Different Years Of Experience Research Articles

Precision HER2: a comprehensive AI system for accurate and consistent evaluation of HER2 expression in invasive breast Cancer

BackgroundWith the development of novel anti-HER2 targeted drugs, such as ADCs, it has become increasingly important to accurately interpret HER2 expression in breast cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated high intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities in evaluating HER2 staining by human eyes. There exists a strong requirement to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems to achieve high-precision HER2 expression scoring for better clinical therapy.MethodsIn the present study, we collected breast cancer tissue samples and stained consecutive sections with anti-Calponin and anti-HER2 antibodies. High-quality digital images were selected from immunohistochemical slides and interpreted as HER2 3+, 2+, 1+, and 0. AI models were trained and assessed using annotated training and testing sets. The AI model was trained to automatically identify ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by Calponin staining and myoepithelial annotation and filter out DCIS components in HER2-stained slides using image-overlapping techniques. Furthermore, we organized two-phase validation studies. In phase one, pathologists interpreted 112 HER2 whole-slide images (WSIs) without AI assistance, whereas in phase two, pathologists read the same slides using the AI system after a washing period of 2 weeks.ResultsOur AI model greatly improved the accuracy of reading (0.902 vs. 0.710). The number of HER2 1 + patients misdiagnosed as HER2 0 was significantly reduced (32/279 vs. 65/279), and they benefitted from ADC drugs. In addition, the AI algorithm improved the intra-group consistency of HER2 readings by pathologists with different years of experience (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.872–0.926 vs. 0.818–0.908), with the improvement most pronounced among junior pathologists (0.885 vs. 0.818).ConclusionsWe proposed a high-precision AI system to identify and filter out DCIS components and automatically evaluate HER2 expression in invasive breast cancer.

Exploring Bid/No-Bid Decision Factors of Construction Contractors for Building and Infrastructure Projects

While contractors may experience financial failure if they bid on an inappropriate project, bidding on the right project may allow them to profit substantially. Therefore, understanding the various factors that influence the bid/no-bid decision is crucial for construction companies in determining whether to pursue a project. The present study aims to identify the critical factors influencing contractors’ bid/no-bid decisions. A total of 112 responses were collected from a questionnaire survey to rate the relative importance of 22 factors, and these factors were then analyzed based on the type of project and the contractor’s years of experience. The results indicate that the client’s ability to pay, clarity of the scope of work, project cash flow, the need for work, and availability of qualified labor are the most critical factors influencing contractors when making bid/no-bid decisions. The factor “previous experience in similar projects” was statistically significant among building and infrastructure projects, while “project location” was statistically significant among contractors with different years of experience. Finally, factor analysis identifies the six major underlying groups: client-related factors, bidding-related factors, contractor-related factors, market-related factors, economy-related factors, and project-related factors. The study’s findings can help contractors better understand the factors influencing their bidding-related decisions.

Motivation of personnel for career growth

The purpose of the study is to develop scientific approaches to determining motivation methods that affect the career growth of employees depending on their length of service in the organization. The article identifies the main reasons for the insufficient use of personnel motivation methods aimed at fostering their career growth. In addition, three main stages in the career growth of personnel are defined: the stage of professional adaptation, the internal stage and the stagnation stage. Accordingly, at each stage there is a need to use certain motivational methods. The article also analyzes the components of motivation for career growth of employees with different years of experience in the organization. The research is based on the methods of survey, questionnaire, observation, self-observation and the correlation method according to the Spearman criterion. The study of motivation for career growth of employees was carried out according to the following structural components: career intuition, career involvement, career stability, orientation to power, material reward (orientation to money), aspiration to status growth, aspiration to achievement. It has been found out that the average indicators of the components of career motivation also change among employees depending on their length of service. Thus, the most significant correlations between the components of motivation for career growth were determined, in particular between the need for achievements and career involvement; career intuition and career involvement; career stability and the desire for status growth; career stability and orientation to power; orientation to power and orientation to money.

