Movement Difficulties Research Articles

The Mechanistic Role of Thymoquinone in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroprotection in Pre-Clinical Studies.

Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the leading phytochemicals, which is abundantly found in Nigella sativa L. seeds. TQ exhibited various biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumoral in several pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with movement difficulties, and the common feature of neurodegeneration in PD patients is caused by dopaminergic neural damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuroprotective activity of TQ has been studied in various neurological disorders. TQ-mediated neuroprotection against PD is yet to be reported in a single frame; therefore, this review is intended to narrate the potentiality of TQ in the therapy of PD. TQ has been shown to protect against neurotoxins via amelioration of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, thereby protecting neurodegeneration in PD models. TQ could be an emerging therapeutic intervention in PD management, but mechanistic studies remain to be investigated to clarify its neuroprotective role.

A Prototype of Motorizing Unit for Attending Type Movement Support Apparatus Composed of Frequent Use Drive Unit and Commercial Parts

In our research group, we are developing the electric movement support apparatus for children, who have difficulty in movement. The aim is to support the development of the cognitive ability and emotion of children, through their moving experience by themself, from childhood. In this study, first, we propose a multiuse driving unit and, using this unit, we produce some electric movement support apparatus, for example, the electric moving base for infants, the front wheel drive type powered wheelchair, the motorizing unit for the assistance use moving support apparatus, and the electric moving support apparatus to use with a standing posture. Furthermore, we demonstrate a prototype of the motorizing unit for the assistance use moving support apparatus, which is composed of the multiuse driving unit and commercial parts. The proposed approaches are useful for the discount of the production cost of the electric movement support apparatus and for the popularization of the early movement experience using electric powered apparatuses.

Non Vascularised Fibula Strut Graft Augmentation for Fixation of Proximal Humerus 3-Part Fracture using PHILOS Plate and CC Screws in a Young Male

Proximal humerus fracture accounts for 4-5% of all fractures. Locking Compression Plate (LCP) Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System (PHILOS) fixation is currently the most widely used method for the management of unstable proximal humerus fractures. LCP system of the proximal humerus is better than other available implants because of better anatomic design, fixed angulated configuration of locking screws, rotational and angular stability. This case report was of a 35-year-old male who presented with pain, swelling and difficulty in movement at the right shoulder, after a road traffic accident. Plain radiograph of right shoulder (anteroposterior) view revealed displaced 3-part proximal humerus fracture (humeral head with lesser tuberosity, greater tuberosity and shaft). It was managed with philos plate, Cannulated Compression (CC) Screws and non vascularised fibular strut graft. At two years follow-up, patient showed good shoulder range of motion with no complication.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORBITAL VOLUMES CALCULATIONS AFTER TRAUMATIC INJURIES BASED ON CT DATA

To present a case of a 56 y.o. male with maxillo-facial trauma after falling from heights and the possibility to choice the treatment tactics based on CT volume calculation. Material and methods. Patient N., 56 years old, came to the clinic 3 days after the injury – a fall from heights. During the examination in the clinic, the patient did not have visual impairments and difficulties in eye movement. We performed MSCT of the maxillofacial region, which revealed radiological signs of fractures of the lower and lateral walls of the right orbit. In order to determine further treatment tactics for this patient (surgical treatment or conservative therapy), the authors performed additional processing of MSCT data in order to obtain clarifying diagnostic information. Results. The authors performed the calculation of orbital volumes and confirmed the possible minimal risk of post-traumatic complications such as enophthalmos and hypophthalmos. It was decided to treat the patient conservatively. The long-term follow-up MSCT study confirmed the correct management of a patient with orbital trauma in terms of restoration of the right orbit walls with minimal volumetric change. Conclusion. This case highlights the advantage of using new techniques of CT data processing in daily practice.

Signal Recognition Based on APSO-RBF Neural Network to Assist Athlete's Competitive Ability Evaluation.

