Adjustment Difficulties Research Articles

Junior High School Students’ Difficulties in English Presentations and Adjustments in the Activity Environment:

Junior High School Students’ Difficulties in English Presentations and Adjustments in the Activity Environment:

Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Teaching Effect Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Neural Network Model

The important role of teaching evaluation system is embodied in: starting from the teaching goal and the vocational education teaching activities. This paper studies the optimization algorithm and optimization system, it not only makes the algorithm involve basic mathematical operations, and the computer support required for the data processing process is not high, but it also improves the evaluation of the degree of optimization. In view of these characteristics, this paper has conducted in‐depth research to fully prove the feasibility and superiority of the content of this article. The specific summary is as follows: (1) Introduced the design concept of particle swarm optimization teaching evaluation system. (2) The use of object‐oriented programming algorithms makes it easier for the algorithm to find an entry point, solve practical problems, and optimize the reusability of the algorithm method. (3) Particle swarm optimization based on quantum behavior, adjusting parameter values, the highest and the lowest, greatly reduces the difficulty of program parameter adjustment. (4) In terms of operation, it can quickly and efficiently complete the maintenance of teacher teaching information, evaluation relationship management of teacher teaching quality evaluation, evaluation content management, student evaluation, supervision evaluation, college leadership evaluation, evaluation performance management, and other operations. The interface is extremely humane. It adopts a web‐style tour method. There are many types of functions, and the system includes common functions required for general teacher teaching information management and quality evaluation, and while providing various functions, it closely integrates the various actual needs of the college. The security performance is good. The system provides user name and password verification, which improves the security of the system. Database management is convenient and fast, providing a database‐friendly management interface, and timely and accurate query. (5) This system adopts an object‐oriented development method. During the development process, full consideration of the user’s needs enabled the system to have powerful functions and streamlined procedures. In the end, this application software basically completed the goals required by the requirements analysis.

Verification of the Integrative Model of Adjustment to Chronic Conditions by Mapping it Onto the World Health Organization's International Classification of Function, Disability and Health.

Purpose:Literature regarding the WHO’s International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) has called for research into psychosocial adjustment processes. This project aims to establish the relevance of the Integrative Model of Adjustment to Chronic Conditions (IMACC) as a framework for research and a clinical tool in rehabilitation by linking it with the ICF.Methods:The study employed secondary analysis of data from the original IMACC grounded theory study, where 8 women and 2 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated. IMACC consists of 3 interconnected parts comprising a total of 13 components. Datasets used for the study consisted of the qualitative data underpinning each IMACC component. Meaningful concepts from each dataset were linked to ICF categories using the updated ICF linking rules.Results:Results showed that all 13 IMACC components accommodate ICF category codes from all health and health related ICF components in patterns consistent with the theoretical conceptualisation of each separate IMACC component.Conclusion:IMACC maps comprehensively to the ICF framework and provides a framework that may be useful for future ICF related research into biopsychosocial processes in psychosocial adjustment. IMACC provides a clinically applicable intervention for people with psychosocial adjustment difficulties consistent with the ICF framework.

Multiphasic process model of interventions: Revisiting school-based mental health provider responses to student’s mental health in the wake of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new stressors, which have led to adjustment difficulties or exacerbation of existing mental health concerns for many students and their families. Yet, school closings and social distancing measures pose barriers to obtaining mental health care through school-based mental health providers. The present manuscript aims to address many of these barriers through a model entitled, “Multiphasic Process Model of Interventions.” This model illustrates stressors and interventions corresponding to distinct COVID-19 and school closures phases (i.e., early, acute, reentry, and postphases) and describes ways school-based mental health providers can respond to students’ mental health needs within each phase. The manuscript is organized in three sections by phase: Section A: Stressors youth and their families faced during each phase, Section B: Theory-driven interventions to address corresponding stressors, and Section C: Application of the proposed model using a real student client as an example. These model components are described in ways that would allow for generalizability across diverse educational settings and large-scale social issues requiring intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2021 American Psychological Association

Developing a model of sexual satisfaction based on cognitive factors (shared sex, difficulty in emotional regulation, differentiation), social (trust in interpersonal relationship), moral (moral justice)

