Differential Emotions Scale Research Articles

Ascertaining the Peculiarities of Athletes’ Adaptation Course to Post-Sports Life

Objectives. The purpose of the study was to identify the peculiarities of athletes’ adaptation to post-sport life under modern conditions of reality. Materials and methods. The study involved 36 athletes, Masters of Sports, aged 25 to 40 years, who had finished their professional sports careers in disciplines such as ballroom dancing, artistic gymnastics, football, swimming, and judo. The study used methods of analysis and generalization obtained from scientific-methodical literature and internet data, surveys, and psychodiagnostics: the “Differential Emotions Scale” by C. Izard, adapted by A. Leonova, the “Meaningful Life Orientations” method by D. A. Leontiev, an adapted version of the “Purpose-in-Life Test” (PIL) by James Crumbaugh and Leonard Maholick, as well as the “Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory” (ZTPI) by Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. During the study results’ analysis, the following methods were used: frequency analysis — identification of the frequency of each emotion category (absolute frequencies), and a calculation of percentage values (relative frequencies) for each category relative to the total number of participants. This was also applied to determine the number of athletes belonging to each category of future plans and to define the components of the time perspective; descriptive statistics — calculation of the mean value for each survey scale; these values were used to compare mean values between different scales and to analyze the variability of responses by calculating the standard deviation; percentage calculation. Results. This study examined the post-sport adaptation of 36 athletes using psychodiagnostic methods, thereby uncovering a complex emotional landscape and a variety of future perspectives. The survey results showed that 43% of the respondents had not yet decided what they wanted to become in their post-sports life, indicating significant stress, negative emotions, and physical and psychological problems that require attention and support. A significant portion (40%) of respondents affirmed that they could envisage their future without sports, with 25% choosing to become coaches and 15% interested in sports-related professions. Only 17% of respondents considered their future in other fields. The study also found that 42% of athletes reported having a strongly negative attitude towards leaving professional sports, experiencing feelings such as despair, grief, anger, disgust, and confusion. Another 36% of athletes characterized their emotional state as anxious-depressive, which also requires attention. Meanwhile, 22% of respondents stated a positive emotional attitude towards ending their careers, demonstrating interest in new circumstances and their future, which helps them to transition effectively into new lives. The study results on life orientations revealed that athletes tended to be more focused on past achievements and current goals than on the future, which may complicate their adaptation to post-sports life. Nevertheless, 37% of athletes are oriented towards a positive future and are willing to make efforts to achieve the necessary goals. Therefore, the findings clearly indicate the need for post-sports support and increased attention to the large proportion of former athletes (79%), whose mental health depends on the timeliness and speed of measures taken by specialists. Conclusions. The transition process for athletes after ending their professional careers to a life without sports is defined as individually nuanced, complex, and prolonged; it depends on past career success, is accompanied by stressful situations and negative emotions, and often requires a sudden conclusion to preserve the sense of being a champion.

Stability and change in maternal wellbeing and illbeing from pregnancy to three years postpartum

PurposeMotherhood affects women’s mental health, encompassing aspects of both wellbeing and illbeing. This study investigated stability and change in wellbeing (i.e., relationship satisfaction and positive affect) and illbeing (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) from pregnancy to three years postpartum. We further investigated the mutual and dynamic relations between these constructs over time and the role of genetic propensities in their time-invariant stability.Data and methodsThis four-wave longitudinal study included 83,124 women from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Data were collected during pregnancy (30 weeks) and at 6, 18 and 36 months postpartum. Wellbeing and illbeing were based on the Relationship Satisfaction Scale, the Differential Emotions Scale and Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-8. Genetics were measured by the wellbeing spectrum polygenic index. Analyses were based on random intercept cross-lagged panel models using R.ResultsAll four outcomes showed high stability and were mutually interconnected over time, with abundant cross-lagged predictions. The period of greatest instability was from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum, followed by increasing stability. Prenatal relationship satisfaction played a crucial role in maternal mental health postpartum. Women’s genetic propensity to wellbeing contributed to time-invariant stability of all four constructs.ConclusionUnderstanding the mutual relationship between different aspects of wellbeing and illbeing allows for identifying potential targets for health promotion interventions. Time-invariant stability was partially explained by genetics. Maternal wellbeing and illbeing develop in an interdependent way from pregnancy to 36 months postpartum.

