Differential Emotions Scale Research Articles

Alterations in Emotional Diversity Correspond With Increased Severity of Attenuated Positive and Negative Symptoms in the Clinical High-Risk Syndrome.

Background: Alterations in emotional functioning are a key feature of psychosis and are present in individuals with a clinical high-risk (CHR) syndrome. However, little is known about alterations in emotional diversity (i.e., the variety and relative abundance of emotions that humans experience) and clinical correlates in this population.Methods: Individuals meeting criteria for a CHR syndrome (N = 47) and matched healthy controls (HC) (N = 58) completed the modified Differential Emotions Scale (used to derive scores of total, positive, and negative emotional diversity) and clinical interviews (i.e., Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes).Results: Findings showed that the CHR group experienced lower levels of positive emotional diversity compared to HCs. Among the CHR individuals, lower levels of positive and higher levels of negative emotional diversity were associated with more severe attenuated positive and negative symptoms. Analyses controlled for mean levels of emotion and current antipsychotic medication use.Discussion: Results demonstrate that altered emotional diversity (in particular lower levels of positive and higher levels of negative emotional diversity) is a clinically relevant marker in CHR individuals, above and beyond alterations in mean levels of emotional experiences. Future studies may probe sources, downstream consequences, and potential modifiability of decreased emotional diversity in individuals at CHR.

La vida comprometida académicamente de los estudiantes orientados al dominio: orden causal entre emociones positivas, metas de dominio y compromiso académico

Although prior research shows that well-being is linked to effective learning, there is scarce evidence on how positive emotions relate to achievement goals and objective measures of school engagement. Drawing from the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this study examines the reciprocal associations of positive emotions with mastery-approach goals and teacher-reported academic engagement (using a two-wave longitudinal design. A survey comprising measures to assess students’ positive emotions (i.e., Modified Differential Emotions Scale) and mastery-approach goals (i.e., Achievement Goal Questionnaire – Revised) was administered to 411 Filipino high school students at two separate time points (i.e., 1-month interval). Ten classroom advisers also filled in a teacher-reported measure of academic engagement to provide a more objective estimate of each student's involvement in academic activities. Results of cross-lagged panel structural equation modeling via maximum likelihood estimation approach showed that positive emotions had positive concurrent relationships to mastery-approach goals and all engagement dimensions. Contradicting previous research, positive emotions did not predict subsequent mastery-approach goals and engagement after controlling for auto-regressor effects. Mastery approach goals positively predicted subsequent positive emotions, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement. Engagement dimensions did not relate to succeeding positive emotions and mastery approach goals. Results of this investigation highlight the emotional and academic benefits associated with students’ intrinsic drive to learn in school contexts.

The academically engaged life of mastery-oriented students: Causal ordering among positive emotions, mastery-approach goals, and academic engagement

Although prior research shows that well-being is linked to effective learning, there is scarce evidence on how positive emotions relate to achievement goals and objective measures of school engagement. Drawing from the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this study examines the reciprocal associations of positive emotions with mastery-approach goals and teacher-reported academic engagement using a two-wave longitudinal design. A survey comprising measures to assess students’ positive emotions (i.e., Modified Differential Emotions Scale) and mastery-approach goals (i.e., Achievement Goal Questionnaire – Revised) was administered to 411 Filipino high school students at two separate time points (i.e., 1-month interval). Ten classroom advisers also filled in a teacher-reported measure of academic engagement to provide a more objective estimate of each student’s involvement in academic activities. Results of cross-lagged panel structural equation modeling via maximum likelihood estimation approach showed that positive emotions had positive concurrent relationships to mastery-approach goals and all engagement dimensions. Contradicting previous research, positive emotions did not predict subsequent mastery-approach goals and engagement after controlling for auto-regressor effects. Mastery approach goals positively predicted subsequent positive emotions, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement. Engagement dimensions did not relate to succeeding positive emotions and mastery approach goals. Results of this investigation highlight the emotional and academic benefits associated with students’ intrinsic drive to learn in school contexts.

Intersections Between Awe and the Sublime: A Preliminary Empirical Study

This empirical study examines how philosophical work on the sublime relates to contemporary psychological work on awe. We operationalized several aspects of the sublime drawing from prominent philosophical theories and analyzed them in relation to three different measures of awe: the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES), the awe sub-scale of the Dispositional Positive Emotion Scale (DPES), and the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S). We carried out an Exploratory Factor Analysis on our items on the sublime. We found high correlations between these items and the measures of awe, especially with the self-loss and connectedness dimensions of the AWE-S. By operationalizing aspects of the sublime drawn from influential philosophical theories and comparing them with psychological measures of awe, we find a large degree of overlap between awe and the sublime, suggesting that these two literatures could inform one another.