Accuracy of odor-based microorganism identification by microbiological technologists with different years of experience: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionElucidating the characteristic odors of microbes can facilitate microorganism identification. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of microbial identification based on odor and its association with years of experience among microbiological technologists. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on February 19, 2023, in Osaka, Japan, in a laboratory capable of handling microorganisms that were rated at or below biosafety level 2. This study included 70 microbiological technologists (including 45 women) with a mean experience of 7.1 years (standard deviation, 5.7). Ten bacterial strains with distinct odors were selected. Participants were blindfolded and asked to identify the bacterial strains based on odor of cultured microbes alone. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. The primary outcome was the number of accurately identified bacterial strains per year of experience. ResultsThe number of years of experience was not significantly associated with the accuracy of odor identification (regression coefficient = 0.037 [95 % confidence interval: 0.038 to 0.113]). Additionally, generally low accuracy was noted in the identification of individual microbial species. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that microorganism identification based solely on odor is challenging. Incorporating additional information, such as visual cues, may enhance the identification accuracy.

Current status and needs of in-service training for psychiatric nurses in 24 provinces of China: a cross-sectional survey.

To investigate the current situation and need for post-competence training for psychiatric nurses in China and provide a reference for the development of training programs for psychiatric nurses. A cross-sectional design. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2023 with 435 psychiatric nurses from 34 hospitals in 24 provinces of mainland China. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. The training content for psychiatric nurses is extensive, and the training load is large. Psychiatric nurses have high training demands for first aid knowledge, emergency handling ability, and anti-riot skills. Nurses with different years of experience have different training needs. The training needs of psychiatric nurses in specialized and general hospitals also different. The training status of psychiatric nurses is not consistent with the demand. Managers should combine this with psychiatric nurses' own work needs to develop practical and effective training programs.

Education challenges in developing digital competence and critical thinking skills in a post-information age / Desafíos educativos en el desarrollo de la competencia digital y el pensamiento crítico en la era de la posinformación

Today’s post-information world dictates the necessity of investigating the limits and objectives of compulsory teacher education. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital competency formation in teachers with different pedagogical experience through critical thinking skill assessment. The investigation relied on the TRACK-21 self-assessment tool and Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA). The tests were administered to fifth-year pedagogy students and teachers with various years of experience (five, 10 and 15 years). The survey was conducted in three higher education institutions in the People’s Republic of China: Sichuan University of Arts and Sciences (Dazhou, China), Sichuan University (SCU), and Chengdu University of Technology. Time frame: September 2021. The study group included 103 students and 302 faculty members (401 people). The analysis of respondents’ techno-pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK-21) showed the strong leading position of fifth-year students (Group A) in digital competence distribution among all the respondents. Teachers with 15 years of professional experience (Group D) generally demonstrated lower digital competence. This study can be useful for specialists and managers of higher pedagogical institutions, graduate students, teachers and centres of professional development. The paper describes the distribution of critical thinking skills between teachers with different years of experience by assessing their digital skills.

The performance of the node reporting and data system 1.0 (Node-RADS) and DWI–MRI in staging patients with cervical carcinoma according to the new FIGO classification (2018)

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Node-RADS score and the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in predicting metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) involvement in cervical cancer (CC) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The applicability of the Node RADS score across three readers with different years of experience in pelvic imaging was also assessed.Material and methodsAmong 140 patients, 68 underwent staging MRI, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery, forming the study cohort. Node-RADS scores of the main pelvic stations were retrospectively determined to assess LN metastatic likelihood and compared with the histological findings. Mean ADC, relative ADC (rADC), and correct ADC (cADC) values of LNs classified as Node-RADS ≥ 3 were measured and compared with histological reports, considered as gold standard.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs), and accuracy were calculated for different Node-RADS thresholds. Node RADS ≥ 3 showed a sensitivity of 92.8% and specificity of 72.5%. Node RADS ≥ 4 yielded a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 100%, while Node RADS 5 yielded 42.9% and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of mean ADC, cADC and rADC values from 78 LNs with Node-RADS score ≥ 3 was assessed, with ADC demonstrating the highest area under the curve (AUC 0.820), compared to cADC and rADC values.ConclusionThe Node-RADS score provides a standardized LNs assessment, enhancing diagnostic accuracy in CC patients. Its ease of use and high inter-observer concordance support its clinical utility. ADC measurement of LNs shows promise as an additional tool for optimizing patient diagnostic evaluation.