Relationship between social cognition and emotional markers and acoustic-verbal hallucination in youth with post-traumatic stress disorder: Protocol for a prospective, 2-year, longitudinal case-control study.

Auditory-verbal hallucinatory experiences (AVH) have a 12% prevalence in the general pediatric population. Literature reports a higher risk of developing AVH in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The persistence of AVHs during adolescence represents a risk of evolution into psychotic disorders. Social cognition and emotional markers could be considered prodromes markers of this evolution. The objectives of this prospective observational study are to observe social cognition and emotional markers correlation with the presence and persistence of AVH over two years and with the evolution of PTSD and psychotic diagnosis. This prospective case-control study, longitudinal over two years (with an interim reassessment at six months and one year), will include 40 participants aged 8 to 16 years old with a diagnosis of PTSD and without a diagnosis of psychosis according to the criteria of DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL). Subjects included are divided into two groups with AVH and without AVH matched by gender, age and diagnosis. The primary outcome measure will be the correlation between social cognition and emotional makers and the presence of AVH in the PTSD pediatric population without psychotic disorders. The social cognition marker is assessed with the NEPSY II test. The emotional marker is assessed with the Differential Emotion Scale IV and the Revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire. The secondary outcome measures are the correlation of these markers with the persistence of AVH and the evolution of the patient's initial diagnosis two years later. The originality of our protocol is to explore the potential progression to psychosis from PTSD by cognitive biases. This study supports the hypothesis of connections between PTSD and AVH through sensory, emotional and cognitive biases. It proposes a continuum model from PTSD to psychotic disorder due to impaired perception like AVH. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356028.

Diagnosis of post-traumatic syndrome: functional-vegetative analysis of sensory systems

Background. The article analyzes the relationship between emotional states and the psycho-vegetative status of the respondents using functional-vegetative diagnosis, which is important for medical practice. The study was based on the use of functional-vegetative diagnosis, including the analysis of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular reactivity and other indicators characterizing the psycho-vegetative status of the individual. The purpose: to justify the functional-vegetative diagnosis of sensory systems in the context of the organization of the psychological health of the individual. Materials and methods. The following theoretical methods were used: comparison of existing psychophysiological concepts, structural and genetic analysis of sensory systems, synthesis of theoretical and methodological approaches of the fields of psychophysiology, inductive-deductive approach to the study of the problem. Empirical methods include: measurements according to the functional-vegetative method of V. Makats on the comparison by quantitative signs of the dynamics of each participant in the experiment and comparison of the relative optimal coefficient of vegetative balance and integrated generalization of data in groups with the same initial level of vegetative balance and surveys to determine emotional psychological background on the Izard’s Differential Emotions Scale, according to the results of which an increase in positive emotions and preservation of a moderate level of positive dynamics due to the influence of a psycho-emotional stimulus was recorded. Conclusions. It is noted that the influence of the psycho-emotional factor is a rehabilitation aspect that has a normalizing effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and functional-vegetative homeostasis. The obtained results open perspectives for further research on diagnosis and correction of mental and physical health.

Exploring the Psychological Impact of Quarantine: An Investigation into Eating Patterns, Emotions, and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece.