Aim: The main purpose of this study is to develop a model of sexual satisfaction based on cognitive, social and moral factors, and to clarify the importance of these factors in improving the quality of sexual satisfaction of healthier people. Method: This research is a structural equation in terms of applied purpose and descriptive method. The statistical population of this study included 300 people (129 men and 161 women) married and single who had sexual experience and ranged from diploma to doctorate. Data were obtained using Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, Adjustment Difficulties Questionnaire, Sexuality Questionnaire, Differentiation Scale Questionnaire, Interpersonal Trust Questionnaire and Moral Justice Questionnaire. All information obtained from this study was analyzed by SPSS software version 22 based on descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and standard deviation and the path analysis method was used. Results: The results showed that sexual satisfaction with shared sex according to the value of 0.427 with difficulty of emotional regulation to the value of 0.258, with differentiation to the value of 0.243, trust in interpersonal relationship to the value of 0.269, Moral justice in the amount of 0.175 is seen with sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Individual and interpersonal dimensions of human beings can affect sexual satisfaction. It is suggested that the necessary training be done according to different human dimensions in the form of a model that focuses on cognitive issues, interpersonal relationships and moral dimension and provide conditions for promoting sexual satisfaction and its continuation in a safe and healthy environment to continue. This route will help.

Consequences of Prematurity on Cortisol Regulation and Adjustment Difficulties: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study.

A preterm birth represents a stressful event having potentially negative long-term consequences. Thirty-three children born preterm (<33 weeks gestational age) and eleven full-term children participated in a nine-year longitudinal study. Perinatal Risk Inventory (PERI) was used at birth to assess the perinatal stress. Salivary cortisol, collected four times a day over two consecutive days, was measured with radioimmunoassay technique at six months and nine years to assess the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Mothers reported post-traumatic symptoms on a self-report questionnaire 12 months after their child’s birth and children’s adjustment problems at 9 years of child age on the Child Behavior Checklist. Results showed a significant difference in cortisol regulation at nine years between preterm and full-term children but no differences in adjustment problems. Whereas biological factors (i.e., PERI, cortisol regulation at six months) explained cortisol at nine years, maternal post-traumatic symptoms were predictive of adjustment problems in their child. In conclusion, very preterm birth has some long-term consequences on the HPA-axis regulation at nine years. Although cortisol regulation is mostly influenced by biological factors, the presence of maternal post-traumatic symptoms predicts the manifestation of adjustment problems in both groups. This shows the importance of maternal psychological well-being for child development. Further research is needed to understand the exact consequences of premature birth on cortisol regulation and the implication for the child’s development and health.

Development of a PPE visor for female healthcare workers

During the COVID-19 pandemic the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased dramatically. However, the lack of PPE designed specifically for women is leaving many without adequate protection, as current “universal” solutions fail to address female healthcare workers’ varied needs. Instead, current solutions present users with a host of problems, including discomfort, hindrance, incompatibility with other wearable items, and adjustment difficulties. This paper explores and reflects upon the design thinking approach used to develop a PPE visor for female healthcare workers while following a user-centred design approach/methodology.

Demoralisation and its link with depression, psychological adjustment and suicidality among cancer patients: A network psychometrics approach.

BackgroundDemoralisation is a clinically significant problem among cancer patients with a prevalence of 13%–18%. It is defined by difficulty in adjusting to a stressor, wherein the person feels trapped in their predicament and experiences helplessness, hopelessness, loss of confidence and loss of meaning in life. Demoralisation has a strong link with the desire for hastened death and suicidal ideation among the medically ill. This study explored whether a group of symptoms could be identified, distinct from depression, but consistent with adjustment difficulties with demoralisation and linked to ideation of death and suicide.MethodsExploratory Graph Analysis, a network psychometrics technique, was conducted on a large German study of 1529 cancer patients. Demoralisation was measured with the Demoralisation Scale II and depressive symptoms with the PHQ‐9.ResultsA network of symptoms, with four stable communities, was identified: 1. Loss of hope and meaning; 2. Non‐specific emotionality; 3. Entrapment; 4. Depressive symptoms. The first three communities were clearly distinct from the PHQ‐9 depressive symptoms, except for suicidality and fear of failure. Community 1, Loss of hope and meaning, had the strongest association with thoughts of death and suicide. Hopelessness, loss of role in life, tiredness, pointlessness and feeling trapped were the most central symptoms in the network.ConclusionsCommunities 1 to 3 are consistent with poor coping without anhedonia and other classic depression symptoms, but linked to suicidal ideation. For people facing the existential threat of cancer, this may indicate poor psychological adjustment to the stressors of their illness.

