Difficult Stage Research Articles

Yevheniia Markushyna.

"My biggest inspiration is the diversity and beauty of the world … My favorite thing about my lab group is the level of independency, responsibility, and trust given to each member …" Find out more about Yevheniia Markushyna in her Introducing … Profile.

User-centered requirements engineering to manage the fuzzy front-end of open innovation in e-health: A study on support systems for seniors’ physical activity

BackgroundAlthough e-health potentials for improving health systems in their safety, quality and efficiency has been acknowledged, a large gap between the postulated and empirically demonstrated benefits of e-health technologies has been ascertained. E-health development has classically been technology-driven, often resulting in the design of devices and applications that ignore the complexity of the real-world setting, thus leading to slow diffusion of innovations to care. Therefore, e-health innovation needs to consider the mentioned complexity already from the start. The early phases of innovation, fuzzy front-end (FFE) defined as “the period between when an opportunity is first considered and when an idea is judged ready for development” has been identified to have the highest impact on the innovation process and its outcome. The FFE has been recognized as the most difficult stage to manage in the innovation process as it involves a high degree of uncertainty. Such a phase becomes even more difficult when different sectors and organizations are involved. Therefore, effective methods for involving different organizations and user groups in the FFE of innovation are needed. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to manage the FFE of a collaborative, open innovation (OI) process, to define a software system supporting seniors’ physical activity (PA) by applying a framework of methods from software requirements engineering (RE) to elicit and analyze needs and requirements of users and stakeholders, as well as the context in which the system should be used. MethodsNeeds and requirements of three future user groups were explored through individual- and focus group interviews. Requirements were categorized and analyzed in a workshop with a multidisciplinary team: a system overview was produced by conceptual modelling using elicited functional requirements; high-level non-functional requirements were negotiated and prioritized. Scenario descriptions of system’s supportive roles in different phases of a behavioral change process were developed. ResultsUser-centered RE methods were successfully used to define a system and a high-level requirements description was developed based on needs and requirements from three identified user groups. The system aimed to support seniors’ motivation for PA and contained four complementary sub-systems. The outcome of the study was a Concept of Operations (ConOps) document that specified the high-level system requirements in a way that was understandable for stakeholders. This document was used both to identify and recruit suitable industrial partners for the following open innovation development and to facilitate communication and collaboration in the innovation process. ConclusionsApplying software RE methods and involving user groups in the early phases of OI can contribute to the development of new concepts that meet complex real-world requirements. Different user groups can complement each other in conveying needs and requirements from which systems can be designed. Empirical studies applying and exploring different methods used to define new e-health solutions can contribute with valuable knowledge about handling innovation FFE.

PRICING STRATEGIES FOR NEW AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS


 Pricing strategies differ for each stage of the product life cycle. Although each stage of product life has its own peculiarities and challenges, the most difficult and challenging stage is setting prices for new products. Therefore, this was the reason which aroused our curiosity to do a research which is based on the theoretical and practical plane on this issue.
 Initially, the literature of various authors who have contributed in the field of pricing policy for products and services in general was reviewed. Based on this analysis, a very good foundation has been laid to understand the role and importance of pricing for new products, and the most used pricing strategies for this category of products have described and analyzed. From the theoretical analysis, conclusions have been drawn which have served as a supporting basis of the practical part of the paper.
 To make this research more thorough, we reviewed a special case study of the local manufacturing company Pestova l.l.c, which managed to launch several new products in the market of Kosovo and the Region. In this case study, the pricing strategies that this company has selected for the products launched in the market were analyzed.
 Finally, the conclusions that have emerged as a result of the analysis and the literature review and the concrete data obtained from the case study for the company Pestova are provided.

Uniportal thoracoscopic surgery for difficult late stage empyema: Case series

Early, aggressive, and minimally invasive approach is an advanced surgical approach for chronic empyema management. The traditional video-assisted technique is considered superior over open thoracotomy for empyema management; however, with further modification, the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UVATS) has greater advantage for surgeons, providing better anatomical view of target tissues, allowing bimanual instrumentation similar to open approach, and nullifying the creation of dihedral angle by instruments that are not favorable in traditional VATS. The present case series describes different clinical scenarios including chronic empyema secondary to traumatic hemothorax, recurrent tubercular empyema following postoperative open decortication, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus chronic empyema in pediatric patient, which are effectively managed with UVATS approach.

ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНІ ПАРАМЕТРИ ПОСІВІВ ПШЕНИЦІ ТВЕРДОЇ ОЗИМОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СОРТУ

Under different weather conditions, not all plant varieties successfully adapt to agro-ecosystems. Given that, wheat is the most important food crop It is important to study the possibility of its adaptation to climatic conditions. The choice of plant variety is the first, most important and most difficult stage for wheat producers. Aim. To study the parameters of photosynthetic activity of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The article presents the formation of photosynthetic parameters (length, leaf width, number of leaves on one stem, area of one leaf, area of one stem, leaf surface area, apical leaf parameters) of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety. The length and width of durum winter wheat leaves varied significantly depending on the variety and stage of plant growth. On the average for three years of researches the number of leaves on one stem in the tillering stage was 4.1–4.5 pieces depending on the variety. In the booting stage, this indicator was the lowest – 3.1–3.3 pieces, and in the earing stage of all varieties was at the level of 4.0 pieces. The number of leaves on the stem almost did not change during the milk stage of grain – 3.9–4.0 pieces. The parameters of the apical leaf also varied significantly with weather conditions. The area of apical leaves in 2013 in the standard and studied varieties was 5.9 and 5.5–7.3 thousand m2/ha, respectively. In the following 2014, the leaf area indicator was higher than in 2013 by 51–60%. The increase in leaf area in durum winter wheat in 2014 is due to the formation of a higher number of stems compared to 2013. Conclusions. Photosynthetic parameters of durum winter wheat plantings have features. The number of leaves on one stem changed the least depending on the year of study, as the variation coefficient was insignificant (V = 1.7–3.6 %). The length and width of durum wheat leaf varied in a wide range - V = 3.7–53.0 %. In the more favourable 2014, the leaf surface area was 40.1–71.0 thousand m2/ha in the earing stage, and in the less favourable – 15.9–29.0 thousand m2/ha in the earing and milk stages of grain depending on the variety. The area of apical leaves varies from 5.7–7.3 to 8.8–14.2 thousand m2/ha depending on the weather conditions of the season

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ У ПРОВІДНИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США ТА КАНАДИ ЯК ДОСВІД ДЛЯ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ

The article examines the features of legal education at leading universities in the United States and Canada as an experience for the Lviv University. Legal education at the University of Lviv dates back to January 20, 1661, when King of the Commonwealth Jan II Casimir issued a decree on the opening of a university in Lviv, which allowed to teach Roman and canon law. Consequently, this year we celebrate the 360th anniversary of the Lviv University as well as the Faculty of Law. It is noted that Roman law is the basis of many modern branches of law. The famous Roman jurist Celsius claimed: «Ius est ars boni et aegui» («Law is the art of good and justice»). So, where is law, there is justice, that is, a constant and definite will that gives everyone the right they deserve. Without justice, there can be no state, no smallest group of people, not even a small household. The perfection of the Roman legal system for many centuries has shown an example of how legal systems should be formed. Even direct borrowings from Roman law are allowed, of course, taking into account the national characteristics of each state, including Ukraine. It should be noted that Roman law has been and remains an important area of research since the establishment of the Faculty of Law of the Lviv University. His teachers in their works highlighted how Roman law became one of the components of modern European law. Legal education remains one of the important components of the domestic system of higher education, given the ongoing reforms in the state of political, legal, judicial systems, the development of market relations in the economy. Educational and scientific approaches to the teaching of law in various universities in the United States and Canada, which have managed to form a legal basis for better mastering and implementation of new methods for teaching law, are studied. In different countries, to obtain a degree in law, a student must immediately enter the first year of university in this specialty. To enter most universities, students only need to provide a high school diploma. In the United States, on the other hand, education is structured differently. The legal education system and law in the United States are regarded as a professional-academic field, which is equivalent to the master’s programs of most universities in the world. This means that students can enter universities in law only after obtaining a bachelor's degree. In addition, law schools in the United States are part of private and public universities. They give students the opportunity to earn a Juris Doctor (J. D.) degree. The Juris Doctor program lasts three years (full-time training) or four years (extramural studies). The most difficult stage of studying is the first course through specialized subjects, exams as well as the method of Socrates, which is used in teaching law to students. The Socrates method encourages many international students to study law at US universities. This method helps students to develop unique legal thinking and easily master the practical skills of a lawyer. The contribution to the development of legal education of Lviv lawyers is shown, the tendencies of forming the tradition of teaching law at the Lviv University in a comparative context with the USA and Canada, where higher legal education is the basis of education of civil servants, are revealed. Legal education aims at a comprehensive training of professionals – professionals in the field of jurisprudence, able to correctly interpret and apply the law, understand the position of law in all the intricacies of a particular life situation, make decisions based solely on the letter and spirit of the law, exercise their abilities and powers for the individual, society, state. Therefore, legal education today, in the context of modernization of the entire higher school, requires special attention in order to identify a set of issues related to the quality of training of lawyers, organizational and substantive aspects of the teaching process, the financial condition of higher education institutions.