MARKETING ACADEMIC LIBRARIES INFORMATION AND SERVICES: AN OVERVIEW OF SDD-UBIDS LIBRARY SYSTEM

The study examined the marketing of academic libraries’ information and services at the University of Business and Integrated Development Studies and the challenges as well as opportunities associated with this venture. The study was conducted using four participants who are librarians with different years of experience at the UBIDS library. The qualitative research design was adopted and an interview guide was used to gather data from the four participants. The participants revealed through the interview that the key challenge facing the academic library is raising awareness about the academic library among users in their attempt to promote the services and resources of the library which consequently reduces patronage. The study therefore recommended that librarians be trained in building cordial relationships with users. Also, the library should have a conducive environment for easy use. The comfort of library patrons should be ensured by providing enough lighting, high-quality furniture and restrooms to survive the competition from its rivals. Keywords: Marketing, Academic Libraries, Information and Services, Overview, Library System.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and quality control of fetal nuchal translucency.

In clinical ultrasound examinations, it is challenging to perform quality control on the images of each fetal nuchal translucency (NT) and crown-rump length (CRL). However, small measurement differences can increase the probability of false-positive or false-negative diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a quality control system for fetal NT examination. This study aims to control the quality of fetal NT and CRL measurements, evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound physicians in early pregnancy NT measurements, and analyze the impact of increased fetal structure screening on the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities. Data were collected from cases before and after 12 months of NT examination quality control, with 2 214 before quality control and 2 538 cases after quality control. Three quality control data metrics were analyzed: NT multiple of median (NT-MoM), standard deviation (SD) of log10MoM [(SD) log10MoM], and the slope of NT on CRL (SNC). The performance of NT measurements was monitored through the individual CRL NT-MoM within the 0.9-1.1 MoM range of the normal median curve, while grouped based on different years of experience (<3 years, 3-6 years, >6 years), and NT-MoM values among these groups were compared. Data on NT thickening, structural anomalies, and chromosomal abnormalities were retrospectively analyzed during the quality control period. According to the curve equation of the American NTQR project group, the NT-MoM value before quality control was 0.921 7 MoM, the (SD) log10MoM value was 0.091 92, and the SNC value was 12.20%. After quality control, the NT-MoM value was 0.948 3 MoM, the (SD) log10MoM value was 0.094 81, and the SNC value was 11.43%. The comparison of NT-MoM values before and after quality control showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.000 1). The comparison of NT-MoM values measured by ultrasound physicians with different years of experience before and after quality control also showed statistically significant differences (P<0.000 1). The NT-MoM values for the 3-6 years and >6 years groups were higher after quality control (P<0.05), while the <3 years group showed no significant difference before and after quality control (P>0.05). After quality control, cases of NT thickening without significant structural abnormalities accounted for 19.05%, NT thickening with structural abnormalities accounted for 47.62%, and NT normal with structural abnormalities accounted for 33.33%. There were 36 cases of fetal heart abnormalities, accounting for 20.34% of the total abnormality rate, with a positive rate of 36% in chromosome tests. After quality control, ultrasound physicians measure NT more accurately, but differences among measurements remain. Measurements by experienced ultrasound physicians are closer to expected values, usually lower than expected. Monitoring fetal NT and CRL measurements helps improve measurement accuracy. Increasing structural screening during NT examinations, especially for the fetal heart, enhances the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities.