Отношение к болезни в семьях детей с деформациями позвоночника

Introduction Analysis of psycho-emotional aspects in children suffering from spinal deformities demonstrates a high level of dysfunctionality in mechanisms of personal and intra-family adjustment. There is a paucity of publications on the problem. Objectives included multidimensional psychometric assessment of parents' attitude toward children with spinal deformities and the correlation with psychological characteristics of patients. Material and methods Results of a survey performed for 45 patients who underwent operative treatment for spinal deformities of different etiology and their parents were reviewed. The patients' age ranged from 7 months to 17 years inclusive. Validated questionnaires used as survey tools included the "DOBR" questionnaire, FACES-3, SDQ and DERS. Patients were assigned to two age-related groups, Juniors aged from 7 months to 6 years inclusive and Seniors aged from 7 to 17 years inclusive. An intergroup and correlation analyses were performed in the study groups. Results Multidimensional analysis showed that parents of children with spinal deformities tend to downgrade the severity of the child's condition neglecting postoperative prescription standards that was more common for Seniors (p = 0.001). Parents look toward the maximum intra-family cohesion but do not have the necessary knowledge to achieve it. Emotional problems and social adjustment difficulties are more common for Seniors (p = 0.031). Conclusion Lack of adequate parental knowledge about the child's disease is the key factor behind the imbalance in intra-family functioning. Therapeutic intervention and parent management training can facilitate to psycho-emotional well-being in the family and postoperative improvements for maladapting children with spinal deformities.

Retirement Adjustment in Germany From 1996 to 2014

Abstract The context of retirement has changed over the last decades, but there is little knowledge on whether the quality of retirement adjustment has changed as well. Changes in retirement regulations and historical differences in resources may affect the quality of adjustment and increase inequalities between different socioeconomic groups. In the present study, we investigated historical differences in retirement adjustment by comparing cross-sectional samples of retirees from 1996, 2002, 2008, and 2014, based on the population-based German Ageing Survey. Adjustment was measured with three different indicators (perceived change in life after retirement, retirement satisfaction, adjustment difficulties). Retirement satisfaction was higher in later samples, but for the other two outcomes, there was no evidence for systematic increases or decreases in levels of retirement adjustment with historical time over the studied period. White-collar workers reported better adjustment than blue-collar workers did, and for two of three outcomes, this effect was stable over time. The white-collar workers’ advantage concerning retirement satisfaction, however, increased. We conclude that in Germany, at least for those who retire within the usual time window, adjustment quality has not changed systematically over the examined 18-year period. We only found mixed evidence for a growing social inequality in the retirement adjustment. However, as individual agency in choosing one’s retirement timing and pathway is increasingly restricted, social inequalities in well-being before retirement may increase.

Domains of Cross-Cultural Adjustment

This study examines the dimensionality of a new measure of international students’ adjustment using a sample of 189 international students from a public European University. Drawing on earlier conceptualizations of cross-cultural adjustment as a person-environment fit and a previous scale measuring adjustment from the expatriate literature, this study shows that this scale can be meaningfully adapted to the higher education context. Confirmatory factor analyses identified a stable 8-factor structure with adequate psychometric properties. Descriptive analysis confirms that international students are fairly adjusted in a number of distinct domains. The findings provide criterion-related validity by showing positive associations between host social interaction and host connectedness and students’ adjustment. This study contributes offers a theoretically based scale that assesses international students’ adjustment on a wide range of dimensions. It puts forward a useful tool for higher education counsellors and support services to monitor international students’ adjustment and avoid adjustment difficulties.

Validation of the French ADNM-20 in the assessment of emotional difficulties resulting from COVID-19 quarantine and outbreak