The implementation of quarantine measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges linked to adverse psychological effects, notably affecting individuals' eating patterns. This study aimed to investigate the eating patterns of individuals during lockdowns compared across sex, age, and income levels, and examine the influence of positive and negative emotions, as well as loneliness, on these patterns. Across-sectional online studywas conducted with 450 participants (aged 18-74 years old). One questionnaire about demographics, the Demographic Questionnaire, and three validated self-report scales (Eating Attitudes Test, comprising the Dieting, Bulimia, and Food Preoccupation, and Oral Control subscales, the Modified Differential Emotions Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale) were employed. Convenience and snowball sampling were used. The data were collected between April and May 2021, primarily through social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The survey questionnaire was shared via these platforms and users could answer if they wanted. Also, they were asked to send the questionnaire to their closecontacts. Additionally, the survey questionnairewas distributedface-to-face to 80 participants. The statistical analyses included linear regression and mediation analyses. Abnormal eating patterns (e.g. eating behaviors that tend to have signs of diet such as constant avoidance of fattening foods, the individual's involvement with becoming leaner, extreme control or preoccupation with food, overeating and purging methods)were identified in 25% of the 450 participants participated in this survey, aged 18-74 years. Moderate levels of negative/positive emotions and loneliness were predominantly reported.Female sexwas significantly associated withabnormal eating patterns (p=0.010), particularly dietary behaviors (p=0.029).Negative emotions (p=0.032) and loneliness (p=0.001) emerged as predictive factors for overall eating patterns and bulimic behaviors. Negative emotions exhibited a direct correlation with eating patterns, while loneliness played a significant mediating role (p=0.032). Furthermore, the association between negative emotions and bulimia was partially mediated by loneliness (p=0.018). This study underscores the pivotal roles of negative emotions and loneliness in shaping eating patterns during quarantine.Multilevel public health interventionsare needed to address the negative effects of quarantine and pandemics in general. Screening tests for mental health in the school and job environments could highlight the need for shaping interventions, such as counseling, group empowerment, and family support in order to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behaviors and mental health in general.

Emotional Experiences and Their Connection With Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gender Differences

The study was conducted in Ukraine during the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. The sample contained 232 individuals. The aim was to study emotional experiences and their connection with coping strategies in the context of gender differences. The research was based on the concept of differential emotions, and on the understanding of the accumulation strategies as a dynamic process, which is determined by personal prepositions and situational factors. Measures used in the study were the Differential Emotions Scale and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The growth of negative experiences and stress at the beginning of the pandemic among men and women was confirmed. We described the differences regarding emotions and coping strategies. Women use emotion-focused strategies of social support, strategies of positive reappraisal of the situation, and avoidance, the acceptance of responsibility among women is associated with negative emotions. We found that women more frequently use two or more coping strategies compared to men. A different emotional basis of coping strategies, expressed at high levels of tension among men and women, was revealed. The defined features of coping behavior among men and women may help to determine the main goals for the development of preventive and psychotherapeutic interventions.

Роль социально-демографических, клинических и психоэмоциональных характеристик в формировании мотивации к изменению и лечению у больных с алкогольной зависимостью

Introduction. Motivation for treatment is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon significantly impacting the effectiveness of medical assistance for patients with addictive disorders. An integrative assessment of biopsychosocial functioning and systematic analysis of the factors determining readiness for treatment are important directions of research aimed at understanding the formation of motivational processes in patients with alcohol dependence. Aim of the study is to determine sociodemographic, clinical, psychological and emotional characteristics of patients with alcohol dependence and with varying levels of motivation for treatment, as well as to identify predictors of readiness for change and treatment. Methods and Materials. A total of 138 patients with alcohol use disorder (F10.20; F10.21) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Research instruments included: patients’ clinical charts, «The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale» (SOCRATES), Differential Emotions Scale (DES), The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Attitude toward the disorder (TOBOL), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Tests of anticipatory validity (TASPK), and Purpose-in-Life test (PIL). Results. The median age of the subjects was 27.0 years [20.0; 35.0]. Patients with low motivation for treatment (LMT), compared to subjects with medium (MMT) and high (HMT) motivation scores, were younger, displayed greater negative attitudes toward relatives, had shorter durations of substance use disorder and withdrawal symptoms, and reported fewer treatments and spontaneous remissions (p≤0.05). HMT patients had skilled jobs, longer duration of remission after treatment, and a higher ratio of remission duration to disease duration compared to LMT and MMT patients (p≤0.05). In contrast to the MMT group, the LMT participants demonstrated significantly higher levels of the emotion of contempt, alexithymia and a neurasthenic attitude toward the disorder (p≤0.05). Subjects with HMT, as opposed to LMT and MMT, had significantly lower levels of «depression», «trait anger», «trait anxiety»; while the levels of the emotion «surprise», «trait-situational anticipatory validity», «general anticipatory validity», «life performance», «I-locus of control» were significantly higher (p≤0.05). The following predictors for the readiness for change and treatment were identified: ratio of remission duration to disease duration (B1 = 57.05), skilled occupation (B2 = 2.10), emotions «surprise» (DES) (B3 = 1.81) and «contempt» (DES) (B4 = -1, 11), «trait anger» (STAXI) (B5 = -1, 72), neurasthenic attitude toward the disorder (TOBOL) (B6 = – 0.31), «general anticipatory validity» (TASPK) (B7 = 1.93), (B1, B2, .... , Bn – numbers and coefficients of predictors; multiple regression equation constant B0 = 92.35; adjusted R2 = 0.753). Conclusion. A benign course of alcohol use disorder progression, employment in a skilled job, prognostic abilities in assessing the development of life situations, and personal responsibility for one's life, as well as higher level of the emotion of surprise and low levels of anxiety, depression, anger, contempt, alexithymia, and neurasthenia, increase motivation for change and treatment in individuals with alcohol dependence.