Educational innovations in the context of forced digitalization in society during the pandemic

The paper analyzes the current realities that force governments and societies to turn to digital technologies, responding to the crisis in the short term, eliminating the socio-economic consequences in the medium term, and rethinking the existing system and its tools in the long term. To overcome this difficult stage, most educational institutions are forced to use digital services and communication channels. Digital technologies allowed society to avoid complete stagnation during the COVID-19 crisis as well as prompted to accelerate the process of introducing artificial intelligence into all everyday realities. The implemented research methods allowed us to obtain results that indicate that at the moment we are at a turning point in the digital transformation of all spheres of life, including education, and the success that population is able to adapt and overcome technological gaps will determine the shape of future economies, education and society in general after the COVID era. More and more users, both newly joined and permanent, are expanding the scope of Internet services and resources use at times, pursuing more and more previously irrelevant tasks, thereby significantly increasing the time of their stay on the Internet. While some believe that an unplanned and rapid transition to online learning with no training, insufficient bandwidth, and insufficient training will lead to a poor user experience that will not lead to sustainable growth, others believe that a new hybrid education model with significant benefits will emerge. Many schools and universities have already made successful transitions. However, some students without reliable internet access and / or technology are struggling to participate in digital learning and we are going to bridge this gap.

OPEN PRACTICE-ORIENTED TASKS AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION LITERACY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

The article deals with the actual problem of organizing the educational process aimed at developing information literacy in schoolchildren when studying mathematics at one of the most difficult stages of learning - at the stage of transition from primary to basic school. This paper describes some areas of information literacy development in primary school students; the analysis of the main groups of actions, with the help of which the ability of younger students to work with mathematical information can be formed; describes the results of the performance by younger students of a set of tasks aimed at the formation of information literacy based on the work of students with open practice-oriented tasks. The empirical experience of using the proposed methodology and the analysis of the results obtained made it possible to obtain data on the level of mastery of information literacy by younger students.

