Difficult Children Research Articles

Older mothers and their difficult adult children: a life course exploration

ABSTRACT Adult child to parent violence is a growing international social problem that needs to be better understood to develop clinical interventions. An exploratory study on the antecedents of early life adversity on adult child to parent violence/elder mistreatment was carried out using secondary analysis. Directed content analysis was used based on life course theory with a data set of older mothers all > 57 years old (J. R. Smith 2021, 2022). Measurement of instances of child abuse, domestic violence, and birth trauma among abused older mothers was conducted. All the older women had reported being negatively affected by their adult children’s problems and 56% reported being physically attacked. A case example is presented to illustrate how repeated incidents of abuse or neglect in early life might explain an older woman’s inability to take actions for her own safety.

АНАЛІЗ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ КЛЮЧОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ ТА ЇХ КОНКУРЕНЦІЯ

The article analyzes the volume of sales of goods and services of PJSC "Kyivstar" and its main competitors in the telecommunications industry of Ukraine. The matrix of the Boston Consulting Group was built. According to the matrix strategy, all sales volume indicators were divided into four categories. With the help of the constructed matrix, the development prospects of enterprises in the telecommunications industry of Ukraine and the level of their competition are determined. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Telecommunications", the main principles of activity in the field of telecommunications are revealed. It was determined what shares of the mobile communications market in Ukraine are made up of Lifecell, Vodafone and Kyivstar. Assessing the state of the communications industry in Ukraine, numerous problems with the development of the mobile communications market were identified, the main ones of which can be called: the inability to develop the market, low consumer confidence, the deterioration of the stability of telecommunication networks, inefficient network management, the presence of a large number of rural, mountainous or economically depressed areas that have limited access to telecommunications services, and concerns about the ability of telecommunications providers and providers to use infrastructure without prejudice, excluding electricity, transport and building elements. It is recorded that almost all indicators of PJSC "Kyivstar" exceed the indicators of its main competitors over the last year, namely "Lifecell" and "Vodafone". The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix based on the relative market share of Kyivstar PJSC from Lifecell and Vodafone showed that Kyivstar completely dominates its competitors. A development strategy has been formulated for competing companies, namely: the "Milk Cow" strategy will be appropriate for the leader of the telecommunications industry of Ukraine - Kyivstar PJSC, the "Difficult Children" strategy has been offered to Vodafone, but the "Dog" strategy is more suitable for the company "Lifecell", which is mostly inferior to its competitors in terms of sales. The main problems and ways to solve them are revealed.

Effects of massage intervention on discharged premature infants’ weight, parental stress, and parent–child attachment: A randomized controlled trial

Infant massage enhances the growth and development of premature infants and promotes parent–child bonding. However, its effects on parental stress and parent–child attachment in premature infants, as well as gender differences thereof, remain unclear. In this randomized controlled trial, we used a repeated-measures design and included 61 premature infants (mean gestational age: 35.1 ± 1.5 weeks). Weight, parental stress, and parent–child attachment were measured at multiple time points: before massage and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after commencing infant massage. The results revealed that the massage group infants had significantly higher weight gain than the control (no massage) group infants at all four time points. Moreover, parents in the massage group reported notably lower levels of stress than those in the control group, particularly in the parental distress and difficult children subscales. No significant between-group differences were observed in parent–child attachment. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between fathers and mothers in parental stress and parent–child attachment. However, fathers reported higher levels of distress than mothers at 4 and 12 weeks. In conclusion, infant massage led to increased infant weight and reduced parental stress over time, and differences between fathers and mothers were not significant, except fathers exhibiting higher levels of distress than mothers over time. Healthcare professionals should educate and support parents on infant massage before discharge of premature infants.

Coparenting support in the context of difficult children: Mother and father differences.