Взаимосвязь психологического и соматического благополучия у пациентов

Background. Understanding of emotional aspects of painful experiences can significantly expand the therapeutic tools for both doctors and psychologists. Objective. The focus is placed on the study of the relationship between psychological and somatic well-being of patients with pain syndrome. Study Participants. Sample included 119 people: 57 men (average age 47.9 years) and 62 women (average age 46.5 years) from the number of outpatients of the treatment and prevention institution “City Health Center #12” (Minsk). Methods. The study used: the Subjective Well-being Scale, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the Differential Emotion Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Giessen Subjective Complaints List, GBB. Results. The analysis of the correlations of emotional state and somatic complaints has revealed similarities and specificity of subjective experiences of patients in different conditions. The correlation analysis showed a certain relationship between emotional state and well-being, which is closely related to subjective well-being. Conclusion. Subjective well-being of patients is related to psychoemotional state, health and somatic complaints, as well as, to some extent, to the level of alexithymia. Patients' well-being is related to their emotional state and negative emotions. Practical application of the results. Understanding the psychological state of the patient can be useful for developing a personalized approach to treatment and successful rehabilitation through intrapersonal resources.

Психологические аспекты профессиональной деятельности и благополучие женщин в сфере образования: возрастная динамика и гендерное сравнительное корреляционное исследование

The problem of the psychological well-being of women employed in the educational field currently still has a fairly wide range of unexplored issues. In this paper, well-being is considered in connection with the components of professional satisfaction and motivation, taking into account gender and age aspects. The study involved 140 people, including 103 women aged 20 to 75 years. The study was carried out using theoretical analysis of scientific literature, the Method for diagnosing the subjective well-being of a person (Shamionov & Beskova), Motivation Sources Inventory (version of Sidorenko), Job Satisfaction Survey (P. Spektor), Maslach Burnout Inventory (version by Vodopyanova & Starchenkova), Izard's Differential Emotions Scale adapted by Leonov and Kapitsa, test “Personal differential” (adapted at the Bekhterev Research Institute). Statistical methods: Shapiro-Wilk test, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, pairwise comparison using the Dunn method, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Cohen's q and z- test for comparing two sample correlation coefficients. As a result, differences between different age groups of women were revealed in terms of professional stress, well-being and burnout, as well as differences for women and men in relationship between the psychological aspects of their professional activities and personality traits, emotions and well-being.

Psychometric Analysis of the Modified Differential Emotions Scale and the Six-Item Life Orientation Test-Revised in a Cohort of Older Women from the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Positive affect and emotional resources, such as optimism, may play a major role in women's health and promote healthy well-being later in life. However, positive affect and optimism measures have not been psychometrically assessed in older women, despite relations to health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to psychometrically assess measures of positive affect and optimism and test their association with other measures of well-being. Methods: In a Women's Health Initiative subcohort of 58,810 women (mean age [standard deviation] 79.0 [6.1]; 89% White), positive affect and optimism were measured using the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Performance was assessed using item response theory. Factor analysis was used to explore the construct validity of the LOT-R. Convergent and divergent validity with other well-being measures was tested. Results: Results suggest good reliability (mDES: Cronbach's alpha = 0.90 and omega total = 0.92; LOT-R: Cronbach's alpha = 0.79, omega hierarchical = 0.61, and omega total = 0.83). Item response analyses indicate mDES's ability to discriminate across positive affect; LOT-R was skewed toward lower optimism levels. Exploratory factor analyses suggest a two-factor solution for the LOT-R. Significant, but small correlations in expected directions to well-being measures confirmed validity hypotheses. Conclusions: The mDES and LOT-R measured positive affect and optimism with good reliability, item performance, and validity in a large sample of older postmenopausal women, supporting use of these measures to quantify effects of positive affect and optimism-promoting interventions.