Early Maladaptive Schemas as Determinants of Student's Youth Lifestyle

The article is devoted to the problems of studying the life style in psychology and the factors of its formation. The aim of the work is to establish the role of early maladaptive schemes as factors in the formation of certain aspects of student youth lifestyle. Early maladaptive schemes are considered according to J. Young's concept as models of reality perception which were formed in childhood under the influence of traumatic events and represent the perception and interpretation mechanisms of life experience. The empirical research was carried out on a student sample (21-27 years old) of both sexes; the total number of the studied people was 195. The method of early memories analysis and its quantitative assessment by the parameters of social interest, life position questionnaire, self-assessment of personality maturity, method of personality maturity diagnosis, world assumptions scale, diagnosing of interpersonal relationships style, differential emotions scale and J.Young’s early maladaptive schemas (EMS) questionnaire were used in the investigation. The results in six typical models lifestyles constructing were identified: "Avoidance of contact", "Superiority Complex", "Assertiveness", "Mimetism", "Maturity", "Interpersonal dependence". Specific and nonspecific mechanisms of EMS influence on lifestyles has been established. Nonspecific mechanism was revealed only for the "Interpersonal dependence" style. The styles "Avoidance of contact", "Mimetism", " Superiority Complex", "Assertiveness", "Maturity" revealed specific mechanisms, which consist in traumatic foundation presence formed by certain EMS for each style. "Avoidance of contact" is shaped like enhanced autonomy and intimacy avoidance. "Mimetism" is associated with overcoming the inferiority feelings by imitating worthy socially approved behavior. The "Superiority complex" is a protective "mask" associated with the conflict between the inferiority feeling and the Self-grandiosity. Life styles that are mature ("Maturity" and "Assertiveness") have traumatic basis, formed due to fixations in the early stages of personality development, and the ability to achieve mature aspects of personality occurs through various coping strategies.

The Effects of Sleep Quality on Dream and Waking Emotions.

Despite the increasing interest in sleep and dream-related processes of emotion regulation, their reflection into waking and dream emotional experience remains unclear. We have previously described a discontinuity between wakefulness and dreaming, with a prevalence of positive emotions in wakefulness and negative emotions during sleep. Here we aim to investigate whether this profile may be affected by poor sleep quality. Twenty-three ‘Good Sleepers’ (GS) and 27 ‘Poor Sleepers’ (PS), identified through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) cut-off score, completed three forms of the modified Differential Emotions Scale, assessing, respectively, the frequency of 22 emotions over the past 2 weeks, their intensity during dreaming and during the previous day. The ANOVA revealed a different pattern of emotionality between groups: GS showed high positive emotionality in wakefulness (both past 2 weeks and 24 h) with a significant shift to negative emotionality in dreams, while PS showed evenly distributed emotional valence across all three conditions. No significant regression model emerged between waking and dream affect. In the frame of recent hypotheses on the role of dreaming in emotion regulation, our findings suggest that the different day/night expression of emotions between groups depends on a relative impairment of sleep-related processes of affect regulation in poor sleepers. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of including sleep quality assessments in future dream studies.

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale.

Despite the increasing interest in sleep and dream-related processes of emotion regulation, their reflection into wake and dream emotional experience remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess dream emotions and their relationships with wake emotions through the modified Differential Emotions Scale (Fredrickson, 2003), which includes a broad array of both positive and negative emotions. The scale has been first validated on 212 healthy Italian participants, in two versions: a WAKE-2wks form, assessing the frequency of 22 emotions over the past 2 weeks, and a WAKE-24hr form, assessing their intensity over the past 24 h. Fifty volunteers from the wider sample completed the WAKE-24hr mDES for several days until a dream was recalled, and dream emotions were self-reported using the same scale. A bifactorial structure was confirmed for both mDES forms, which also showed good validity and reliability. Though Positive and Negative Affect (average intensity of positive and negative items, PA, and NA, respectively) were balanced in dreams, specific negative emotions prevailed; rmANOVA showed a different pattern (prevalence of PA and positive emotions) in wake (both WAKE-2wks and WAKE-24hr), with a decrease of PA and an increase of NA in the dream compared to previous wake. No significant regression model emerged between waking and dream affect, and exploratory analyses revealed a stable proportion of PA and NA (with prevailing PA) over the 3 days preceding the dream. Our findings highlight a discontinuity between wake and dream affect and suggest that positive and negative emotions experienced during wake may undertake distinct sleep-related regulation pathways.