BackgroundMultiple psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine have been described. However, there is a lack of global conceptualization. We argue that the stressful aspects of the situation, the multiple environmental consequences of the outbreak, and the diversity of symptoms observed in such a situation, suggest that Adjustment disorder (AD) is a promising way to conceptualize the psychological consequences of the outbreak and quarantine. The first aim of the study was to validate the French version of the ADNM. The second aim was to set out adjustment difficulties resulting from COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine.MethodWe recruited 1010 (840 women, 170 men) who consented online to participate. They filled out the French ADNM, visual analogic scales, HADS, IES, and the COPE, to evaluate coping strategies.ResultsWe confirmed the factor structure of the ADNM and we found good psychometric properties. We found that 61.3% of participants presented an adjustment disorder related to COVID-19 outbreak. We found multiple risk factors and protective factors to AD due to quarantine and outbreak. We also identified the coping strategies negatively and positively associated with AD.ConclusionAdjustment disorder is a relevant concept to understand psychological manifestations caused by quarantine and outbreak. The French ANDM has good psychometric properties to evaluate such manifestations. The association between coping strategies and AD symptoms suggest that CBT may be the best intervention to help people suffering from AD.

Compact dark-field confocal microscopy based on an annular beam with orbital angular momentum.

This study proposes a dark-field confocal microscopy (DFCM) based on fiber-mode excitation-assisted orbital angular momentum annular beam generation with a two-mode fiber to avoid diffraction distortion. The application of optical fibers compresses the DFCM volume, providing new ideas for system miniaturization. System adjustment difficulty is reduced and feasibility is verified by imaging 2D and 3D samples. High imaging contrast is achieved by fully blocking the reflected light and annular illumination with a steady central dark-spot within a propagation distance of 3 m. The application of our scheme can be further extended to detect subsurface defects in optical components and high-contrast biological imaging.

Emotional Development Questionnaire for Primary Education (CDE_9–13)

This study presents the construction of the Emotional Development Questionnaire (CDE_9–13) and examines its psychometric properties. This questionnaire measures the emotional competence and its five dimensions—emotional awareness, emotional regulation, emotional autonomy, social competence, and life and well-being competence—of boys and girls from 9 to 13 years of age. Its construction followed the guidelines of the International Test Commission. The final version consists of 41 items. The total sample is 1905 boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 13, although partial samples have been used for specific analyses. Various studies have been carried out to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the instrument: the calculation of the reliability coefficient, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the correlational comparison of the CDE_9–13 with recognized measures of emotional intelligence, personality, adjustment difficulties, and self-esteem. Likewise, a regression study has been carried out to confirm the incremental validity. The CDE_9–13 is a theoretically well-founded questionnaire with appropriate psychometric characteristics. Therefore, it is considered an optimal tool to assess emotional competence in interventions aimed at promoting mental health and well-being.

Optical Design of Improved Offner Imaging Spectrometer

An improved Offner imaging spectrometer was proposed based on the optical system characteristics of Offner imaging spectrometer, which can ensure perfect imaging quality in a wider annular region. The operating wavelength of the improved Offner imaging spectrometer ranges from 900nm to 1700nm, and the magnification is 1. Improved Offner imaging spectrometer can be obtained by changing the meniscus lens position and further optimizing the design. The results indicate that the improved Offner imaging spectrometer can effectively improve compactness and lightweight, and reduce the difficulty of optical adjustment, which is conducive to the stability of practical application.

Maternal Emotional Reminiscing, Child Autobiographical Memory, and Their Associations with Pre-Schoolers’ Socioemotional Functioning

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the possible indirect pathway between maternal reminiscing style and child socioemotional functioning (prosocial behaviors and emotional adjustment difficulties) through children’s autobiographical memory (elaboration and specificity). A secondary exploratory aim was to examine whether cultural context moderated these indirect effects. Participants included 94 mother-child dyads drawn from middle- and high-income families in China and Australia. The dyads completed measures of child memory specificity, maternal report of child socioemotional functioning, and a shared emotional reminiscing task that assessed child memory elaboration and maternal sensitive guidance. Path analysis results indicated an indirect effect of maternal supportive reminiscing via child memory elaboration (but not memory specificity) on children’s prosocial behaviors, regardless of the cultural group. However, there was no evidence to suggest an indirect pathway between maternal supportive reminiscing and child adjustment difficulties (or prosocial behaviors) through child memory specificity in either cultural context. These findings provide preliminary support to the recent conceptualization of an indirect pathway between maternal sensitive guidance during emotional reminiscing and children’s prosocial behaviors through child memory elaboration. However, it is important to note that the cross-sectional design limits the causal inferences that can be drawn from the findings. The implications for memory specificity in child socioemotional functioning were less clear and indicated a need for further research in this area.

Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study.

