Diffusion-driven Growth Research Articles

1608 低電流密度で電気メッキにより作成したニッケル薄膜の AFM 研究

We have studied the kinetic surface roughening of nickel films electrodeposited on ITO glasses at alow current density using atomic force microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction. The AFM images of the nickel films exhibited the scaling relations represented by the growth exponent β=078±0.03 and the roughness exponent α=0.96±0.04 that is in good agreement with the prediction by the diffusion-driven growth model. Electron and X-ray diffraction revealed a preferred growth orientation of the electrodeposited nickel films, which gives an explanation for the growth exponent β greater than 1/2.

Late stage kinetics of a phase separation induced by a cw laser wave in binary liquid mixtures

cw laser waves can be used to locally induce phase transitions. We investigate experimentally and theoretically a laser-driven liquid-liquid phase separation in a micellar phase of microemulsion and analyze its late stage kinetics. The medium is optically quenched in composition in the metastable region of the phase diagram. Two processes can lead to these concentration variations: electrostriction and thermodiffusion. The first originates from induced dipolar couplings in a field gradient. The second corresponds to a variation in concentration driven by a small thermal gradient. Since the nucleated droplets are optically trapped by the beam, we show that it becomes possible to experimentally analyze an academic situation, i.e., the diffusion-driven growth of a single droplet in compensated gravity. The late stage of this kinetics can be divided into two parts, a bulk behavior and a regime controlled by the finite transverse size of the beam. The bulk regime is totally analogous to that observed in classical situations (R proportional, variant t(1/3), where R is the droplet radius and t the time), and the scaling of the amplitudes in terms of reduced length and time scales is in total agreement with the expected behaviors for fluids belonging to the same Ising universality class. Moreover, the Gaussian beam behaves as an optical bottle with "soft walls" in which the absence of rigid boundaries, and thus of wetting couplings, allows an intrinsic description of the influence of finite-size effects on the kinetics. The beam size breaks the dynamic universality when the growing domains start to feel it. We experimentally investigate the resulting slowing down, and a diffusion-driven model of the growth inside a laser wave is built for comparison. The good agreement observed for the bulk regime and during its modification induced by finite-size effects opens a promising field for the development of this new application of laser waves to control out-of-equilibrium liquid mixtures.

On the diffusion-driven growth: The perturbed sphere problem revisited

A growth process driven by stationary diffusion field is considered to be a consequence of the mass conservation law. A correct expression for the growth velocity is derived and applied to a specific model of the perturbed sphere. It is studied in the linear regime, for which all corrections are consequently taken into account and graphically demonstrated. A critical discussion and confrontation with some statements in the literature is carried out.