Performance changes due to differences among annotating radiologists for training data in computerized lesion detection

PurposeThe quality and bias of annotations by annotators (e.g., radiologists) affect the performance changes in computer-aided detection (CAD) software using machine learning. We hypothesized that the difference in the years of experience in image interpretation among radiologists contributes to annotation variability. In this study, we focused on how the performance of CAD software changes with retraining by incorporating cases annotated by radiologists with varying experience.MethodsWe used two types of CAD software for lung nodule detection in chest computed tomography images and cerebral aneurysm detection in magnetic resonance angiography images. Twelve radiologists with different years of experience independently annotated the lesions, and the performance changes were investigated by repeating the retraining of the CAD software twice, with the addition of cases annotated by each radiologist. Additionally, we investigated the effects of retraining using integrated annotations from multiple radiologists.ResultsThe performance of the CAD software after retraining differed among annotating radiologists. In some cases, the performance was degraded compared to that of the initial software. Retraining using integrated annotations showed different performance trends depending on the target CAD software, notably in cerebral aneurysm detection, where the performance decreased compared to using annotations from a single radiologist.ConclusionsAlthough the performance of the CAD software after retraining varied among the annotating radiologists, no direct correlation with their experience was found. The performance trends differed according to the type of CAD software used when integrated annotations from multiple radiologists were used.

On the issue of assessing the blood lipid spectrum in working men of different ages

Introduction. Harmful working conditions contribute to the development of dyslipidemia&#x0D; Goal – assessment of the blood lipid spectrum in men of different age groups under conditions of occupational stress.&#x0D; Materials and methods. We analyzed the lipid spectrum of the blood in men aged up to 40 years (groups No. 1, 2 with different work experience, n=22 and n=20) and over 40 years of age (group No. 3, n=20). Assessed working conditions. Nutritional status, diet, physical activity, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption were determined.&#x0D; Result. Working conditions are harmful in terms of tension of 3.2 degrees. Physical activity is insufficient, 47.3% have three meals a day, 52.7% have two meals a day. In groups under 40 years of age with different years of experience, 68.2% and 63.2% are overweight; in people over 40 years old, 55.0% are overweight, class I obesity. at 20.0%. The proportion of smokers is 4.5%, 10.0% and 20.0%. With increasing age and experience, triglycerides increased (from 1.12±0.95 to 1.53±0.94 (p=0.022), total cholesterol (from 5.04±1.22 to 6.31±1.2, p=0.001), low-density lipoproteins (from 3.8±0.98 to 4.83± 1.11, p=0.01) mmol/l; proportions of people with hypertriglyceridemia (from 9.1 to 43.8%), hypercholesterolemia (from 40.9% to 93.7%), high LDL-C (from 47.6 to 93.75%); &#x0D; in subgroup No. 1, 19.0%, No. 2, 33.4% had HDL-C below normal. Lipid atherogenicity increased from 3.34±0.13 to 3.95±0.27 (p=0.031). &#x0D; Limitations. Men under 40 and over 40 years of age with varying years of experience working in hazardous work conditions. &#x0D; Conclusion. Hard work with poor nutrition and physical inactivity contributes to atherogenic changes in blood lipids. It is proposed to expand the list of studies to assess the atherogenicity of lipids in trained workers; in people with strenuous work, determine at an earlier age for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Exploring critical success factors for digital transformation in construction industry–based on TOE framework