The SUPPORT-S Protocol Study: A Postvention Program for Professionals After Patient or User Suicide.

BackgroundExposure to patient or user suicide (PUS) is identified as a challenging occupational hazard for mental health and social work professionals. Professionals exposed to PUS may encounter several ranges of emotional, traumatic or professional impacts in the aftermath. A high proportion of exposed professionals reports a lack of support in the aftermath of PUS. SUPPORT is a postvention program designed to provide a comprehensive, adaptative and effective support to professionals impacted by PUS. The aims of the SUPPORT-S study are to (1) improve the design of the SUPPORT program, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of the program to buffer the emotional, traumatic and professional impacts and to improve the perceived social support for professionals exposed to PUS, and (3) provide more insights into the consequences of PUS on both professionals and organizations.MethodThe SUPPORT-S study is a mixed method collaborative and participatory action research. The simultaneous and complementary collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data will offer an in-depth evaluation of the implementation and the effectiveness of the program. The qualitative evaluation includes: (a) an ethnographic observation; (b) 25 semi-directed interviews with randomized participants; (c) an activity analysis with providers of the program; and (d) collaborative sharing of the results with providers and participants. The quantitative evaluation includes pre- and post-measures in participants of: (a) emotional impact (Differential Emotions Scale IV); (b) traumatic impact (Impact of Event Scale-Revised); (c) professional impact (non-validated questionnaire); and (d) perceived social support (Perceived Social Support Scale for Professionals). The action research design will rely on: (a) the cycling process of implementation/evaluation/data sharing/adjustment and (b) the participatory approach through data sharing with providers and participants. Triangulation, saturation, randomization, and participatory design will also reduce the risk of biases and will improve the generalizability of conclusions.Expected ResultsWe expect the SUPPORT-S study to evaluate and improve the design of the SUPPORT program to effectively help professionals to cope with PUS.ConclusionThe results of the study will allow us to disseminate an effective and adaptive postvention program for professionals and institutions encountering PUS.

Dynamics of Female Sexuality; Hidden Emotional Issues

Sexual satisfaction following Laser or RF vaginal rejuvenation is usually assessed by straightforward self-report questionnaires that may not offer a deeper insight into female dynamics. Our randomized double-blind longitudinal clinical trial on 14 menopausal women with high FSFI satisfaction scores following laser or RF vaginal interventions, demonstrated a high positive correlation between the subjects’ FSFI scores and the Hy (hysteria), D (Depression) and L (Lie) validity scales of the MMPI-2. Such high positive correlation between the FSFI and the L-scale negates the reported increase in female sexual satisfaction following laser or RF vaginal rejuvenations. The high positive correlations of the FSFI with the Hy and D scales indicate that despite reports of increased sexual satisfaction, the vaginal procedures did not improve psychological wellbeing or quality of life. Results on the Differential Emotions Scale (DES) reveal that 98% of the subjects were organized around the emotions of shame, sadness and joy. Such results indicated a multilayered emotional organization that possibly reflects joy on the outside and shame and sadness on the inside. Results of Laser or RF vaginal rejuvenation procedures should be evaluated by a battery of tests that take into account females’ often prominent tendency to focus on satisfying their partners rather than themselves. Going down the path that starts with a dismissal of self-fulfillment to focus on their partners’ satisfaction, may bring several women to the endpoint of disingenuous interpersonal relationships tainted by repressed disillusionment.