The Role of Gratitude in a Positive Psychology Group Intervention Program Implemented for Undergraduate Engineering Students.

Over the past decades, research on positive psychology for building strengths has proliferated. The present study aimed to explore the effect of gratitude in a 5-week positive psychology group program for undergraduate engineering students which included an intermediary 2-week gratitude intervention. In a mixed-design, 69 students from three engineering departments of the School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), assigned to the intervention (N = 34) and the control group (N = 35), with an average age of 21.52 years (SD = 4.63), were administered the Gratitude Questionnaire-six item form (GQ-6), the Modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). The condition experimental vs. control group was designated as the between-subjects factor, and time, that is, baseline vs. post intervention, was set as the within-subjects factor. Students who received the intervention reported significantly higher levels of gratitude. The increase in gratitude was due to the positive psychology group program. In addition, gratitude showed a significant effect on happiness and optimism, but failed to attain a significant impact on positive and negative emotions and resilience. Further research is needed to elucidate the effectiveness of positive psychology programs for undergraduate engineering students and the intervening cognitive processes.

Beyond Positive Affect: Discrete Positive Emotions Differentiate Major Depression from Social Anxiety Disorder

BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both associated with diminished global positive affect. However, little is known about which specific positive emotions are affected, and which positive emotions differentiate MDD from SAD.MethodsFour groups of adults recruited from the community were examined (N = 272): control group (no psychiatric history; n = 76), SAD without MDD group (n = 76), MDD without SAD group (n = 46), and comorbid group (diagnoses of both SAD and MDD; n = 74). Discrete positive emotions were measured with the Modified Differential Emotions Scale, which asked about the frequency of 10 different positive emotions experienced during the past week.ResultsThe control group had higher scores on all positive emotions compared to all three clinical groups. The SAD group had higher scores on awe, inspiration, interest, and joy compared to the MDD group, and higher scores on those emotions, as well as amusement, hope, love, pride, and contentment, than the comorbid group. MDD and comorbid groups did not differ on any positive emotions. Gratitude did not differ significantly between clinical groups.ConclusionAdopting a discrete positive emotion approach revealed shared and distinct features across SAD, MDD, and their comorbidity. We consider possible mechanisms underlying transdiagnostic vs. disorder-specific emotion deficits.

Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Optimism and Positive Affect in Older Women

Psychological well-being is linked to healthy aging in older women, but associations with health behaviors are not well understood. Our study aims to evaluate the relationships between objectively-measured physical behavior (including physical activity and sedentary behavior) with optimism and positive affect in a diverse sample of older women. Our cross-sectional study of 4168 American women (aged 63–99) with accelerometer-measured physical behavior from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study assessed associations using multiple linear regression. Effect modification by age, race and ethnicity, social support, and number of chronic conditions was examined as well. In unadjusted models, positive associations for physical activity and negative associations for sedentary behaviors were generally linear for optimism and positive affect. In adjusted models, every one-hour increment in weekly moderate-vigorous physical activity was associated with higher optimism by 0.4 score points [Revised 6-item Life Orientation Test, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.6] and positive affect by 0.6 score points [modified Differential Emotions Scale, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.9]. One-hour increments in light physical activity were associated with higher positive affect [0.2 score points; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.33] while one-hour increments in sedentary behavior patterns were associated with lower positive affect [-0.1 score points; 95% CI = − 0.10, − 0.02). Effect modification by age, race and ethnicity, social support, and number of chronic conditions was not observed. In conclusion, associations between physical behavior with optimism and positive affect were modest but suggest greater activity and less sedentary time are associated with greater psychological well-being in older women.