The advanced analysis and research methods of big data will provide theoretical support for the integration of athletes' talent training. The advanced technological methods of big data will also give full play to the advantages of tapping the potential of talents and actively improve the success rate of grassroots young athletes. This paper proposes an improved Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm for the optimization of radial basis function (RBF) neural network parameters. The basic structure of RBF neural network is introduced, and the influence of parameters on the performance of RBF neural network is analyzed. The optimization method of RBF neural network parameters is analyzed, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is selected as the parameter optimization method of RBF neural network. In addition, an improved APSO algorithm is proposed according to the advantages and disadvantages of PSO and compared with other PSO algorithms. Experimental results show that the improved PSO algorithm has better accuracy. The improved PSO algorithm is applied to the parameter optimization of RBF neural network, and the experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed method. By weighting the second-level indicators, the weights of the second-level indicators of athletes' competitive ability are in order of skill, athletic quality, psychological ability, and artistic expression. Skills are the main factors that determine the level of competitive ability. Sports quality and psychological ability are important guarantees for supporting the normal performance of skills. Artistic expressiveness is a supplementary factor for competitive ability. The various elements cooperate with each other and interact with each other. The indicators do not exist alone but cooperate with each other to support the formation of the entire athletic ability system. In the content of the competitive ability index of excellent athletes, technical ability is the core, and sports quality, psychological ability, and artistic performance ability ultimately exist to serve the improvement of technical ability. The competition scores of the 100 athletes counted in this article are all above 9.0 points. The difference between APSO-RBF's action quality scores of 100 athletes and the real value is less than 3%. In terms of movement difficulty, the APSO-RBF evaluated athletes' scores are close to 1.65 points, which is basically the same as the real value.

Evaluation of walkability and mobility requirements of visually impaired people in urban spaces

The objective of this work is to evaluate the walkability of urban environments from the perspective of visually impaired people, developing a qualitative analysis based on Commented Paths Method (CPM) to derive subjective evaluations from the practical experience of specific paths. Multiple-choice questions, in applying Likert scale were used to assess physical characteristics (e.g. slope surface, sidewalk width) related to infrastructural elements of the analyzed path and their influence in the difficulty of movement, as well as interferences (e.g. need to stop, help from other people) and feelings (e.g. anxiety, tiredness) experimented along it. The elaboration of single judgments allowed the calculation of disaggregated and global Walkability Indices and the elaboration of associated thematic maps, as an innovative integration of the method, to highlight the critical aspects related to each stretch in which the path was divided.Results deriving by the implementation of a case study in the city of Enna (Italy) have revealed a greater weight to infrastructural criticalities with respect to perceived interferences, demonstrating coherence with the current situation of the analyzed area and increasing the study's validity. The research moves towards more inclusive public policies, capturing the subjective point of view of this specific target of users with visual disabilities, which is fundamental in the construction of the knowledge and crucial to improved walkability for all.

Molecular dynamic properties and Insilico screening of neuroprotective activity of Clitoria ternatea against Glutamate receptors

Multiple sclerosis is a popular autoimmune disease attack mainly the Central nervous system. It attacks the age group of people from 20-50, mostly women are attacked than men. During multiple sclerosis, demyelination takes place along with axon damage and paralytic effect. Various symptoms of multiple sclerosis include muscle weakness, weak reflexes, muscle spasm, movement difficulty. Moreover, treatment of multiple sclerosis vai drugs includes various side effects. Medicinal plants possess many phytochemicals of greater therapeutic value and many of the possess effective to treat multiple sclerosis, Chemical constituents exhibit its effect over multiple sclerosis by inhibiting many proteins involved in demyelination. Molecular docking is a computational design approach which facilitates the best molecule from a group which may bind with the highest affinity with the intended target by providing a biological system. This process enables on the basis of the specific algorithm and involves a scoring function in order to rank molecules that fit the target. The study has been made to investigate the potential of phytochemicals from clitoria ternatea -inositol and quercetin as inhibitors of glutamate receptors. Drug likeness property determined based on molinspiration.com. The affinities of those selected chemical constituents over various glutamate receptor were studied for scoring function. Receptors with PDB code 1EQ8,4E0W,3KR2 were chosen to dock against the chemical constituent Inositol richest chemical constituent in Clitoria ternatea and scoring function was found to be -3.45,-4.56, -5.67kcal/mol.

