Difficult Material Research Articles

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti pada Tema Sifat Gereja Model Melalui Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Sungailiat

This Classroom Action Research was created with the aim of solving problems that occur in Catholic Religious Education learning which in some materials has difficulty in helping students master the desired competencies. The cause is the essence of the material which is abstract. One of the difficult materials is the material on the Nature of the Church. For this reason, a Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by Student Worksheets was attempted which after 2 cycles of research produced the desired results. In the attitude aspect which refers to one of the dimensions in the character of the Pancasila Student Profile, all students can experience improvement to be able to enter the category of at least Developing According to Expectations. And in the cognitive aspect, at the end of the cycle students can enter the proficient category

Improving the Use of Retrieval Practice for Both Easy and Difficult Materials: The Effect of an Instructional Intervention

Improving the Use of Retrieval Practice for Both Easy and Difficult Materials: The Effect of an Instructional Intervention

A Proposed Educational Program Based on the Integrated Entrance in the Classroom Management and its Impact on Cognitive Achievement for Fifth-class Primary Students

This research seeks to build a proposed educational program based on the integrated entrance in the management of the classroom and its impact on cognitive achievement for fifth-class primary students, and for the purpose of verifying the research goal, the two researchers used the descriptive approach because the research requires tools to collect information and data necessary for the current research, where the two researchers built an achievement test for its application to members of the sample of the experimental and control groups after the completion of the application of the educational program prepared by the two researchers for that purpose, and also used the semi -experimental curriculum that is partially controlling for two equal eyes where the two researchers built a proposed program to apply it to the experimental group for the current research . The current research reached the following results: 1- The story and acting methods made the difficult material flexible, entertaining and more depth to link it to the surrounding environment and the daily characteristics of stories and representative roles. 2- The educational program and the patterns of classroom management for the current research help strengthen the bonds of social relations between students themselves and between them and the professors. 3- The program shares by raising the level of achievement for students significantly. The two researchers used many statistical means, including: Person's association, equation, and Speerman – T-Test of one sample, test, and Cocon for two interconnected eyes, Alfa equation. With regard to the results that the current research reached: the results came in favor of the educational program in exchange for traditional methods of teaching, there was an impact on the knowledge achievement of the fifth-class students in the subject of socialism as a result of the application of the educational program based on the integrated entrance in the management of the class .

Virtual pharmacy as a component of the electronic educational environment at the Department of Pharmacology in order to increase the clarity and efficiency of assimilation of educational material (the role of increasing the clarity of educational material in the electronic information educational environment to improve the education resultat the Department of Pharmacology of the First Pavlov State Medical University of

Aim. To study the effectiveness of a virtual pharmacy as an element of an electronic information educational environment at the Department of Pharmacology.Material and methods. A total of 250 3rd year students of the Faculty of General Medicine and 196 2nd year students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg. To achieve these goals, structured interviews, focus groups, and subsequent analysis were used. The performance of third-year students at the Faculty of General Medicine was assessed before and after the introduction of digital tools for visualizing material using elements of a virtual pharmacy.Results. A survey of students found high interest in using visual methods and, in particular, a virtual pharmacy. Clinical and pharmacological tasks using a virtual pharmacy significantly facilitated the acquisition of pharmacological knowledge and were rated positively by the majority of students. An analysis of the academic success of students who with a virtual pharmacy resource found that the average score increased and they began to pass the tests on the first try. When collecting data, Google forms were used, which, due to anonymity, made it possible to receive detailed proposals from students for improving the virtual pharmacy and teaching methods using the electronic information educational environment.Conclusion. The study showed that the virtual pharmacy method has established itself as an effective pedagogical tool that has made it possible to increase the visibility of difficult educational material and the efficiency of learning new knowledge.

Simulation Study on Residual Stress Distribution of Machined Surface Layer in Two-Step Cutting of Titanium Alloy.

Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is known as one of the most difficult metallic materials to machine, and the machined surface residual stress distribution significantly affects properties such as static strength, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, etc. This study utilized finite element software Abaqus 2020 to simulate the two-step cutting process of titanium alloy, incorporating stages of cooling, unloading, and de-constraining of the workpiece. The chip morphology and cutting force obtained from orthogonal cutting tests were used to validate the finite element model. Results from the orthogonal cutting simulations revealed that with increasing cutting speed and the tool rake angle, the residual stress undergoes a transition from compressive to tensile stress. To achieve greater residual compressive stress during machining, it is advisable to opt for a negative rake angle coupled with a lower cutting speed. Additionally, in two-step machining of titanium alloy, the initial cutting step exerts a profound influence on the subsequent cutting step, thereby shortening the evolution time of the Mises stress, equivalent plastic strain, and stiffness damage equivalent in the subsequent cutting step. These results contribute to optimizing titanium alloy machining processes by providing insights into controlling residual stress, ultimately enhancing product quality and performance of structural part of titanium alloy.

Modular Open Chamber Stand for Biomass Densification Using the Example of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef Et Deu

This article presents a modular open chamber stand which simulates the densification process that occurs in a single channel of a pelletising die. The results of the verification tests confirmed the suitability of this stand for determining the optimal geometry of the channel. The test material was the biomass of Miscanthus × giganteus which is considered to be a difficult material for pressure densification; therefore, it was decided that it would be a good material for verifying the stand. The stand consists of four modules: an introductory section with a diameter of D = 12 and 10 mm, a conical part with an angle of α = 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, a cylindrical part with lengths L = 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 mm and diameter d= 8 mm and a pellet receiving module. The stand is able to heat the densification channel. Individual modules can be assembled into test combinations; this results in a change in channel geometry without the necessity to manufacture many singular channels. The optimum geometry of the channel for miscanthus with a moisture content of 13%, densified at 100 °C was determined. It should be a channel with D = 10 mm, α = 40° and L = 18 mm.

Hidden in plain sight: the covering of patients’ eyes and a microethics of medical photography

This article uses the author’s experience of researching historical photographs of facial injury and surgical reconstruction to think through the ethics of writing about and publishing images of patients anonymised...

Silicon‐On‐Silicon Carbide Platform for Integrated Photonics

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC)'s nonlinear optical properties and applications to quantum information have recently brought attention to its potential as an integrated photonics platform. However, despite its many excellent material properties, such as large thermal conductivity, wide transparency window, and strong optical nonlinearities, it is generally a difficult material for microfabrication. Here, it is shown that directly bonded silicon‐on‐silicon carbide can be a high‐performing hybrid photonics platform that does not require the need to form SiC membranes or directly pattern in SiC. The optimized bonding method yields defect‐free, uniform films with minimal oxide at the silicon–silicon–carbide interface. Ring resonators are patterned into the silicon layer with standard, complimentary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible (Si) fabrication and measure room‐temperature, near‐infrared quality factors exceeding 105. The corresponding propagation loss is 5.7 dB cm−1. The process offers a wafer‐scalable pathway to the integration of SiC photonics into CMOS devices.

Reactive ion etching of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) and chamber cleaning using low global warming potential gas

Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) is attracting increasing attention as a promising semiconducting material for use in next-generation semiconductors and display devices; for the application of IGZO to next-generation devices, it is necessary to have dry etch characteristics such as highly anisotropic etch profile, fast etch rate, and high mask selectivity. In the present study, IGZO was etched with various hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-type gases (CxHyFz) in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etcher and, the etch characteristics and the possibility of removing the residue forming on the chamber wall by in-situ chamber cleaning was investigated. This study also investigated the use of low global warming potential (GWP) gas in IGZO etching, in response to the fact that HFC-type gases tend to show high GWP. The results showed that, when HFC-type gases were used in the etching of IGZO, the ratio of H/F in HFC affected the IGZO etch rate and etch selectivity. Among the HFC gases used in the experiment, such as CHxFy (x + y = 4) and C3HxFy (x + y = 8), IGZO was etched faster with the gas with higher H/F ratio, which was attributed to the easier removal of zinc in IGZO during the etching, along with the removal of In through the formation of more volatile In(CHx)y; this is attributed to the fact that, among IGZO components, zinc was the most difficult material to etch with the HFC gases. Among the HFC-type gases investigated, C3H6F2 (HFC-272ca), which is a low GWP (GWP100yr = 139) gas, showed the highest etch rate of ∼ 55 nm/min, the lowest dimensional loss (less than 7 nm for photoresist masked IGZO), and the most anisotropic etch profile with the lowest surface roughness. During the etching with HFC gases, compounds such as GaHx/Ga(CHx)y, COx, In(CHx)y, and Zn(CHxFy)z were expected to have been produced as byproducts, and these were removed through Ar+ ion sputtering from the IGZO surface, but some of the these compounds were accumulated on the chamber wall along with dissociated HFCs that were formed during the etching. However, it was possible to completely remove these etch byproducts that had been formed on the chamber wall by using a H2/Ar plasma.