Особливості об’єктивного процесу освоєння земельних ринкових відносин

Goal. To determine the influence of political and socio-economic factors on the development of market land relations in Ukraine. Methods. General scientific, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, the logic of thinking. Results. In determining the value of resources in the market economy you should take into account the most important factor — land resource, which participates in the production of agricultural products, which confirms the economic importance of the land market. That guarantees a return on investment, as funds for land lease, acquisition and improvement will be directed to all activities of enterprises. The main task of the heads of regional governments, enterprises, and peasants is the skillful application of the principles of the approach to the use of this technique. Based on the levels of guaranteed prices, it will be possible to determine the types of products that will be sold on the organized market, which will allow managing revenues and expenses. Such support of agricultural production ensures the interest of the peasant in the production of a particular type of product through the price, allows to create additional jobs, make a profit to solve socio-economic problems of the village. No less important prerequisite in the organization of economic relations are forms of management. It is time to recognize that the land is managed by the farmer, and legally its production must be farming, able to operate effectively under the guidance of the owner. Conclusions. The development of land relations is an integral and important component of land agrarian reform in Ukraine, the continuation of which at the present difficult stage requires clear regulation with the determination of terms and principles of its improvement. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine must create conditions for the circulation of agricultural land with the practical implementation of organizational, economic, and legal measures, taking into account the timing of the organization of continuous inspections of their organizational and legal status. In particular, the state should determine the stages and mechanisms for the gradual abolition of various restrictions and establish a transition period of up to 10 years.

Informational Measures of the Shape of the Amoroso Distributions for the Research of Dispersed Materials

For the particle size distribution function various forms of exponential models are used to construct models of the properties of dispersed substance. The most difficult stage of applied research is to determine the shape of the particle distribution model. For the particle size distribution function various forms of exponential models are used to construct models of the properties of dispersed substance. The most difficult stage of applied research is to determine the shape of the particle distribution model. The article proposes a uniform model for setting the interval of information uncertainty of non-symmetric particle size distributions. Based on the analysis of statistical and information uncertainty intervals, new shape coefficients of distribution models are constructed, these are the entropy coefficients for shifted and non shifted distributions of the Amoroso family. Graphics of dependence of entropy coefficients of non-symmetrical distributions show that distributions well-known are distinguish at small of the shapes parameters. Also it is illustrated for parameters of the form more than 2 that it is preferable to use the entropy coefficients for the unshifted distributions.The material contains also information measures for the well-known logarithmic normal distribution which is a limiting case of distribution Amorozo.

Путь длиною в пять десятилетий.

This article, based on the current archive of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as the annual scientific reports, recreates the 50-year history of IHAE, shows the role of its directors in the formation and development of the Institute: Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences A.I. Krushanov, Academician of the RAS V.L. Larin and Corresponding Member of the RAS N.N. Kradin. Particular attention is paid to a difficult stage in the life of the country and historical science – the period of the 1990s. The liquidation of the CPSU, the fall of the Soviet system and the collapse of the USSR contributed to the crisis of historical science. During this period, the leaders of the IHAE FEB RAS faced quite difficult tasks: to provide funding for scientific research; retain the cadres of professional historians; to develop new methodological approaches and principles for the analysis of historical events and "blind spots" in the history of the Far East; determine the prospects for the future. All these tasks were successfully solved, and by 2000 the Institute regained the role of a scientific center uniting all historians of the Far Eastern region. Introduction. The reasons that led to the need to open an academic center of historical science in Vladivostok are stated: there was a process of intensive development of the region's natural resources; new industrial enterprises and universities were created; Far Eastern cities were renewed, the population grew; the ideological and military confrontation between the two “superpowers” grew, and relations between the USSR and China sharply deteriorated. In these conditions, the role of the humanitarian and ideological component of the social life of the region increased, which was to be formed by historical science. Methods. The content of the article is based on different methods of research, first of all the comparative-genetic method, a consistent presentation of the event series, related to the history of the formation and development of IHAE FEB RAS. Through the application of the narrative method, the history of the Institute's development under its three directors is more widely presented, the specifics of each of the directors and research areas of the staff are displayed. The use of the information method is particularly valuable for building an event series. The method of comparative-historical analysis is also used in the article's presentation. Results. This article was based primarily on the documents of the archive of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East of the FEB RAS, the annual scientific reports of the Institute and bibliographic indexes of the works of staff of IHAE. This made it possible to present the history of the Institute in all its completeness and contradictions, to show its importance as an academic center of historical science in the Far Eastern region, to determine the main directions of historical research in the future.