Unusual Clinical Course of Odontoid Fracture: Transient Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest

Odontoid fracture is the most common type of cervical spine fracture in the elderly. Neurological injury due to odontoid fracture is uncommon, but if the injury is severe, it can lead to cardiac arrest. We present a case of odontoid fracture with transient cardiac arrest just after the fall, which fully recovered in a few minutes before arrival at the hospital.A 62-year-old man fell down on a street, and compressions were performed by a witness. On arrival of the emergency medical service, he showed pulseless electrical activity. After two minutes of cardiac resuscitation, he experienced a return of spontaneous circulation and was breathing spontaneously. On arrival at our hospital, his blood pressure was 171/106 mmHg, heart rate was 100 beats per minute, and respiratory rate was 12 times per minute, but he was at Glasgow Coma Scale 3 with an alcohol odor from exhaled breath. Six hours after admission, his level of consciousness improved, and he complained of neck pain and difficulty in movement of his arms and legs. CT revealed a fracture and posteriorly displaced C2 bone. MRI showed a hyper-intense area from C1 to C2. We made a diagnosis of spinal cord injury caused by an odontoid fracture that led to cardiac arrest.An odontoid fracture can cause transient cardiac arrest just after a fall. The possibility of odontoid fracture associated cervical spine injury should be considered in elderly and unconscious patients with minor trauma. Early CT cervical spine in selected patients can be helpful, especially in patients with cardiac arrest, even if it lasted for only a short prehospital period.

Clinical efficacy of Qi Di laxative decoction in the treatment of functional constipation: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Functional constipation (FC) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by slow bowel movement and defecation difficulties, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life and exerting heavy financial burden to whole society. However, more than 50% FC patients are not completely satisfied with current therapies and alternative therapies are urgently required. Increasing evidences have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine has a good therapeutic effect on FC, which is well known for its multitarget and multimode effects on diverse diseases as well as less side effects. Furthermore, studies proved that Qi Di Laxative Decoction was an effective treatment for FC. Its safety and effectiveness should be verified by further studies.Methods:We will search the following electronic databases for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Qi Di Laxative Decoction in treating FC: Wanfang and Pubmed Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Excerpta Medica database. Each database will be searched from inception to November 2020. The entire process will include study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analyses.Results:This proposed study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of Qi Di Laxative Decoction for patients with FC. The outcomes will include changes in FC relief and adverse effect.Conclusion:This proposed systematic review will evaluate the existing evidence on the clinical efficacy of Qi Di Laxative Decoction in treating FC.Dissemination and ethics:The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process.OSF Registration Number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/M2ESR

An analysis of movements with or without back bend of the trunk or large hip extension in 1st Juniors’ Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship-2019. Is there injury risk for gymnasts?

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine and compare the rate of use of body movement difficulties and elements with or without back band of the trunk or large hip extension of gymnasts who participated in the 1st Junior’s Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship-2019. A total of 244 routines of 136 individual rhythmic gymnasts were analysed. Analyses were made on rope, ball, clubs and ribbon apparatus, each consisting of 61 series. All body movement difficulties were determined according to their type (with or without back band of the trunk or large hip extension with trunk), overall repetition numbers and repetition numbers for each apparatus. The hyperextension group elements were also identified from the pre-acrobatic group or body waves. The hyperextension group elements, and total of number of elements and body difficulties together with hyperextension were significantly higher (with very large effect size:1.332–2.180; p < 0.05) than without hyper extensional body movement difficulties. It is thought that the use of hyperextension movements with such intensity may increase the risk of injury in collumna vertebralis and hip region in rhythmic gymnasts. Therefore, some changes about the movements requiring a high degree of flexibility should be made immediately in the completion rules.

EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT ON THE CONSOLIDATION OF ODS STEEL FeCrY2O3 PROCESSING WITH CAPSULATED SINTERING PROCESS.

EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT ON THE CONSOLIDATION OF ODS STEEL FeCrY2O3 PROCESSING WITH CAPSULATED SINTERING PROCESS. A new method on the synthesis of ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) steel for advanced nuclear material was performed by ultrasonic treatment to improve the consolidation process. The raw material of Fe, Cr and Y2O3powder with the composition of Fe-15 wt% Cr, 0.5 wt% and Ytria (Y2O3) as disperzoid were processed by the powder metallurgy method with the main process of pre-alloying, iso-compaction and sintering process. The pre-alloying process was carried out by mixing the alloying elements using ultrasonically treatment at frquency of 20 kHz with variation of 40, 50 and 60 % amplitude. Iso-compaction process was done using the load of 800 psi to obtain a pellet-shaped sample, then continued by the sintering process for consolidation. The sintering process was done in two stages, 1-step sintering and 2-steps sintering, using the heating furnace by putting the sample in a quartz capsule to prevent oxidation attack. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Micro-hardness tests were carried out to analyze the microstructure and phase formation in relation to the consolidation process. The highest hardness occurred in the addition of treatment with an amplitude of 60% which produces a micro structure with the most fine grain. For 1-step sintering process, the highest hardness of 134.51 VHN obtained at 40 % amplitude. The hardness of the alloy depends on the size of the grain boundary associated with the difficulty of the dislocation movement.