Lifestyles of Modern Student Youth

The article is devoted to the problem of modern youth lifestyle constructing which is actual and deals with active transformations taking place in the socio-cultural space of Ukraine. The main construct which is the theoretical basis of the study is “lifestyle” as an integral characteristic of individuality which is considered in A. Adler’s approach. Lifestyle is understood as a multidimensional phenomenon that unites different levels and aspects of personality development: early personality’s experience, level of personality’s maturity, features of personality’s emotional traits, stable interpretations of the world, features of social interaction and relationships’ maintaining. The aim of the work was to find out typical patterns of lifestyle constructing by modern student youth. The empirical research was carried out on a student sample (21-27 years old) of both sexes; the total number of the studied people was 195. The method of early memories’ analysis and its quantitative assessment by the parameters of social interest, life position questionnaire, self-assessment of personality’s maturity, method of diagnosis of personality’s maturity, world assumptions scale, diagnosing of interpersonal relationships’ style, differential emotions scale were used in the investigation. Result in six typical models lifestyles constructing were identified: "Avoidance of contact", "Superiority Complex", "Assertiveness", "Mimetism", "Maturity", "Interpersonal dependence". The revealed styles can be presented as a model with three dimensions: "orientation from people – to people" ("Avoidance of contact" and "Interpersonal dependence"); " external orientation – internal orientation "("Mimetism" and "Maturity"); “Self-grandiosity – healthy self-esteem” (“Superiority Complex” and “Assertiveness”). The article reveals the content of each style, provides data on gender differences and the main trends in the life structuring at modern youth space. It has been shown that young women are characterized by a greater tendency to imitate external norms and behavior patterns, which makes them vulnerable to social influences, especially in crisis periods during their life. Modern young men experience difficulties in assimilating masculinity, which leads to models of codependency assimilation in relations with a close social environment and fixes the personality in an immature life position. The revealed patterns do not cover all possible diversity, but determine the main trends in the life structuring in the modern youth space.

Enhancing interest in research activities in mathematics students in teacher training universities

The article looks into the issue of developing an interest in mathematics students’ research activities in the teacher training universities. The study is dedicated to the feasibility of involving the 5E Instructional Model to the organization of students’ scientific research during the workshop on the Approximation Theory and Fourier Series. The research considers the results of the survey among students who helped to evaluate their emotional state during the workshop. To collect the data we used the tool of express evaluation of positive and negative emotionality the Differential Emotion Scale. The article discusses the positive influence of the environment developed through the 5E Instructional Model on students’ emotional state and forming their interest in scientific research while organizing workshop classes. We have grounds to conclude that there is the efficiency of implementing workshops based on the 5E Instructional Model. The index reduction of students’ negative emotions encouraged their activity during the workshop and the improvement of interest in research activities.

FACTORS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF A 10-DAY PROGRAM FOR MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION IN EMERCOM OF RUSSIA SPECIALISTS

Relevance. The need to search and develop effective measures for medical and psychological rehabilitation (MPR), which provide optimization of the functional state of specialists of EMERCOM of Russia.Intention. To determine effectiveness factors of a 10 day MPR program for specialists of EMERCOM of Russia. Methodology. The sample consisted of 110 specialists of EMERCOM of Russia units sent for the MPR. The actual functional state of the body was studied with the help of clinical and psychological interviews, functional tests, psychophysiological examinations on the “Psychophysiologist” and “Reacor” hardware complexes, K. Izard’s differential emotions scale adapted by A. Leonova.Results and discussion. According to the results of cluster analysis, the total sample was divided into groups taking into account the level of ability to restore the functional state of the body after the MPR program: high (26.4%), medium (45.4%) and low (28.2%). The low level group included professionals with low mental stress in their activities. Basically, they needed an organized rest and psycho preventive measures. The critical values of the indicators of the functional state of the specialists of the Emercom of Russia in need of conducting MPR are revealed. According to the results of factor analysis, explaining about 53% of the total variance of indicators, the effectiveness of the MPR program is revealed. The designed algorithm of the 10 day MPR program for EMERCOM specialists allows us to reduce neuropsychic stress, form a positive assessment of professional experience, develop stability and endurance of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, and achieve high functional capabilities of the body.Conclusion. The factors of effectiveness of the 10 day MPR program for EMERCOM of Russia specialists were determined: low neuropsychic stress, a positive assessment of professional experience, stable functioning, endurance of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, high functional capabilities of the body, and readiness for activity. Functional indicators of the need for MPR are established; taking these into account helps to prescribe specific rehabilitation measures for EMERCOM of Russia specialists.