Innovating Physics Education with the Archio Application to Enhance Interest in Learning Archimedes' Law

The main problem in physics education among students is the lack of interest in learning due to monotonous teaching methods such as lectures. Lectures are often considered uninteresting and ineffective. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of a Thunkable-based application named Archio in increasing learning interest. The study uses the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) and was conducted at the end of 2023. The Define stage involved a survey to identify students' learning difficulties, which showed Archimedes' Law as the most difficult material. The Archio application was then designed (Design) and developed (Develop) with features such as learning materials, interactive simulations, quizzes, and reflections. At the Disseminate stage, the application was introduced through posters. The application received scores of 4.30 and 4.20 from expert and student validation results. The validation results indicated that the application is suitable for use with a very good category. The recommendation from this research is further development of the Archio application based on validator feedback to ensure its wider and smoother usage

REDESIGNING THE LIFE CYCLE OF POLYURETHANE FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH: EXPLORING ALTERNATIVE CHEMISTRIES AND MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Polyurethane is a widely utilised polymer in many industrial applications, however because of its flammability and nature as a feedstock, it is seen as a difficult material to support. Redesigning the life cycle to guarantee sustainable growth by lowering environmental impact and reliance on non-replaceable resources is essential to effective management strategies. In order to address sustainability concerns, the next article looks at alternate chemistries and manufacturing techniques, emphasising the necessity of innovation and cooperation both within and between industry.

Pelatihan Software MathCAD sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran pada Komunitas Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran Matematika dan Fisika wilayah Gresik, Provinsi Jawa Timur

Mathematics is a subject that is rarely popular with school students. Difficult material, complicated calculations, dan material that is less interactive when delivered in class are the reasons why this subject is less popular. Technological assistance, such as software, is an important thing to do in order to increase interactive learning. One of the software that is suitable for use as learning support, especially for mathematics dan science subjects, is MathCAD. This MathCAD software can help educators create math problems dan compile exercise books more quickly. The aim of this community service activity is to assist mathematics dan science teachers in teaching dan learning activities, especially in exact subjects. The method used is implementing MathCAD software training for the mathematics dan science teacher communities. With the results obtained from community service activities in the form of MathCAD software training, educators can apply the use of software during the teaching dan learning process, especially mathematics, to make it more interactive.

Culture and class in contemporary Chinese psychotherapy

Working with US‐based psychoanalysts who instruct Chinese psychoanalytic trainees, some reject any discussion of ‘culture’ as a means by which patients avoid difficult material, whilst others draw a sharp contrast between ‘the Chinese mind’ and ‘the Western mind’. My discussion with Chinese psychoanalytic trainees suggests that although they often use a ‘China/West’ dichotomy to understand clinical work, they are more likely than their predominantly Euro‐American analytic trainers to look at this distinction in fluid terms affected by other differences. They often draw attention to the ‘type’ of person who is the typical client of psychoanalytic therapy in contemporary China: young, urban, cosmopolitan and financially solvent. This article investigates how Chinese psychoanalytic trainees’ perceptions of relevant differences in their practice vary depending on the conversational context, challenging both the universalist claims of traditional psychoanalytic theory and the recent emphasis on cultural differences in the field.