The Use of Virtual Reality Technologies in the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Systematic Review.

BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a serious and progressive disease affecting one in 3500-6000 live male births. The use of new virtual reality technologies has revolutionized the world of youth rehabilitation.ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review to study the effectiveness of the use of virtual reality systems applied in the rehabilitation of the upper limbs of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.MethodsBetween June 2018 and September 2019, we carried out a series of searches in 5 scientific databases: (1) PubMed, (2) Web of Science, (3) Scopus, (4) The Cochrane Library, and (5) MEDLINE via EBSCO. Two evaluators independently conducted the searches following the PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews for articles. Two independent evaluators collated the results. Article quality was determined using the PEDro scale.ResultsA total of 7 clinical trials were included in the final review. These studies used new technologies as tools for physiotherapeutic rehabilitation of the upper limbs of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Collectively, the studies showed improvement in functionality, quality of life, and motivation with the use of virtual reality technologies in the rehabilitation of upper limbs of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.ConclusionsThe treatment of neuromuscular diseases has changed in recent years, from palliative symptom management to preventive methods for capacity building. The use of virtual reality is beginning to be necessary in the treatment of progressive diseases involving movement difficulties, as it provides freedom and facilitates the improvement of results in capacity training. Given that new technologies are increasingly accessible, rehabilitation and physiotherapy programs can use these technologies more frequently, and virtual reality environments can be used to improve task performance, which is essential for people with disabilities. Ultimately, virtual reality can be a great tool for physiotherapy and can be used for Duchenne muscular dystrophy rehabilitation programs to improve patient performance during training.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42018102548; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=102548

Evaluation of Liquid Laboratory Cerebrospinal for Alzheimer’s Diagnosis and Parkinson

Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) are respectivamente chronic, progressive and incurable neurodegenerative diseases. AD is one of the most common forms of dementia and is related to the loss of cognitive function, memory Affecting, language and behavior. PD, in turn, Mainly Affects motor coordination, tremors Causing and Difficulties in movement. The diagnosis is based on the patient’s clinical history and behavioral observation, Which manifests in later stages of the disease. Magnetic resonance tomography and help in the investigation and exclusion of other pathologies. When other hypotheses are excluded, the doctor can confirm the diagnosis Then. It is called the differential diagnosis. In the search for more precious methods to investigate These diseases, diseases. Research on the socalled biomarkers CFS has shown promise and has a strong potential for clinical application in the near future, contributing to the advancement of medicine and the consequent improvement in the treatment of its carriers.

ASSESSMENT OF SENSORY PROCESSING CHARACTERISTICS IN CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN

ABSTRACT AIMS &amp; OBJECTIVES Children with cerebral palsy present with the complain of motor and sensory deficits. The movement and posture difficulties are well addressed by the rehabilitation team; however, sensory deficits remain unaddressed. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sensory processing characteristics in Spastic Diplegic children using Short Sensory Profile. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted at special education institutes/schools of Karachi. The Cerebral Palsy children with Spastic Diplegia aged 4-15 years were enrolled through Non-Probability Convenience Sampling Technique. Data was collected from parents/guardians of the participants using Short Sensory Profile questionnaire. RESULTS A sample of 70 participants was obtained out of 133 with a highest reported mean score of 17.38 in Tactile Sensitivity, while lowest in Taste/Smell and Movement Sensitivity i.e. 8.77 and 6.12 respectively. Moreover, a significant weak correlation was determined between Tactile and Movement Sensitivity (p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION It was found that all CP children enrolled in the study were showing Atypical sensory performance on Short Sensory Profile. Further investigation is required to establish psychometric properties of Short Sensory Profile on CP population and understand the correlation of sensory modulation impairments with functional performance for better intervention outcome for CP children.

Associations Between Disability and Breast or Cervical Cancers, Accounting for Screening Disparities.