Improvement quality of preparation specialists in area of mathematical modeling

Improvement quality of preparation specialists in area of mathematical modeling is an actual problem in education students (especially applied) and non mathematical special-ties. For solving this problem must be used system and successive exposition of mainte-nance of the stages of building model with obligatory demonstration of there intercom-munications. Each stage of modeling makes some part of quality of model. Most difficult stage is idealization of original, because in this case the most important properties of original must be distinguished and the experimental samples of output of variables of original and calculation samples of model are got.. Main attention it must be spared to estimation of adequacy original and model with the help of famous nonparametric criteria such as criterion Wilcoxon and special criterion for small samples. This criterion is based on the statistical analysis of output variables of the model and original. At a necessity new structural or technological suggestions are developed for perfection of original. Last part of modeling usually is optimization parameters of original. The method of optimization is elected depending on the type of model and maintenance of task.Methodology of study, that provides a receipt of the deeper and complete under-standing of essence of mathematical modeling of technical objects is offered. Positive results are achieved by using method which is proposed.System exposition of material and accent during the teaching on research and proof adequacy of model allow to attain the deeper and complete understanding by students of essence of mathematical design of technical objects and promote efficiency of preparation of specialists in area of the applied mathematical modeling.

Geomechanical Measurements and Machine Learning Help Predict Trouble Stages

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201699, “Predicting Trouble Stages With Geomechanical Measurements and Machine Learning: A Case Study of Southern Midland Basin Horizontal Completions,” by Eric Romberg, SPE, Keban Engineering; Aaron Fisher, Tracker Resources; and Joel Mazza, SPE, Fracture ID, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Denver, 5–7 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Unexpected problems during completion create costs that can cause a well to be outside its planned authorization for expenditure, even uneconomic. These problems range from experiencing abnormally high pressures during treatment to casing failures. The authors of the complete paper use machine-learning methods combined with geomechanical, wellbore-trajectory, and completion data sets to develop models that predict which stages will experience difficulties during completion. Field Modeling and Well Planning The operator’s acreage is in the southeastern portion of the Midland Basin. In this area of the basin, the Wolfcamp B and C intervals often contain a significant amount of slope sediments and carbonate debris flows because of the proximity of the eastern shelf. These intervals cause significant drilling and completion issues. During the past 5 years, the operator acquired and licensed approximately 130 sq mile of 3D seismic data. In addition, the operator cored three wells, drilled six pilot wells with complete log suites, licensed 40 wells with a triple/quad combination, acquired data and surveys on 112 existing horizontal wells, and has 347 vertical wells with formation tops for depth control. This rich data set yielded a robust 3D reservoir model that was used to map a sequence of stacked, high-quality landing targets. Model-Aided Well-Completion Strategy. The operator often encountered difficult stages in the form of high breakdown pressures, high pumping pressures, and the inability to place proppant. On a few occasions, drilling out all plugs was not possible because of casing obstructions possibly related to fault activation during the stimulation. The operator began analyzing curvature and similarity volumes for potential fault/fracture identification near the difficult completion stages and compromised casing intervals. Drillbit geomechanics data collection was planned for all lateral wells. The geomechanical properties recorded were used to reduce risks during completions further by informing the plug and perforation stage design. Stages were planned to reduce variation in minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) within each stage. The geomechanical data also identified carbonate debris flows within the well path, allowing completion engineers to bypass rock considered unproductive. Completion Issues and Other Factors Contributing to Casing Deformation. From February 2017 through November 2019, the operator drilled and completed 28 Wolfcamp horizontal wells. The plug-and-perforation completion technique was used on all 28 wells. While drilling out composite fracturing plugs, casing obstruction was encountered in six of 28 wells. These obstructions limited the working internal diameter of the production casing and either prevented or inhibited access beyond the obstruction. In two of the Phase 1 wells, conventional drillout assemblies were not able to pass the obstructions.