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the critical success factors of digital transformation in the construction industry and identify whether the respondents' profiles influence their perceptions of critical success factors for digital transformation.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objectives, a literature review was first conducted based on technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. Then a questionnaire survey was carried out. A total of 86 people were surveyed in this study, mainly from the construction industry. At the level of data processing, SPSS was used for analysis. Among the main tests used were the Shapiro–Wilk test, reliability analysis, mean rank analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test.FindingsThe study identified 15 critical success factors of digital transformation and found the three most important factors of digital transformation. Furthermore, respondents with different years of experience, enterprises with different sizes and different years made no difference in the perception of factors. Respondents' different occupations and types of enterprises created a bias in the perception of factors for digital transformation.Research limitations/implicationsFirstly, the small sample size of the questionnaire limits the reference value of data analysis for certain groups. In addition, this study focuses broadly on construction enterprises without specifically examining different types of enterprises, thus lacking depth in its findings.Practical implicationsThis study establishes a connection between TOE theory and the construction industry through an extensive literature review, identifying relevant factors and providing a reference for future research.Originality/valueThe study's results would enrich the research on digital transformation in the construction industry and provide a reference for the digital transformation of construction enterprises.

Employment of Friday preachers for persuasive influence methods A survey of the Friday sermon

The study aimed to know the Jordanian Friday preachers’ employment of persuasive influence methods in the Friday sermon, and the researcher used the descriptive survey method on a study population represented by the Jordanian mosque preachers affiliated with the Ministry of Endowments, Affairs and Islamic Sanctuaries, who numbered (2035) orators from the official imams of mosques at the time of the study, with a regular random sample. Its amount is (824) orator. The study concluded that the Jordanian Friday preachers use persuasive influence methods in a balanced manner while delivering the sermon, and that they use persuasive influence methods because they enable them to influence the recipient’s demand for obedience in a balanced and reassuring manner, and that the most prominent method preferred by Friday preachers is the method of carrot, and that the method of assigning information to sources Trusted by the public is one of the most important motives for using persuasive influence methods. It has been proven that there are statistically significant differences in the degree to which persuasive influence methods were used during Friday sermon, according to different years of experience, in favor of from 5 years to less than 10 years. Keywords: Friday sermons, methods of influence, encouragement, balance, rhetoric.

An automatic parathyroid recognition and segmentation model based on deep learning of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging.

Near-infrared autofluorescence imaging (NIFI) can be used to identify parathyroid gland (PG) during surgery. The purpose of the study is to establish a new model, help surgeons better identify, and protect PGs. Five hundred and twenty three NIFI images were selected. The PGs were recorded by NIFI and marked with artificial intelligence (AI) model. The recognition rate for PGs was calculated. Analyze the differences between surgeons of different years of experience and AI recognition, and evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of AI model. Our model achieved 83.5% precision and 57.8% recall in the internal validation set. The visual recognition rate of AI model was 85.2% and 82.4% on internal and external sets. The PG recognition rate of AI model is higher than that of junior surgeons (p < 0.05). This AI model will help surgeons identify PGs, and develop their learning ability and self-confidence.

Interpretation of Impedance Data on High-resolution Impedance Manometry Studies-A Worldwide Survey.

Esophageal manometry is the gold standard for esophageal motility evaluation. High-resolution esophageal manometry with impedance (HRIM) allows concurrent assessment of bolus transit and manometry. Inconsistencies between concomitant impedance and manometry data pose a clinical dilemma and has not yet been addressed. We aim to assess interpretation trends of HRIM data among gastroenterologists worldwide. A cross-sectional study using an anonymous survey was conducted among gastroenterologists worldwide. Statistical analysis was performed to compare responses between providers. We received responses from 107 gastroenterologists (26 countries). Most were adult providers (69, 64.5%), and most (77, 72.0%) had > 5 years of experience. Impedance was found to be helpful by 83 (77.6%) participants, but over 30% reported inconsistencies between impedance and manometry data. With incomplete bolus clearance and normal manometry 41 (38.7%) recommended observation, 41 (38.7%) recommended 24-hours pH-impedance, and 16 (15.1%) recommended prokinetics. With abnormal manometry and complete bolus clearance, 60 (57.1%) recommended observation while 18 (17.1%) recommended 24-hours pH impedance and 15 (14.3%) recommended prokinetics. A significant difference was found between providers from different continents in treating cases with discrepancy between impedance and manometry findings (P < 0.001). No significant differences were seen in responses between adult versus pediatric providers and between providers with different years of experience. There is no consensus on interpreting HRIM data. Providers' approaches to studies with inconsistencies between manometry and impedance data vary. There is an unmet need for guidelines on interpreting impedance data in HRIM studies.