Controlled Future as a Factor of Human Behavior Intentionality

This theoretical and empirical study verifies the hypothesis that the desire to control one’s own future is a significant behavioral factor. A controlled future is a phenomenon at the intersection of internality and emotional response. The relationship between the level of internality and emotional response was analyzed at two levels. The first level featured stable personality traits. They were identified using standard personality questionnaires, namely the Standard Personality Traits Questionnaire modified by E. G. Ksenofontov and C. Izard’s Differential Emotions Scale adapted by A. V. Leonov and M. S. Kapitsa. The second level featured situational personal traits manifested in particular situations as a general state of emotional comfort or discomfort. The authors developed a questionnaire that included six types of situations, each of which had three response options. The first option presupposed a passive (external) position, i.e., waiting for help from others. The second option described an active (internal) position. The third option was intermediate (50/50). Each behavioral option required an assessment of emotional comfort. At the level of subjective-personal traits, the general level of personal internality determined the readiness for action and overcoming difficulties, often associated with negative emotional experiences. A lower readiness for action and transformation triggered stronger negative emotions. The level of situational behavior demonstrated a similar trend: a lower control over the situation was associated with a greater emotional discomfort. However, the relationship between control and emotional comfort was not linear. The level of emotional discomfort increased following the rise in the control level.

A positive psychology group intervention in Greek university students by the counseling center: Effectiveness of implementation.

Most institutions in higher education have emphasized success in knowledge while overlooking Students’ wellbeing. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of a 5-week positive psychology group intervention to a sample of 69 students that were assigned to the intervention (N = 34) and the control group (N = 35). Pre and post measures were taken assessing positive and negative emotions, resilience, happiness, optimism, and self-esteem. In particular, Modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to the participants. A mixed measures design was employed with the condition experimental vs. control group as the between-participants factor and time, namely, baseline vs. post-intervention as the within-participants factor. Except for optimism, compared with students in the control group, students in the experimental group showed no significant differences at baseline and experienced a significant increase in positive emotions and resilience in the post-test. On the contrary, the control group demonstrated no significant difference at post-test. Additionally, the students of the intervention group reported significantly higher levels in all measures in comparison with the students of the control group, except resilience, at post-test. However, when the interaction of design and time was considered, the increase in positive emotions solely emerged as a significant result of the intervention. The implementation of a positive psychology group intervention program can be effective in helping students experiencing positive emotions. More research is needed in order to refine and improve the application of such a program in a university setting, in regard to long term intervention.

Increasing mathematics students' involvement in research activities at teacher education universities

The paper explores the problem of creating interest in mathematics students' research endeavors at teacher preparation institutions. The purpose of the study is to determine whether it is possible to organize students' scientific investigation using the 5E Instructional Model during a workshop on approximation theory and the Fourier series. The study takes into account the survey responses from the students who assisted in assessing the workshop participants' emotional states. The Differential Emotion Scale, a tool for expressing evaluations of positive and negative emotionality, was used to gather the data. The benefits of the atmosphere created by the 5E Instructional Model on students' emotional states and how it shapes their motivation in scientific inquiry when setting up workshop classes are covered in the article. We have reason to believe that running workshops based on the 5E Instructional Model is effective. The students' involvement throughout the session and enthusiasm in research activities increased as a result of the index reduction of their negative feelings.

The Impact of a Virtual Art Tour Intervention on the Emotional Well-Being of Older Adults.

Based on empirical support for the public health value of art-viewing, the present study examines the impact of a novel virtual art tour intervention on the emotional well-being of older adults. We used a pre-post quantitative survey design to evaluate an art tour intervention delivered to older adults (N = 155) directly in their homes and community centers. Emotion was measured using the modified Differential Emotions Scale, and life satisfaction was measured with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. To gain insight into participants' experiences during the tours, we also conducted qualitative interviews with program coordinators at partnering organizations who viewed the tours with participants. Following the art tours, participants reported significant improvements in positive emotions (especially awe) and life satisfaction. There were no significant effects on negative emotions. Program coordinators provided feedback that the tour was engaging, intellectually stimulating, and enjoyable for participants. Findings support the beneficial mental health potential of virtual art-viewing experiences for older adults. Technology may provide an effective platform to deliver wellness-oriented cultural enrichment programming while addressing accessibility barriers linked to in-person arts engagement.