Experiential psychotherapy methods when working with drug-addict adolescents

In the middle of age crisis of adolescence, many youngsters find their escape in toxicological substances, giving them the appearances of well being, fear loss, social kills abilities, even an entire other perspective on the reality surrounding them. There are various explanations for these profoundly negative tendencies at adolescents that are going to be discussed in this article. In order to decrease the drug-addiction tendencies, and, at the same time, to stop the maladaptative behaviours and regain the sanity balance, there are urgent needs of psychotherapy interventions, and this case study will discuss the experiential approach when dealing with drug-addictions at adolescents. The experiential psychotherapy is by far one of the most supportive, creative and secured approaches, where the case variables can be shifted like puzzle pieces for reorganise the whole picture on life experiences and identifying the missing pieces that needs to be gain in order to surpass the difficult and emotional consuming life stage, for regaining the sense in terms of personal identity and personal social life. There are some limits of the psychotherapy approach when dealing with a drug-abuse case, that are going to be discussed.Â

Paphiopedilum insigne Morphological and Physiological Features during In Vitro Rooting and Ex Vitro Acclimatization Depending on the Types of Auxin and Substrate.

To obtain healthy and good quality plants from in vitro cultivation, it is necessary to produce plantlets with well-developed rooting systems because they must undergo acclimatization, a final and a very difficult stage of micropropagation. In the present research, the effect of auxins NAA, IAA and IBA in concentrations of 0.5; 1; 2.5 and 5 mg·dm−3 on the Paphiopedilum insigne in vitro rooting was studied, and it was noted that 1 mg·dm−3 of IAA or IBA enabled the obtaining of a lot of rooted and good quality plantlets. The subsequent influence of the two most advantageous auxins on the acclimatization of plantlets in different substrates (sphagnum moss, sphagnum moss + substrate for orchids, substrate for orchids, substrate for orchids + acid peat) was tested, in the means of morphological features of plants and their physiological parameters, i.e., chlorophyll fluorescence (FV, Fm, Fv/Fm), stress enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), and water balance. Considering all the tested features, it might be stated that the best results were obtained when explants were rooted in vitro in the presence of 1 mg·dm−3 of IAA and then planted ex vitro in substrate for orchids.

Let’s understand the position of academic libraries in views of different users

This paper attempts to understand the position of academic libraries in views of different users include stakeholders, employer and service providers. Academic libraries have gone through computerization and then are practicing use of ICT. While functioning they are tackling variety of issues at a time and thus it has resulted it some confusion and difficult stage. Focusing on these issues few questions were asked to the experienced librarians and then views of different groups are discussed in the paper. Knowing difficult issues recommendations are suggested. There is need to counsel different user groups particularly students group is recommended in the paper. Keywords: Academic libraries, Users, Teaching and non-teaching staff and Library staff etc.

On the Occasion of the Anniversary of the editor-in-chief of the journal «Problems of Endocrinology» Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ivan I. Dedov

12 февраля 2021 г. отмечает юбилей академик РАН, выдающийся ученый с мировым именем Иван Иванович Дедов. Иван Иванович - ведущий клиницист эндокринолог, педагог, опытный организатор здравоохранения России. И. И. Дедов возглавил отечественную эндокринологию на сложном этапе ее развития. Под его руководством клиническая эндокринология, узкая, во многом второстепенная область, приобрела в настоящее время значение фундаментальной и приоритетной клинической дисциплины.Редакционная коллегия журнала «Проблемы эндокринологии» сердечно поздравляет своего главного редактора и желает ему здоровья и долгих плодотворных лет на благо отечественной эндокринологии.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Untuk Rekomendasi Topik Skripsi Dengan Metode Fuzzy AHP

The ability to produce a scientific work both journals, scientific articles and thesis is needed to support the competence of undergraduate students in a university. The existence of a thesis course in a number of universities is one of the efforts to train students in producing a scientific work. To arrive at the stage of making a thesis, a student must first study various kinds of courses in each study program. Choosing a thesis topic is one of the most difficult stages in the preparation of a thesis. This is because there are still many students who do not understand and know their interest and ability in one of the courses which will later be used as a topic in thesis preparation. The focus of this research is a decision support system that is able to answer student problems in determining thesis topics according to their abilities. The method used is a waterfall within the SDLC (system development life cycle) framework starting from system requirement, data collection, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The result of this research is the ability of the decision support system to provide recommendations for thesis topics according to th e abilities of students. The greatest weight is for A 5 students for Computer Networking interest of 1,410 while the smallest weight is for A 4 students for Multimedia interest of 0. 080 .