Spatio-Temporal Feature Transformation Based Polyp Recognition for Automatic Detection: Higher Accuracy than Novice Endoscopists in Colorectal Polyp Detection and Diagnosis.

Artificial intelligence represents an emerging area with promising potential for improving colonoscopy quality. To develop a colon polyp detection model using STFT and evaluate its performance through a randomized sample experiment. Colonoscopy videos from the Digestive Endoscopy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, recorded between January 2018 and November 2022, were selected and divided into two datasets. To verify the model's practical application in clinical settings, 1500 colonoscopy images and 1200 polyp images of various sizes were randomly selected from the test set and compared with the STFT model's and endoscopists' recognition results with different years of experience. In the randomized sample trial involving 1500 colonoscopy images, the STFT model demonstrated significantly higher accuracy and specificity compared to endoscopists with low years of experience (0.902 vs. 0.809, 0.898 vs. 0.826, respectively). Moreover, the model's sensitivity was 0.904, which was higher than that of endoscopists with low, medium, or high years of experience (0.80, 0.896, 0.895, respectively), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). In the randomized sample experiment of 1200 polyp images of different sizes, the accuracy of the STFT model was significantly higher than that of endoscopists with low years of experience when the polyp size was ≤ 0.5cm and 0.6-1.0cm (0.902 vs. 0.70, 0.953 vs. 0.865, respectively). The STFT-based colon polyp detection model exhibits high accuracy in detecting polyps in colonoscopy videos, with a particular efficiency in detecting small polyps (≤ 0.5cm)(0.902 vs. 0.70, P < 0.001).

Modernising Clearing Processes: Essential Factors for the Successful Implementation of Electronic Cheque-clearing in Libyan Commercial Banks

This research aimed to examine whether Libyan commercial banks have the necessary factors to effectively implement electronic cheque-clearing. The technology, infrastructure, organisational structure, and training are the factors that are considered in this research. A structured questionnaire is distributed to the employees in the electronic clearing department of the four biggest commercial banks in Libya, namely; Jumhouria Bank, National Commercial Bank, Wahda Bank, and Sahara Bank. These banks alone hold around 71.3% of the total assets of the Libyan banking industry. After receiving 217 valid responses for analysis, the researchers conducted the One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, the Spearman correlation test, and the Samples Kruskal-Wallis test. The results affirmed that there were statistically significant obstacles in the technology, infrastructure, and organisational structure factors, but not in the training. The infrastructure challenges were the first of the obstacles mentioned. Furthermore, there is a very strong and significant correlation between infrastructure factors and technical factors, as well as a strong and significant relationship between organisational structure factors and both technological and infrastructural factors. However, organisational structure, technology, and infrastructure factors have a moderately significant relationship with training factors. Ultimately, this research found that employees with different years of experience, as well as employees who have received training and those who have not, had different opinions about the essential factors required for electronic cheque-clearing to be implemented successfully in Libyan commercial banks, except for organisational structure where there are not significant differences between employees with different years of experience.