Correlation between selected gait variables and emotion using virtual reality

Gait pattern and its characteristics can change according to the person’s emotional state. We implemented a data collection system that analyzes the relationship between gait and emotional state by using Virtual Reality (VR) environment and a mat-type pressure sensor equipped with 1008 sensors. Twelve healthy young adults (6 F, 6 M) in their 20 s participated in this study and randomly watched 3 different types of videos containing calming, sad, and joyful scenes that were presented in 3D formats with 360° angle. Modified Differential Emotion Scale (m-DES) was used by the subjects to self-report their current emotion before and after watching each set of the videos, and their real-time gait patterns captured by the mat sensor were analyzed. For gait pattern analysis, stepcount per minute, gait speed per minute, plantar pressure distribution (p1–p8), and peak plantar pressure were compared between conditions. The results showed that both step count and gait speed significantly increased in joyful state compared to those of calm and sad emotional states, and were decreased the most in sad state. High correlation was found between joyful emotion and faster gait speed, as well as higher plantar pressure in the forefoot. Plantar pressure distribution and its high peaks showed to be weighted in the 1st and 2nd metatarsal area in joyful state, and more concentrated in the heel area in sad state. Gait patterns in calm emotional state were not significantly differentiated. VR can be an useful tool to self-manage negative emotions as well as to help increase physical activities for depressive and cheerless individuals.

Can subtitles for the deaf and hard-of-hearing convey the emotions of film music? A reception study

ABSTRACTThe present paper describes a reception study into subtitling music in subtitles for the d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing. The study makes use of a database of film fragments that were selected and tested for eliciting a specific emotion. The research involves two highly emotional clips from the database as well as one control clip. The three excerpts were shown to a control group of 26 hearing people. Then, three versions of subtitles were added to each clip – one with music description, another with the composition title and the name of the performer, and another one with no information on the music. Subsequently, the fragments were shown to a test group of 60 d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers divided into three groups. The participants reported on the emotions they felt by filling a Differential Emotions Scale questionnaire. For every emotion the clips were supposed to elicit, the results for each subtitling method are very similar to each other, suggesting that either method of subtitling music is equally effective in an emotional scene. Moreover, the emotion intensity the d/Deaf felt is also very close to the intensity experienced by the hard-of-hearing and the hearing control group.

Positive Emotions During Infant Feeding and Breastfeeding Outcomes.

Few studies have examined the role of maternal emotions in breastfeeding outcomes. We aimed to determine the extent to which positive maternal emotions during human milk feeding at 2 months were associated with time to any and exclusive human milk feeding cessation and overall breastfeeding experience. A sample of 192 women intending to breastfeed for at least 2 months was followed from the third trimester until 12 months postpartum. Positive emotions during infant feeding at 2 months were measured using the modified Differential Emotions Scale. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for time to any and exclusive human milk feeding cessation associated with a 1-point increase in positive emotions. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between positive emotions and maternal breastfeeding experience reported at 12 months. Among those human milk feeding at 2 months, positive emotions during feeding were not associated with human milk feeding cessation by 12 months (aHR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.64, 1.31]). However, among women exclusively human milk feeding at 2 months, a 1-point increase in positive emotions was associated with a 35% lower hazard of introducing formula or solid foods by 6 months (aHR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.46, 0.92]). Positive emotions were associated with a significantly more favorable maternal report of breastfeeding experience at 12 months. Results were similar in sensitivity analyses using maternal feelings about breastfeeding in the first week as the exposure. A positive maternal emotional experience of feeding is associated with breastfeeding outcomes.

Positive Emotions During Infant Feeding and Postpartum Mental Health.

Research shows that individuals can improve mental health by increasing experiences of positive emotions. However, the role of positive emotions in perinatal mental health has not been investigated. This study explored the extent to which positive emotions during infant feeding are associated with maternal depression and anxiety during the first year postpartum. One hundred and sixty-four women drawn from a longitudinal cohort of mother-infant dyads were followed from the third trimester through 12 months postpartum. We measured positive emotions during infant feeding at 2 months using the mean subscale score of the modified Differential Emotions Scale. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State subscale at months 2, 6, and 12. Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate crude and multivariable associations. Among women with no clinical depression during pregnancy, higher positive emotions during infant feeding at 2 months were associated with significantly fewer depression symptoms at 2, 6, and 12 months and with lower odds of clinically significant depression symptoms at 2 and 6 months. In contrast to depression outcomes, women with clinical anxiety during pregnancy who experienced higher positive emotions had significantly fewer anxiety symptoms at 2, 6, and 12 months and lower odds of clinically significant anxiety at 2 and 6 months. Positive emotions during infant feeding are associated with depression and anxiety outcomes during the first year postpartum and may be a modifiable protective factor for maternal mental health.