Managing the competitiveness of products at an industrial enterprise (on the example of JSC NPO Electropribor-Voronezh)

The article deals with the management of product competitiveness in an industrial enterprise. In market conditions, enterprises operate in conditions of fierce competition, and in this regard, one of the most important tasks is to ensure the competitiveness of products and the enterprise as a whole. Today, it is especially important for each enterprise to correctly assess the current market situation in order to offer effective means of competition that, on the one hand, would correspond to the current market situation in Russia and its development trends, on the other hand, to the specifics of a particular production. The most difficult stages of this work are the understanding of ways to achieve competitive advantages of the product and the development on this basis of measures to improve the competitiveness of products. All this makes the chosen research topic relevant. The experience of recent years suggests that not all domestic enterprises are ready to compete. Many, even with competitive products, due to the lack of practice of using the entire marketing mix, can not realize this advantage. At the same time, the competitive situation is becoming more and more complicated every year by the gradual expansion of the market boundaries and the involvement of foreign firms with significant experience in working in a highly competitive environment. Direct use of this experience in Russian enterprises is often difficult due to the lack of universal schemes of competitive behavior in the market. It should be noted that still has not developed a unified position on the choice of strategy of increase of competitiveness of enterprises in the period of crisis phenomena in the economy, formed the conceptual and methodological framework for such strategy, there are no studies about the influence of factors external and internal environment on the choice of strategy of increase of competitiveness of the enterprise in crisis conditions

DISTANCE LEARNING AS A TYPE OF SOCIAL STRESS FOR STUDENTS OF THE FOREIGN CITIZENS TRAINING FACULTY

For studying in a higher educational institution it is necessary to get used to living conditions in another country,it is a difficult stage of youth's life, especially under the conditions of distance learning. A student of the Faculty of Foreign citizens training, who has completely different traditions, customs, religions, has to adapt to the new rhythm of life, dynamics of education, way of life and work, their behavior,etc. Coexistence with friends, rivals, relatives, enemies, romantic partners, trying to meet the cultural norms of the country in which he/she studies, the performance of social roles provide the basis for frequent experience of stress. Factors of social nature that give rise to stress can be a sustainable part of cultural institutions and social roles and therefore act constantly (chronic stressors), and can be a consequence of single events in the social aspect. A large amount of new and specialized information, physical and psychological difficulties faced by a foreign student, lead to constant tension and a state of chronic stress. The modern educational system has changed so much over the past year that the student constantly needs to adapt to innovations, especially in conditions of distance learning, inability to clearly see and develop practical skills, which is very necessary for students of the School of Medicine. Unfortunately, stress is becoming an increasingly global problem especially among students and adversely affects their lives and health, quality of knowledge and skills. Students do not always have the opportunity to provide themselves with special layouts and dummies for studying, in particular, because of the stress of the educational process, students lose motivation to study and do not get pleasure from it, do not know how to apply skills in practice.
 Purpose: to study the presence of chronic social stress in students of the Foreign Citizens Training Faculty, which will be basic and necessary knowledge for employees of the dean's office of the Faculty of Foreign Citizens, because increasingly the administration of universities faces the question of the prevalence of mental health problems among foreign students; and identify factors influencing the success of medical students. The educational process under normal social conditions is a complex part of the overall process of educating a comprehensively developed individual. The article presents the results of an anonymous survey of 134 students of the 2-3 year of the Faculty of Foreign citizens' training department of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University on the reasons for unsatisfactory success in the study of practical disciplines. Respondents were asked to independently identify the reasons for inadequate assimilation of material in practical classes and lectures.
 Conclusions. The results of the questionnaire indicate the state of chronic tension of students, their state of social stress, due to not only new living conditions, but also frequent changes between periods of live communication during classes and distance learning conditions, exacerbations of chronic diseases, psychological problems in the group or/and family.