Studies suggest that women with disability experience disparities in routine, high-value screening services, including mammograms and Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. However, few studies have explored whether women with disability have higher risks than other women of developing breast or cervical cancers. The authors analyzed 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018 National Health Interview Surveys, which involved civilian, noninstitutionalized US residents, and included supplemental surveys on cancer screening. The authors used self-reported functional status limitations to identify women without disability and women with movement difficulties (MDs) or complex activity limitations (CAL) predating breast or cervical cancer diagnoses. Multivariable models evaluated associations of disability status to cancer diagnosis, adjusting for other variables. Analyses used sampling weights, producing national estimates. The sample included 66,641 women; 24.4% reported MD and 14.5% reported CAL. Compared with women without disability, women with pre-existing MD or CAL had significantly higher rates of breast cancer (2.2% vs. 3.5% and 3.6%, respectively) and cervical cancer (0.6% vs. 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively). Women with disability had significantly lower recent mammography and Pap test rates than women without disability. After adjusting for all covariates, the values for odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of pre-existing CAL for cancer diagnoses were 1.21 (1.01-1.46; P=0.04) for breast cancer and 1.43 (1.04-1.99; P=0.03) for cervical cancer. Pre-existing disability is associated with a higher likelihood of breast and cervical cancer diagnoses, raising the urgency of eliminating disability disparities in mammography and Pap testing. Further research will need to explore the causes of these higher cancer rates.

Dosimetric Investigation Of Radiotherapy-Related Trigeminal Nerve Toxicity In Oral Cavity And Oropharynx Cancer

Trigeminal nerve (TGN) damage due to radiotherapy (RT) is an expected complication in head and neck cancer because of its anatomic location. In this study, in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer patients we aimed to investigate the dosimetric relationship between RT and TGN toxicity, that was previously observed in our study in parotid tumor patients. Nineteen patients treated with adjuvant or definitive RT between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. TGN including ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibulary branches was contoured subsequently on RT planning tomography scans by using the contouring guideline for TGN and its branches in head and neck cancer published in 2018. The dose volume histogram over total dose was generated in order to determine the maximum dose (Dmax) for TGN, max dose for remaining TGN extracted from PTV (PTV-TGN Dmax), the dose for specified volumes such as 0.1 cm3 (D0.1), 0.2 cm3 (D0.2) ), 0.5 cm3 (D0.5), 1 cm3 (D1) and 2 cm3 (D2) volumes and then the reflection of these doses on toxicity. TGN late toxicity was graded according to CTCAE v5.0. The median age was 64 years (range 24-85 years) and the mean follow-up was 50 months (range 35-65 months). Of the 19 patients, 13 patients (68%) developed grad I-III TGN toxicity distributed as grade I in 9 patients, grade II in 3 patients and grade III in 1 patient. The median duration of toxicity was 16 months after RT. TGN damage manifested itself as difficulty in jaw movements in 4 (30%), loss of sensation in 1 (8%), paresthesia in 5 (38%) and pain in 3 (23%) patients. The characteristics of patients are summarized in Table 1. The only clinical factor related with TGN toxicity was found to be the type of treatment (definitive CRT vs adjuvant CRT vs adjuvant RT (p = 0.034). The dosimetric parameters related with toxicity were total RT dose (p = 0.004), TGN Dmax (p = 0.002), PTV-TGN Dmax (p = 0.028), D2 (p = 0.001), D1 (p = 0.007), D0.5 (with p = 0.005), D0.2 (p = 0.001), and D0.1 (p = 0.001) doses respectively. In terms of TGN toxicity, threshold values for TGN Dmax, PTV-TGN Dmax, D0.1, D0.2, D0.5, D1 and D2 were detected to be as 67.5 Gy, 66.7 Gy, 64.9 Gy, 64 Gy, 63 Gy and 59.3 Gy, respectively. TGN late toxicity is an important complication of RT that has not been yet clearly defined in head and neck cancer. During RT planning, taking into account of cut off values which has correlated with our previous study may play a remarkable role.Abstract 3965; TableParametern (%)Gender Female Male8(42) 11(58)Tumor location5(26)Tongue2(11)Lower Lip2(11)Retromolar Trigon2(11)Hard Palate2(11)Buccal Mucosa1(5)Gingiva1(5)Base of mouth3(15)Tonsil1(5)Oropharynx undefinedStage I II III IVA IVB3(16) 3(16) 4(21) 8(42) 1(5)Histology SCC Mucoepithelial Carcinoma Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma16(84) 2(11) 1(5)LVI Positive Negative Unknown1(5) 14(74) 4(21)PNI Positive Negative Unknown5(26) 11(58) 3(16)Surgery margin Positive Close Negative13(68) 8(42) 1(5) 4(21)Treatment Procedure Definitive CRT Surgery + RT Surgery + CRT6(32) 5(26) 8(41) Open table in a new tab