One-pot Synthesis of Condensed Azepines

Abstract: Azepine is a privileged nitrogen-containing ring that has been found to display a wide range of biological activities. Azepine is a valuable skeleton in designing novel compounds in medicinal chemistry due to its interesting chemical and biological properties. The study on the synthesis of this ring system engenders a fascinating area of research owing to its potential to form an active pharmacophore for De Novo exploration. In this study, conventional and domino results were compared to access the diverse set of azepines in high yield. The domino approach has revolutionized the way through which the previously impossible yet significant transformations could be conceptualized, allowing the construction of difficult materials in one step. The aim of the present mini-review is to highlight the importance of the one-pot domino reaction for the synthesis of condensed azepines. This review also presents research on this subject from the past two decades.

Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries for Home Photovoltaic Systems: Transforming Energy Storage and Sustainability

Solar-based home PV systems are the most amazing eco-friendly energy innovations in the world, which are not only climate-friendly but also cost-effective solutions. The tropical environment of Malaysia makes it difficult to adopt photovoltaic (PV) systems because of the protracted rainy monsoon season, which makes PV systems useless without backup batteries. Large quantities of lithium-ion battery (LIB) trash are being produced by the electric vehicle (EV) sector. A total of 75% of the highest capacity levels have been discarded. By 2035, it is predicted that the wasted LIBs held as a result of expensive recycling and difficult material separation would carry up to 1200 GWh. An economical and sustainable option is offered by our study, which prototypes a replicated LIB pack that is incorporated into a PV home system. This study investigates the transformational power of second-life electric vehicle batteries (SLEVBs) when incorporated into home photovoltaic (PV) systems. The concept entails reusing existing electric vehicle batteries for stationary applications, offering a unique approach to extending the life of these batteries while meeting the growing need for sustainable domestic energy storage. The study looks at the technological feasibility, economic viability, and environmental effect of introducing SLEVBs into household PV systems, giving vital insight into their role in revolutionizing energy storage techniques and promoting sustainability. In comparison to the Lead–Acid Battery (LAB) system, the SLEVB system has a cheaper total cost of ownership, with savings of 12.62% compared with new LABs. A CO2 emission reduction of at least 20% is achieved by using the SLEVB system compared with LABs. Electricity can be provided in houses in rural areas where there is no electricity. As a result, the security and superiority of the life of rural residents will improve. It is anticipated that the suggested strategy will lower EV pricing, enabling EV adoption for M40 and B40 groups. Consequently, the Malaysian and worldwide EV business will remain viable.

Code-switching as a pedagogical practice for senior phase teachers teaching content subjects in OR-Tambo district

Background: The notion that teaching content subjects in schools utilising code-switching as a pedagogical approach contributes positively to academic achievements is well documented.Aim: This article demonstrates the effectiveness of code-switching as a pedagogical practice for senior-phase teachers teaching content subjects in some selected schools of the OR-Tambo education district.Setting: The study was conducted in three semi-rural schools in the Eastern Cape province.Methods: The study utilised a mixed-method research approach in three public schools. Participants were purposefully selected. Thematic content analysis was used to interpret the results.Results: The findings of this study indicated that teachers’ frequent use of code-switching during the senior phase teaching of the English language is a norm in a classroom. At the same time, learners were frustrated to learn the content subjects in English. Moreover, poor learner academic background affects their academic performance in the content subjects. The study reveals a notable lack of pedagogic support for teachers from officials in the Department of Education as well as a sizable component of the school administration team.Conclusion: The use of code-switching is a useful tool to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning in senior-phase lessons.Contribution: The study recommends that teachers and learners be encouraged to use code-switching, especially when dealing with difficult material to be taught in English. The study recommends that the Department of Education conduct extensive workshops on professional growth. This all-encompassing strategy might seek to strengthen the senior phase classroom, creating a lively and encouraging atmosphere for teachers and learners alike.

A State of the Art on Cryogenic Cooling and Its Applications in the Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Alloys.

