is consistent with Debye–Hückel theory. Original composition-dependent property correlations are produced for LiPF6:EMC up to 2 M, including the density and thermodynamic factor, as well as isothermal-transport properties such as transference number, conductivity, diffusivity, and viscosity. Polarization-relaxation simulations validate these correlations. For LiPF6:EMC, the low thermodynamic factor and cation/anion Stefan–Maxwell diffusivity, as well as Walden analysis, suggest that ion association dominates, even at high dilution.