Evaluation of Gait and Quality of Movement Analysis in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

A Child with developmental coordination disorder will have a higher incidence of movement difficulties and challenges to participate in activities of daily living. There is no exploration of the Gait pattern and the quality of movement exhibited by children’s of developmental coordination disorder in Tamilnadu context. Children's of age 5 to 10 years were included, and after baseline screening with Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorder-5 criteria, children were allowed for further examination. MABC-2 and DCDQ were used to screen and rate the movement skill. Of the total sample of 100, 80% exhibited difficulties in Gait initiation, progression and integration of motor skills. Results proved that sensory integration difficulties experienced by the children with DCD were not related to motor coordination. One hundred children included in the study experiences difficulties in participation with a peer group, awareness of body position sense, balance, and activity integration and planning. The current study concludes and adds evidence that each child with DCD is unique but presented with difficulties in gait initiation and integration.

The Arabic Fonseca Anamnestic Index: Psychometric properties and use for screening temporomandibular disorders in prospective orthodontic patients

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to develop/evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI-A) and estimate the prevalence of TMDs in prospective orthodontic patients. Methods The FAI-A was derived by forward-backward translation/cross-cultural adaption of the English FAI. Psychometric assessment of the FAI-A was performed with 308 orthodontic patients. Reliability was established via internal consistency and test-retest techniques, whereas, validity was verified by construct and convergent validity. Results Cronbach’s alpha value for the FAI-A was 0.77, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.99. For construct validity, the distribution of eigenvalues indicated that three items (mouth opening difficulty, jaw movement difficulty, and jaw fatigue) accounted for 60.5% of the total variance observed. For convergent validity, the FAI-A items were significantly correlated to the global question. Conclusion The FAI-A showed good reliability/validity and may be useful for screening TMDs. About 17% of prospective orthodontic patients presented with moderate-to-severe TMD symptoms.

Effect of Hypervitaminosis D3 on Liver, Kidney Functions in White Rats

The research was undertaken to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 on the liver and kidney functions through some haematological and biochemical parameters. The results illustrate that high doses (30000 and 50000 IU) of vitamin D3 significantly reduce the rats' body weights in about 46% additionally much of symptoms like weakness, the rigidity of limbs, neurological irritation, difficulty in movement, respiration and deaths occurrence. The results also showed that the high doses vitamin D3 has a significant decreased in Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs), Lymphocytes (Lymph), Monocytes (Mono), Granulocytes (GRA) and Platelets (PLT) compared with the control group. In contrast, the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) significantly increased after 20-30 days of treatment . Besides, the results demonstrated a significant decrease in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Total Protein (TP), Creatinine (Cr) and increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Urea. While albumin did not give any significant differences. As well the study proved significantly increase in serum vitamin D3 concentration compared with the control group after 20-30 days of treatment. Since vitamin D3 can be beneficial for the organisms, but the overdoses of the vitamin can alter some parameters in the body.

Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of functional constipation: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Functional constipation refers to constipation without organic lesions caused by dietary factors, mood depression, changes in life rules, and poor bowel habits. Clinically, constipation is mainly manifested by changes of stool texture, difficulty or lack of bowel movement, and dry stool. Sometimes, it can be accompanied by abdominal distension and abdominal discomfort. Chinese herbal compound is a prescription which is composed of 2 or more medicinal flavors and is designed for relatively certain diseases and syndromes. Clinical studies have shown that TCM compounds have a good therapeutic effect on functional constipation, but there is no evidence of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM compounds in the treatment of functional constipation, and to provide evidence-based basis for the clinical application of TCM compounds in the treatment of constipation.Methods:A systematic search was performed on English database (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese database (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu (VIP), CBM), in addition to the manual retrieval of Baidu and Google academic for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of functional constipation with Chinese herbal compound. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.Results:In this study, the efficacy and safety of TCM herbal compounds in the treatment of functional constipation were evaluated by the overall effective rate, recovery rate, colonic transmission function, and other indicators.Conclusions:This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of functional constipation.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/D5ECF.