While parenting children with difficult behaviors can intensify stress within the entire family system, families may lean on other familial relationships to mitigate that stress. The coparenting relationship is known to play a key role within the family system for child outcomes and familial interactions, but it is not clear whether it eases the stress and challenge of raising a difficult child, nor how that plays out differently for mothers versus fathers. Ninety-six couples (89.7% married) parenting young children (Mean age = 3.22 years) were included in this study. Using cross-sectional and aggregated daily response data, actor-partner interdependence models were used to examine how mothers' and fathers' perceived coparenting support lessened or intensified parenting stress and/or daily problems with their child/children-for themselves or their parenting partner. We found that greater coparenting support reported by mothers coincided with stronger links between the mother's report of child difficulty and daily problems encountered by both mothers and fathers. In contrast, when fathers reported greater coparenting support, the intensity between reported child difficulty and daily problems decreased for mothers, and fathers reported lower parenting stress. Coparenting support also moderated associations between parents' perception of child difficulty and daily problems with their children. These results suggest that mothers incur heightened coparenting support from fathers when experiencing more difficult child behavior and that coparenting support experienced by fathers may alleviate parenting challenges for mothers. These findings further contribute to the literature by emphasizing distinct differences between mothers and fathers in coparenting associations within the family system.

Validation of the immunological method of kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution (KIMS) for the determination of phenytoin in saliva at the Hospital de Niños de Santísima Trinidad.

Phenytoin (DFH), is an anticonvulsant widely used for the treatment of different types of seizures.(1) Therapeutic monitoring (TDM) is required for DFH due to its narrow therapeutic range and nonlinear pharmacokinetics, among other characteristics. Monitoring is frequently done on plasma or serum (total drug) through immunological methods. DFH can also be monitored in saliva, which shows a good correlation with plasma. The concentration of DFH in saliva reflects the concentration of free drug and due to the simplicity in its collection, it leads to a less stressful process for the patient. The aim of this study was to validate the immunological method of kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution (KIMS) for the determination of DFH using saliva as biological matrix. Linearity, precision, detection and quantification limit, accuracy and interference were analyzed. Infostat 8.0 student version software was used for statistical analysis. The method was linear in a range between 0.41 and 5ug/ml. The detection and quantification limits were 0.14 and 0.45ug/ml, respectively. The equation of the straight line obtained based on the method comparison between KIMS and HPLC-UV was DFHKIMS= 0,81* DFHHPLC – 0,03. The KIMS method proved to have the necessary analytical characteristics to be applied as a useful and practical tool for the follow-up of those patients with difficult venous access and/or children with chronic DFH treatments.

A multicenter clinical study on parent-implemented early intervention for children with global developmental delay.

Early identification and intervention for children with global developmental delay (GDD) can significantly improve their prognosis and reduce the possibility of developing intellectual disability in the future. This study aimed to explore the clinical effectiveness of a parent-implemented early intervention program (PIEIP) for GDD, providing a research basis for the extended application of this intervention strategy in the future. During the period between September 2019 and August 2020, children aged 3 to 6 months diagnosed with GDD were selected from each research center as the experimental group and the control group. For the experimental group, the PIEIP intervention was conducted for the parent-child pair. Mid-term and end-stage assessments were performed, respectively, at 12 and 24 months of age, and parenting stress surveys were completed. The average age of the enrolled children was 4.56 ± 1.08 months for theexperimental group (n = 153) and 4.50 ± 1.04 months for the control group (n = 153). The comparative analysis of the variation in the progress between the two groups by independent t-test showed that, after the experimental intervention, the developmental quotient (DQ) of locomotor, personal-social, and language, as well as the general quotient (GQ) of the Griffiths Mental Development Scale-Chinese (GDS-C), the children in the experimental group demonstrated higher progress than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the mean standard score of dysfunctional interaction, difficult children and the total level of parental stress in the term test for the experimental groups (P < 0.001 for all). PIEIP intervention can significantly improve the developmental outcome and prognosis of children with GDD, especially in the areas of locomotor, personal-social, and language.