Eating habits during quarantine: Investigating the role of emotions and loneliness in a sample of adults in Greece

Introduction Imposing quarantine as a measure to manage the coronavirus pandemic is a stressful event that is often associated with negative psychological effects. Eating habits seemed to be significantly affected during the quarantine, while strong negative emotions were triggered as the feeling of loneliness increased at the same time.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the eating habits of individuals during quarantine and the role of positive and negative emotions and loneliness in shaping these habits.MethodsAn online cross-sectional study was performed using 3 validated scales, EAT-26 (3 subscales: Dieting, Bulimia and Food Preoccupation, Oral Control), Modified Differential Emotions Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale. Data was collected between April and May 2021 mainly from social media platforms. Statistical analyses included linear regression and mediation analyses.ResultsAbnormal eating habits were detected in 25% of the participants (N= 450, ages 18-74) while the majority reported medium rates of negative/positive emotions and loneliness. Female sex is associated with abnormal eating habits (p=0.010) and mainly dietary behaviors (p=0.029). Negative emotions (p=0.032) and loneliness (p=0.001) seem to be predictive factors of eating habits in general and bulimic behaviors. Negative emotions correlate directly with eating habits. However, we found a significant mediation of loneliness (p=0.032). Furthermore, the observed association between negative emotions and bulimia is partly mediated by loneliness (p=0.018).ConclusionsNegative emotions and loneliness seemed to play an important role in shaping eating habits during quarantine. Multilevel public health interventions are needed to address the negative effects of quarantine and pandemic in general.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

The shame spiral of addiction: Negative self-conscious emotion and substance use.

The bidirectional associations between negative self-conscious emotions such as shame and guilt and substance use are poorly understood. Longitudinal research is needed to examine the causes, consequences, and moderators of negative self-conscious emotions in people who use substances. Using parallel process latent growth curve modeling, we assessed bidirectional associations between shame and guilt and substance use (i.e., number of days in the past 30 used stimulants, alcohol to intoxication, other substances, or injected drugs) as well as the moderating role of positive emotion. Emotions were assessed using the Differential Emotions Scale. The sample included 110 sexual minority cisgender men with biologically confirmed recent methamphetamine use, enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in San Francisco, CA. Participants self-reported emotions and recent substance use behaviors over six time points across 15 months. Higher initial levels of shame were associated with slower decreases in stimulant use over time (b = 0.23, p = .041) and guilt was positively associated with stimulant use over time (β = 0.85, p < .0001). Initial levels of guilt and alcohol use were positively related (b = 0.29, p = .040), but over time, they had a negative relationship (β = -0.99, p < .0001). Additionally, higher initial levels of other drug use were associated with slower decreases in shame over time (b = 0.02, p = .041). All results were independent of depression, highlighting the specific role of self-conscious emotions. Shame and guilt are barriers to reducing stimulant use, and expanded efforts are needed to mitigate the deleterious effects of these self-conscious emotions in recovery from a stimulant use disorder.

Experience in the implementation of the programme of psychological correction of emotional states of disabled convicts

The article presents the results of the verification of the programme of psychological correction of the emotional states of disabled convicts, developed on the basis of a “time” approach and including three main blocks “Past”, “Present” and “Future”. The study involved 68 convicts serving sentences in a maximum security correctional colony (20 people with a disability group and 48 people without a disability). Evaluation of emotional states was carried out using the following methods – TOBOL (Lyudvig Vasserman, Aleksandr Vuks, Boris Iovlev, El'vira Karpova), State-Trate Anxiety Inventory by Charles Spielberger (in Juri Hanin's adaptation), Differential Emotions Scale by Carroll Ellis Izard, the questionnaires of the need for achievement for communication (by Yuri Orlov), the test of frustration reactions (by Saul Rosenzweig).The dynamics of changes in emotional states during the psychocorrectional programme was assessed using the SHPANA technique (Yevgeniy Osin). Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Friedman test, cluster analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results of the verification indicate the effectiveness of the psychological correction programme based on the “time” approach, with disabled convicts serving sentences in a correctional colony. The participants in the experimental group showed positive changes in the dynamics of positive affect. The data also substantiated the need to use an individually differentiated approach in correcting the emotional states of persons with a disability group.