To estimate specific proximal and distal effects of COVID-19-related restrictions on families on children’s adjustment problems, we conducted a six-site international study. In total, 2516 parents from Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America living with a young child (Mage = 5.77, SD = 1.10, range = 3 to 8 years, 47.9% female) completed an online survey between April and July 2020. The survey included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and family risk factors (parent distress, parent–child conflict, couple conflict, and household chaos) as well as a scale to index COVID-19-related family disruption. Our analyses also included public data on the stringency of national restrictions. Across the six sites, parental responses indicated elevated levels of hyperactivity, conduct, and emotion problems in children from families characterized by heightened levels of parent distress, parent–child conflict, and household chaos. In contrast, increased peer problems were more strongly related to COVID-19-related social disruption and stringency measures. Mediation models demonstrated that associations between COVID-19 social disruption and child difficulties could be explained by parental distress. Taken together, these results suggest that although the experience of the pandemic differed across countries, associations between COVID-19-related family experiences and child adjustment difficulties were similar in their nature and magnitude across six different contexts. Programs to support family resilience could help buffer the impact of the pandemic for two generations.

Coparenting Problems and Parenting Behavior as Mediating Links Between Interparental Conflict and Toddlers' Adjustment Difficulties in Germany.

Objective: Interparental conflict has long been acknowledged as a major risk factor for the well-being of children. Empirical studies reveal clear associations between children's maladjustment and frequent destructive conflicts between their parents (van Eldik et al., 2020). Existing research suggests that interparental conflict spills over from the couple to the coparental relationship, undermining parents' skills to cooperate and their parenting competencies. This study addresses the effects of interparental conflict on the behavioral and emotional problems of toddlers. Methods: The analyses were based on longitudinal data from the German Family Panel pairfam. The sample comprised information on N = 828 anchor participants (59.9 % female) and their 3- to 5-year-old children. Results: As expected, the effects of interparental conflict on children's behavioral and emotional problems were mediated by coparenting problems and in part also by negative parenting. Further analyses comparing mothers and fathers revealed a stronger direct path of interparental conflict on coparenting for mothers. Conclusions: The findings provide support for the significance of the interparental relationship and coparenting quality for child development, even in this young age group, and point to the importance of early prevention.

Stressful life events in pregnancy and sleep problems in childhood: Evidence from the ELSPAC Cohort

Abstract Background Childhood sleep problems have been associated with adjustment difficulties; furthermore, early-onset sleep problems may persist over the life course. Exposure to stress during pregnancy may be a risk factor for developing sleep problems in childhood due to its effect on the stress reactivity in the child. In the current study, we examined the association between prenatal stressful life events (SLE) and childhood sleep problems, paying attention to their trajectory over time. Methods Data were obtained from the European Longitudinal Cohort Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC-CZ; N = 4,371 mother-child dyads). Mothers reported SLE during pregnancy using an inventory of 42 life events and the number of child sleep problems at the child's age of 18 months and 3, 5, 7, and 11 years. The association between prenatal SLE and the developmental course of sleep problems was examined using a Poisson latent growth model. The model was adjusted for maternal and family demographics, birth characteristics, and maternal depression. Results At 18 months, mothers reported on average 2.01 sleep problems (range 0-7, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The rate of sleep problems decreased linearly by 0.89 (p &amp;lt; 0.001) per year. A higher number of prenatal SLE was associated with a higher rate of sleep problems at 18 months (rate ratio [RR]=1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.02, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and significantly reduced rate of decrease in sleep problems from 18 months to 11 years (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions Exposure to prenatal SLE was associated with a higher number of sleep problems in early childhood and with their persistence over time. Thus, experiencing prenatal stress may serve as a predisposing factor for the development of sleep problems later in life. Key messages Children of mothers who experienced stressful life events in pregnancy had more sleep problems during childhood. Prenatal exposure to stress may predispose individuals to sleep problems later in life.

South Korean college freshmen students' perceptions of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Happiness is an important factor influencing academic performance, and many college freshmen have experienced adjustment difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied Q methodology to explore South Korean freshmen students' perceptions of happiness in 2020. Participants were divided into three groups according to perceptions of happiness: (a) those who considered relationships as vital for happiness, (b) those who considered freedom to have new experiences as vital for happiness, and (c) those who considered setting and achieving goals as vital for happiness. These findings can serve as basic data for the development of curricula and programs to help college freshmen adapt to college life.