A STUDY OF YOUTH AND CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN INDIA

The lexical terminology of Child abuse could be defined as harming the children in different ways like emotionally, psychologically or physically. The worst of all the three mentioned can be sexual abuse. These kind of abuses could take place easily with any children and the person will always try to overpower the children. The trust of the kid will vanishes once s/he faces these kinds of situations in life. Continent Asia, should be analysed critically because there is large number of population living is of children. Counting would be difficult but numerous children are the victim of violence and exploitation every day. Most of the data will be difficult to gather. Children are more vulnerable both emotionally and physically to these kinds of abuses which they face. 20th November was marked as the 25 years since the adoption of the UN convention on the rights of Child in General Assemble at United Nations. These conventions were made for the immediate changes in the society which is required for the children. A systematic change in the society is required to have the positive impact towards the safety of children. In our country we do not have one proper law which is safeguarding the children against these kinds of abuses. This paper will have secondary data and information analysis and find out the dodges which exists in the law abiding system. This study will also focus on the Youth abuses in the country.

Diet structure and academic achievement of children from difficult families: a cross-sectional study of Chinese children

ObjectivesWelfare policy focuses on vulnerable populations, such as children with difficult family backgrounds. Education is a crucial way to reduce poverty. This study explored the relationship between children’s diet structure...

Sukhareva's (1930) 'Toward the problem of the structure and dynamics of children's constitutional psychopathies (Schizoid forms)': a translation with commentary.

This article constitutes a translation from the Russian of G.E. Sukhareva's research report entitled (in English) 'Toward the problem of the structure and dynamics of children's constitutional psychopathies (Schizoid forms)', which she delivered at the 'behavioral' conference in Leningrad in early 1930. Lev Vygotsky also presented on 'difficult children' in the same session of this conference. Sukhareva worked as a clinician for many years in residential and out-patient psychiatric settings at the Psycho-Neurological Institute in Moscow. This is (at least) the third of Sukhareva's publications on schizoid children, preceding her subsequent work on schizophrenia and oligophrenia (intellectual disability). Here she offers new case material, and further theoretical elaboration, concerning children diagnosed as schizoid, who closely resembled what we now think of as autistic children. We include background information useful to contextualize this work historically, and commentary on some of the questions raised for the 'history of autism' by Sukhareva's work.

Secrets of experienced teachers on working with “difficult children”

Secrets of experienced teachers on working with “difficult children”

The Social Functions of a rural Teacher (on the Example of the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic)

This article aims to evaluate the social duties of rural teachers, and is linked to an attempt to identify internal non-economic resources to help solve pressing issues associated with village life (including the problems of alienation of fellow villagers, the spread of alcoholism, unemployment, etc.). We set out to test the hypothesis that a rural teacher serves as an active participant in village life. This work is based on the methodological resources of village sociology, sociology of education, as well as approaches formed within the framework of problems associated with social well-being and quality of life. The results obtained from a study based on a semi-structured interview conducted in rural areas of the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic (N = 124) allowed for determining both the social functions of teachers and how they’re linked to the specifics of the profession. In addition the article analyzes the role of the village teacher in ensuring the resilience of the villagers. Resilience has been found to be associated with values and norms rooted in village areas (family, health, work, etc.), and often the village teacher is involved in preserving these values and norms. They provide support and assistance in solving a specific social problem (raising children, overcoming difficult life situations, socializing adults and children, etc.). The issue of active participation of teachers in the integration of the village community is also raised. We were able to identify which activities initiated by the village teacher are aimed at consolidating the villagers and their participation in the diverse life of their native village. All participants of the study stated that the integration of the village community is a necessity in this day and age. Such a function of teachers as interacting with authorities and public organizations was also identified. The example of the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic shows that village teachers as a professional group actively participate in solving the village’s problems, acquiring the status of a defender of the village.

The Social Functions of a Rural Teacher (on the Example of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic)

ABSTRACT The article evaluates the social functions of rural teachers and attempts to identify the internal noneconomic resources necessary to solve pressing social issues associated with rural life (including problems connected with alienation, alcoholism, and unemployment). The study tests the hypothesis that rural teachers are active participants in rural life. This work is based on the methodological resources of rural sociology, the sociology of education, and approaches formed within the framework of problems associated with social well-being and the quality of life. Using the results of a study based on semistructured interviews conducted in the rural areas of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic (N = 124), the social functions of teachers and their specific roles as professionals were determined. In addition, the article analyzes the role of rural teachers to ensure the resilience of rural residents. Resilience has been correlated with certain values and norms rooted in rural life (family, health, work, etc.), and rural teachers are often involved in preserving these values and norms. They provide support and assistance in solving specific social problems (raising children, overcoming difficult life situations, socializing adults and children, etc.). The active participation of teachers in the integration of the village community is also discussed. It was possible to identify which activities initiated by rural teachers are aimed at consolidating rural residents and encouraging their participation in the diverse life of their home villages. All study participants stated that the integration of the village community is a necessity. A description of how teachers interact with public authorities and organizations is given. The example of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic shows that as a professional group, rural teachers actively participate in solving village problems, while acquiring the status of “village defenders.”

СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ НЕПОВНОЛІТНІХ ПРАВОПОРУШНИКІВ ЗАСУДЖЕНИХ ДО ПОКАРАННЯ ШЛЯХОМ НЕ ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ ВОЛІ

The study helped to find out that the process of organizing the social education of juvenile offenders sentenced to imprisonment by imprisonment is carried out on the basis of the use of: a multilevel complex of social and pedagogical prevention; methods of individual and collective educational work; and also, social and pedagogical rehabilitation of the personality of the child-criminal. The use of crime prevention (at three levels) is aimed at: prevention of deviations of the delinquent nature of the child, the formation of its legal awareness, providing moral and psychological assistance to "difficult" adolescents and their parents; elimination of possible risks of committing an offense and prevention of re-offending by a juvenile who has already been prosecuted. Emphasis is placed on individual educational work, which is defined as the most progressive modern form of social and pedagogical rehabilitation and socialization of difficult children (delinquents, offenders, criminals, etc.). The use of "individual case management" as a separate model of organizing comprehensive assistance to a juvenile offender sentenced to non-custodial punishment is considered. As an example of collective work, a program of social and pedagogical rehabilitation is presented, in which the process of restoring the personality of a juvenile offender has a complex, multidisciplinary nature and is carried out in a healthy society. It is revealed that the correctional and rehabilitation work is carried out taking into account the results of diagnosis, causes and conditions of each juvenile regarding his offense. Therefore, each program is adjusted to each case.

INCLUSIVE FORMAT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES FOR SOCIAL BUSINESS

The article examines the concept of "social inclusion" as a process which ensures gain the opportunities to participate fully in economic, social, political and cultural life. The problems of such social inclusive groups as persons with disabilities, persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, participants of ATO/UFO, women in difficult circumstances, homeless persons, elderly persons, children and youth, residents of rural areas are systematized in the following areas: economic, socio-psychological, professional, legal, medical. It was shown that the main economic problems for the majority of inclusive groups are low income, difficulties with employment. The consequence is crime, health problems, various forms of addiction, lack of communication and social adaptation. The concept of "creative industries" as sectors whose activities are based on cultural values, or other artistic individual or collective creative expressions is considered. The possibilities of creative business areas (advertising, architecture, crafts, design, fashion, video, film and photography, games, music, publishing and printing activities, computers, research and development) to solve the problem of social exclusion are analyzed. It was revealed that for involvement in most types of economic activity, a qualification at the level of upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education is sufficient. As a result, a significant number of socially inclusive groups can be included in the production of economic and public goods. Based on the study of the most common social business models, it was shown that a partial solution to the problems of social inclusive groups, such as low incomes and employment problems, is possible on the basis of creative industries using such common social business models as employment model, fee-for-service model, service subsidy model, cooperative model, low-income client as market model, organizational support model. At the same time, the financial self-sufficiency of enterprises is ensured mainly due to income from the sale of products and services.

Вологодские исправительные учреждения для несовершеннолетних правонарушителей (1918–1920-е гг.)

Based on the analysis of archival documents and scientific literature, the article discusses issues related to the formation and functioning of various types of reformatories for juvenile delinquents (school and shelter, probation and supervision station for morally defective children, reception center, children’s home, juvenile colony for difficult children, et al.) that operated in the territory of Vologda Governorate during the initial period of the Soviet era. The data on the location of these institutions, specific features of their management, and the number, composition and confinement conditions of the inmates were clarified. When characterizing the activities of these institutions, along with positive experience, the problems, difficulties and shortcomings in their work were considered and attention was paid to the measures taken to eliminate the latter. The author came to the conclusion that the history of the Vologda juvenile reformatories in 1918 – the 1920s was a reflection of the national policy of the Bolsheviks implemented at the regional level that was aimed at combating homelessness, neglect, and juvenile delinquency, at developing effective measures to eradicate and prevent these negative phenomena, and at searching for an optimal model of an institution for correcting difficult teenagers.

Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions of Difficult Children: A Phenomenological Study

This study examined classroom teachers’ perceptions of difficult children. It applied the descriptive phenomenology design of qualitative research approaches. In identifying the participants, the maximum variation sampling technique, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used. Sixty classroom teachers working in Konya (20 from central schools, 20 from disadvantaged area schools, and 20 from private schools) have been selected and included in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the content analysis technique. Findings revealed that the participating classroom teachers were generally aware of difficult children’s characteristics (such as having academic difficulties, exhibiting communication problems, inability to adapt socially, or disobeying classroom rules). According to the participants, there are at least five types of difficult children in schools: (1) children with giftedness or learning difficulties, (2) children who are overly active or silent, (3) children who are spoiled or not cared for by their families, (4) children who are excessively aggressive or quarrelsome, and (5) children who are distracted or uninterested. The study concludes that more research is needed to understand the difficult child phenomenon fully.

Early Discipline Behavior: Read aloud Story with Big Book Media

Early Discipline Behavior: Read aloud Story with Big Book Media

Cooperation between child and adolescent psychiatry and youth welfare concerning socio-educational residence for children and adolescents

Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Kinder- und Jugendhilfe betreuen viele gemeinsame Kinder und Jugendliche. Insbesondere bei den schwierigsten Kindern und Jugendlichen ist eine Kooperation am meisten gefordert. Viele dieser schwierigen Kinder und Jugendlichen kommen aus schwierigen Lebensverhältnissen, sind häufig traumatisiert und zeigen stark externalisierendes Verhalten. Die Unterbringung in einer extrafamilialen Wohnform stellt die Beteiligten aller Systeme häufig vor große Probleme.Die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie kann auf allen Ebenen wertvolle Beiträge leisten. Einerseits im Rahmen der spezifischen Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrischen Diagnostik und Behandlung, ganz besonders im Konsiliar- und Liäsondienst und/oder in kooperativen Einrichtungen oder Betreuungsformaten. Dieses Angebot wird anhand der von der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe angebotenen Wohnformen diskutiert und konkrete Vorschläge zur Umsetzung diese Kooperation dargestellt.

The Coping Mechanisms Employed by Grandparent-Headed Families in Addressing Juvenile Delinquency in Hill Crest, Alice Township, Eastern Cape Province

Abstract Literature studies have shown that older persons face an array of challenges, among them parenting a delinquent grandchild. This study adopted both a qualitative approach and paradigm, supported by an explorative and a descriptive case study design. The study sampled eleven participants, and data were collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with grandparents, a community committee member, and probation officers. Measures employed by grandparent households in tandem with the Department of Social Development were unearthed. These included, but were not limited to, corporal punishment, seeking assistance from relatives, seeking assistance from social workers, and creating attachment. This article recommends that the government prioritize the grandparents’ vulnerability to the dangers of parenting difficult children, either by freeing them from such a harmful environment, or putting measures in place to manage children in conflict with the law, with special attention to grandparent-headed households.

They Drive Me Crazy: Difficult Social Ties and Subjective Well-Being.

Using egocentric network data from the University of California Social Networks Study (1,136 respondents; 11,536 alters), this study examines how difficult ties-an unexplored form of social negativity-are associated with well-being. Findings show that well-being is affected by the quality of the relationship rather than its presence in the network. Having a nondifficult partner is associated with lower loneliness compared to having no partner, but having no partner and having a difficult partner are related to similar levels of loneliness. Likewise, having difficult adult children and having no adult children are associated with reporting greater psychological distress than having nondifficult adult children. Consistent with the stress process model, the negative association of a difficult partner with well-being is buffered when that partner is otherwise supportive and when the other ties in the network are supportive. However, that association is amplified when the other ties are also difficult.