The development of the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S): A multifactorial measure for a complex emotion

ABSTRACTAwe is a complex emotion composed of an appraisal of vastness and a need for accommodation. The purpose of this study was to develop a robust state measure of awe, the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S), based on the extant experimental literature. In study 1, participants (N = 501) wrote about an intense moment of awe that they had experienced and then completed a survey about their experience. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor structure, including: altered time perception (F1); self-diminishment (F2); connectedness (F3); perceived vastness (F4); physical sensations (F5); need for accommodation (F6). Internal consistency was strong for each factor (α ≥ .80). Study 2 confirmed the 6-factor structure (N = 636) using fit indices (CFI = .905; RMSEA = .054). Each factor of the AWE-S is significantly correlated with the awe items of the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) and Dispositional Positive Emotion Scale (D-PES). Triggers, valence, and themes associated with awe experiences are reported.

A randomized, controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction in HIV infection

ObjectiveEvidence links depression and stress to more rapid progression of HIV-1 disease. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether an intervention aimed at improving stress management and emotion regulation, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), would improve immunological (i.e. CD4+ T-cell counts) and psychological outcomes in persons with HIV-1 infection. MethodsWe randomly assigned participants with HIV-1 infection and CD4 T-cell counts >350 cells/μl who were not on antiretroviral therapy in a 1:1 ratio to either an MBSR group (n = 89) or an HIV disease self-management skills group (n = 88). The study was conducted at the University of California at San Francisco. We assessed immunologic (CD4, c-reactive protein, IL-6, and d-dimer) and psychological measures (Beck Depression Inventory for depression, modified Differential Emotions Scale for positive and negative affect, Perceived stress-scale, and mindfulness) at 3, 6 and 12 months after initiation of the intervention; we used multiple imputation to address missing values. ResultsWe observed statistically significant improvements from baseline to 3-months within the MBSR group in depression, positive and negative affect, perceived stress, and mindfulness; between group differences in change were significantly greater in the MBSR group only for positive affect (per item difference on DES-positive 0.25, 95% CI 0.049, 0.44, p = .015). By 12 months the between group difference in positive affect was not statistically significant, although both groups had trends toward improvements compared to baseline in several psychological outcomes that were maintained at 12-months; these improvements were only statistically significant for depression and negative affect in the MBSR group and perceived stress for the control group. The groups did not differ significantly on rates of antiretroviral therapy initiation (MBSR = 39%, control = 29%, p = .22). After 12 months, the mean decrease in CD4+ T-cell count was 49.6 cells/μl in participants in the MBSR arm, compared to 54.2 cells/μl in the control group, a difference of 4.6 cells favoring the MBSR group (95% CI, −44.6, 53.7, p = .85). The between group differences in other immunologic-related outcomes (c-reactive protein, IL-6, HIV-1 viral load, and d-dimer) were not statistically significant at any time point. ConclusionsMBSR improved positive affect more than an active control arm in the 3 months following the start of the intervention. However, this difference was not maintained over the 12-month follow-up and there were no significant differences in immunologic outcomes between intervention groups. These results emphasize the need for further carefully designed research if we are to translate evidence linking psychological states to immunological outcomes into evidence-based clinical practices.

Pengaruh Film Alternatif terhadap Emosi

The purpose of this experiment was to understand the impacts of alternative movies on emotion. Posttest only design using proxy pretest was used. Twenty four undergraduate students of Universitas Gadjah Mada were divided into three groups based on their movies preferences: alternative group, mainstream group, and control group. Emotion as the dependent variable was measured post treatment using DES (Differential Emotion Scale) and was analyzed with one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there was no differences in emotion between the three groups (F=.376 (p>.05).

Role of Family System, Positive Emotions and Resilience in Social Adjustment among Pakistani Adolescents

Abstract The present study explored the role of positive emotions, resilience & family system in social adjustment in Pakistani adolescents. Through convenient sampling, data collected from 150 adolescents (70 boys & 80 girls).In terms of family system 92 were living in nuclear family while 58 injoint family. Urdu version of Modified Differential Emotions Scale, Resilience Scale and Bell`s Adjustment Inventory were used. Statistical analysis revealed the presence of significant positive relationship between positive emotions and resilience (r = .39**) where girls were slightly more resilient (M ± SD = 120.77 ± 24.03) & socially adjusted (M ± SD = 17.41 ± 4.15). Moreover 52 % adolescents reported difficulty in talking with new people. Majority of participants from Joint family reported good social adjustment (38%) and high resilience (17%) as compared to those in nuclear family (21%, 13%). The influence of these demographic variables is important indication to be explored further. Keyword: Family system, Positive emotion, and resilience