القيادة المستدامة لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية الأهلية بمحافظة جدة وعلاقتها بسلوك العمل الابتكاري للمعلمين

The aim of this study is to identify the scope of practicing sustainable leadership by managers of private secondary schools in Jeddah Governorate, to determine to what extent the availability of innovative work behavior among teachers, to classify the correlation between the practice of principals of private secondary schools in Jeddah Governorate for sustainable leadership and innovative work behavior of teachers, also to detect the differences Statistically significant between the averages of teachers' responses about their estimates of practicing sustainable leadership by principals of their schools, which is attributed to the variables (gender, years of experience), and revealing statistically significant differences between the arithmetic mean of teachers' responses about their estimates of their innovative work behaviors; Which is attributed to the difference (gender, years of experience). A quantitative approach (survey and correlation) is used to achieve the objectives of the study and to collect data. Researchers used the sustainable leadership scale prepared by Hargreaves &amp; Fink (Hargreaves &amp; Fink 2012), translated it, and based on its codification and arbitration by Al-Khamisa (2022) which he translated and based on codifying Al-Qarni (2020). The study community consisted of private school teachers at the secondary stage, whose number was (1589), the research sample was chosen using the appropriate random sample method (opportunity sample), whose number was (336) with a percentage of (21, 1) from the study population. According to findings of the study school principals contribute to practice sustainable leadership with a (high) level and all dimensions of sustainable leadership came with a high degree of practicing among school principals. The study also found that innovative work behavior is available to teachers with a (high) degree from their perspectives. In addition, it was found that there is a high-value and statistically significant direct correlation relationship at the level of significance (0.01) between the practice of sustainable leadership by school principals and the innovative work behavior of teachers. Moreover, the results show that there were no statistically significant differences in their appreciation of the practice of sustainable leadership by their school principals according to the different years of experience, while the study illustrated that there were statistically significant differences in their appreciation of the practice of sustainable leadership by their school principals according to gender. In contrast, the study demonstrates that there were no significant differences statistics between the averages of teachers' responses about their appreciation for their innovative work behavior according to the variables (gender and years of experience). The research recommends the necessity of consolidating the concept of sustainable leadership among school principals through programs and training packages, holding seminars and conferences that promote this concept and entrenching it among educators, building specific initiatives aiming at promoting innovative work behavior of teachers, and establishing activities and events that ensure the sustainability of these practices in work environments scholastic. The current study suggests some future studies related to the study variables.

Socioeconomic Factors and Perceptual Gaps in Quality Physical Education in Japan

Japan initiated the latest curriculum reform in physical education (PE) to cultivate a desirable programme for students and improve quality physical education (QPE). This study invited 221 PE teachers (53.4% males and 45.3% females) from Tokyo and Hiroshima to demonstrate their perceptual understanding of the QPE situation in Japan. The validated 'Global Index of Quality Physical Education' questionnaire (Ho et al., 2021) was used for data collection. The overall QPE score was 6.37 points out of 10. The lowestscored dimensions were Plans for Feasibility and Accessibility of PE (5.05) and Governmental Input for PE (5.37). There were no significant differences in the perspectives on overall QPE among genders and different years of experience between PE teachers and professionals. Significant differences in perspectives on QPE were evident between PE teachers and professionals working in Tokyo and Hiroshima and between job positions. The discussion focuses on the marginal success of the situation in QPE in Japan, resulting from the socioeconomic barriers of a masculinity culture, gender stereotyping, and city differences in financial situation. The paper discusses the gaps and differences of QPE in Japan and the development implications of quality PE programmes.

القيادة الاستراتيجية وعلاقتها بالإبداع الإداري لدى مديري المدارس من وجهة نظر الهيئة الإدارية بمدارس التعليم العام بمدينة جدة

The study aimed to shed light on the reality of the practice of strategic leadership and administrative creativity among school principals from the point of view of the administrative body in general education schools, the descriptive approached applied. A questionnaire consisting of (37) items distributed to the study sample of (365) employees. The results showed that the practice of strategic leadership and administrative creativity in general education schools came with a high degree of approval. The study indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the study individuals on the axis of the practice of school principals in general education schools in Jeddah for the levels of administrative creativity in different years of experience, and it was shown through the mean ranks These differences are in favor of the study individuals who have more than 10 years of experience (expert), and the study recommended the necessity of involving school principals of the administrative body in formulating its strategic vision and allocating financial resources for the development of human capital and spreading the culture of ethical practices among members of the administrative body.