Cryogenic cooling has gathered significant attention in the manufacturing industry. There are inherent difficulties in machining materials that are difficult to machine because of high levels of hardness, abrasiveness, and heat conductivity. Increased tool wear, diminished surface finish, and reduced machining efficiency are the results of these problems, and traditional cooling solutions are insufficient to resolve them. The application of cryogenic cooling involves the use of extremely low temperatures, typically achieved by employing liquid nitrogen or other cryogenic fluids. This study reviews the current state of cryogenic cooling technology and its use in machining difficult-to-machine materials. In addition, this review encompasses a thorough examination of cryogenic cooling techniques, including their principles, mechanisms, and effects on machining performance. The recent literature was used to discuss difficult-to-machine materials and their machining properties. The role of cryogenic cooling in machining difficult materials was then discussed. Finally, the latest technologies and methods involved in cryogenic cooling condition were discussed in detail. The outcome demonstrated that the exploration of cryogenic cooling methods has gained prominence in the manufacturing industry due to their potential to address challenges associated with the machining of exotic alloys.

Comprehensive stratified K-fold machine learning for surface roughness prediction with 3D printed electrodes: Analyzing dielectric variability and heat treatment effects

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is popular for its accuracy in cutting difficult materials. Material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (EWR) and surface roughness (SR) are deemed as the success indicators in EDM. The positive attributes of sustainable manufacturing make it a suitable choice for diverse applications. EDM electrodes used in this work are prepared by 3D printing and further subjected to deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) to investigate the influence of heat treatment on EDM performance. In the second instance, the experiments are conducted with different dielectric fluids viz. conventional dielectric (CD) and lemon peel biodiesel dielectric (LPD) to analyze the impact of dielectric change. When the dielectric is changed to lemon peel biodiesel, the roughness of the electro-discharged machined surface is reduced to a maximum of about 33%. A further improvement of about 11% is possible in the surface finish of machined surfaces when the EDM electrodes are subjected to DCT under an identical operating condition. LPD as dielectric also helps in attaining the primary objective of green manufacturing by reducing specific evaporative emissions. During the EDM process, LPD adoption causes a reduction of 96% in nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions and 86% in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. A modified adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with a stratified k-fold machine learning approach with a prediction accuracy of about 95% is also developed in this work to envisage the surface roughness of electro-discharge machined surfaces.

Analysis of Mobile-Based Geometry Learning Media Design for Middle School Students

Nowadays, a lot of students find mathematics a boring and difficult subject to follow. Geometry is one of the fields of study in middle school mathematics which gets a larger portion to be studied by students at school compared to other materials such as algebra, numbers, statistics, and probability. This is due to many concepts contained in geometry and its abstract nature, so in teaching geometry, the teacher needs to plan it well so that it can be understood by students. However, geometry is still considered one of the most difficult materials for students to understand. The use of mobile-based learning media can be an alternative as a solution to make students more active in the learning process. Based on the above background, this research will analyze and design mobile-based geometry learning media for middle school students. The research will be carried out using the design thinking method to get the needs of the target user. Design thinking is a non-linear, iterative process that teams use to understand users, challenge assumptions, redefine problems, and create innovative solutions to prototype and test.
 Keywords: mobile-based learning, geometry, media design, middle school st

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran ALGEBOX Untuk Materi Pengenalan Bentuk Aljabar

This research includes research and development (R&D) which aims to produce a learning media that can be accessed via a smartphone and contains questions for introductory algebra material aimed at class IX C students at Satya Wacana Christian Junior High School, then test the feasibility, practicality and effectiveness of the learning media that has been developed. Algebra is a subject matter that must be learned at the junior high school level, but students admit that Algebra material is one of the difficult mathematics materials to master. The development model used is the ADDIE development model Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. This research was conducted on February 5, 2024 even semester of the 2023/2024 school year at Satya Wacana Christian Junior High School. Data were collected through media and material validation sheets, student response questionnaires and teacher response questionnaires, as well as pretests and posttests. The results showed that ALGEBOX learning media had been developed in accordance with ADDIE development procedures. The validity test of ALGEBOX learning media according to material experts 89% and media experts 93% showed valid results. The results of the student response questionnaire 86% and teacher response questionnaire 90%, then it is said to be practical. The effectiveness results are evidenced by the increase in the pretest average of 57.81 to 86.86 on the posttest score and reinforced by the results of Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05 so it is said to be effective. It can be concluded that this learning media meets the criteria of validity, practicality and effectiveness.