Different Types Of Temperament Research Articles

The effects of temperament type on infusion extravasation in newborns

Infusion extravasation has an increased incidence in newborns, which can result in various adverse outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of temperament on infusion extravasation in newborns. A total of 209 newborns aged 4–7 days who were treated with infusion therapy were assessed for temperament type using the neonatal behavioral assessment scale score (NBAS). The 2009 Infusion Nurses Society clinical grading criteria for extravasation were used, and the clinical data of the newborns, such as gestational age and body weight, were collected. Out of 209 newborns assessed, 107 developed infusion extravasations, with an incidence rate of 51.2%. Newborns with intermediate temperament type were more prone to develop infusion extravasation. Newborns with low body weight, amniotic fluid aspiration syndrome, or meconium aspiration syndrome were prone to develop infusion extravasation. Body weight, temperament type of consolability, temperament type of peak of excitement, diseases, general temperament type, and NBAS total scores of the neonates were independent risk factors for infusion extravasation. Thus, different types of temperament can have an impact on neonatal extravasation.

Identifying Human Temperament and Character Type for E-Learning Needs Using a Fuzzy Logic Approach

Today, online training and counseling is becoming increasingly popular. This has been achieved through the use of various successful information and communication technologies and electronic tools - Electronic (ICTE). Therefore, significant changes are needed in the training process. People have different perceptions of information and different types of temperament. That is why the training process should be tailored to the needs of each. The training system should take into account that people have different styles of perceiving information according to the temperament and character type of the student-aplicant. This would reduce online training and increase its quality.Traditional psychometric tests are usually very long and difficult, based on a person’s opinion of themselves and thus, they give different results depending on the person’s mood. Also, depending on the mood and need, the person may be manipulated by possible answers. This is because the answers to such test questions are largely based on ongoing processes in consciousness. So from traditional tests there are other types of tests separately from questionnaires: drawing, colors, geometric figures, pictures, card games, numbers, scenarios, manuscript analysis, drawing and other tests. A special advantage of these types of tests is that they rely more on ongoing processes in the subconscious and are therefore more free to manipulate, while also requiring significantly less time and less dependent on mood.Autors task was to combine several other types of tests and create a free test-short program with the ability to present and process subjective information using modern fuzzy technology, which would allow us to determine the applicant's temperament and character type for e-learning and other needs.

Рsychological training of freestyle wrestling athletes

The article examines the psychological preparation of freestyle wrestling athletes, which, along with technical, physiological and tactical training, is one of the most important conditions for the athlete's functional preparation for successful competition. The object of such training is always the athlete's personality with its individual characteristics and typical features.
 The article analyzes the importance of psychological preparation of freestyle wrestling athletes for the development of strength, speed of reaction, strength and endurance and, as a result, victory in the match.
 Free wrestling is a powerful means of learning self-defense skills and comprehensive development of the most important physical qualities: strength, speed, dexterity, coordination, reaction speed. From a psychological point of view, free wrestling contributes to a person's self-confidence, the development of demandingness, patience, courage, initiative, attentiveness and non-standard thinking. As we can see, the physical and mental aspects of an athlete's personality are inextricably linked, and the mental aspect contributes to the development and manifestation of the physical aspect, and is the basis for its formation. Such a dialectical understanding of the relationship between these two processes aims coaches at the constant improvement of the psychological functions and qualities of martial arts athletes.
 Success in sports activities of wrestlers is associated with the timely use of various means and methods of training, while it is important to take into account the peculiarities of education and strengthening the specific mental qualities of an athlete. The impact of pedagogical factors aimed at the formation of personality, taking into account the types of temperament of athletes, can help increase motivation for training.
 Sports specialists point to a significant dependence of a person's physical capabilities on the properties of the types of higher nervous activity (temperament), therefore, athletes belonging to different types of temperament should go to high sports results in different ways. The problem of individualization of the training process, taking into account individual peculiar properties, the psyche, also acquires practical significance.

Heeffectiveness of the personal approach to the technical readiness of table tennis athletes

Purpose-to establish the degree of effectiveness of the personal approach to the technical readiness of table tennis athletes. Material and methods. Students of a sports college took part in the study, namely eight players of different playing style, gender and sports category. The study was carried out for two years (2020-2021) and took place on the basis of the Kherson professional sports college. To assess the personality traits of tennis players, G. Eysenck's methodology for determining the type of temperament, T. Ehlers' method “Motivation for success” and Ch.D. Spielberger's "Personal Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale". The level of technical readiness of tennis players was determined by special control tests to assess the number of hits. Results: among tennis players, 62.5% of extroverts were found. One phlegmatic person was identified by the type of temperament, 25% -melancholic and 62.5% -choleric tennis players. The majority of tennis players (87.5%) showed an average level of motivation for success. 50% of tennis players had a high level of personal anxiety, 37.5% had an average level, and only one (12.5%) had a low level of this sign. In the mesocycle for extroverts, a special "Robot" simulator for table tennis was widely used. In the training mesocycle for introverts, the BCM exercise (work with a large number of balls) was applied. All table tennis athletes showed an improvement in the results of technicalreadiness for all tests in relation to the program norm. The organization and construction of training sessions taking into account the personal approach to the technical readiness of table tennis athletes led to the fact that the highest increase in results was shown by tennis players of different types of temperament. Conclusions: when organizing sports training, a coach should also take into account the personality traits of an athlete, since a tennis player can have effective technical readiness, but not always be able to realize it in training and competitive activities. This is evidenced by the statistically significant relationship between technical readiness and personal anxiety (0.920), as well as between the motivation for success and the temperament (0.752) of table tennis athletes.

Heart rate variability in persons of Tajik nationality during adaptation

Relevance . Maintaining the health of migrants while adapting to the new climatic and geographical conditions of residence is an urgent task. The impact of non-specific factors on the body of migrants in new climatogeographic conditions leads to the strain of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms, and in extreme cases to their failure. Objective - to determine the features of heart rate variability in young Tajiks, depending on the type of temperament living in Krasnoyarsk for more than a year. Materials and Methods: A study of heart rate variability in 63 Tajiks aged 18-40 years with different types of temperament, living in Krasnoyarsk for more than a year, was conducted. The types of temperament were determined by indices in accordance with the method of identifying VP-types of temperament according to E.Yu. Petrosyan, Yu. I. Savchenkov. The following indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated: heart rate, the power of the high-frequency, low-frequency and very low-frequency spectrum (BV, MV-2, MV-1) of the HRV component, the voltage index of regulatory systems (IN), the centralization index (CI) and the activity index of regulatory systems. To assess the statistical significance of the differences between the samples, the Students criteria were used. Results and Discussion. It was revealed that migrants with an intense type of temperament after moving to a new place of residence increased the indicators of heart rate, BV and IN. At the same time, in the studied groups with a calm and adequate type of temperament, the power of BV was significantly reduced, with an increase in heart rate and CI. The conclusion is made about the influence of typological features of temperament on HRV indicators, when adapting to new climatogeographic living conditions. Individuals with an adequate type of temperament demonstrate the normal functioning of the adaptive capabilities of the body. In individuals with the calm type, an increase in the tension of the regulatory mechanisms was revealed. Conclusion . Significant changes in HRV are demonstrated by migrants with an intense type of temperament, in particular, they are characterized by a high voltage of regulatory mechanisms.

The role of temperament in the process of learning foreign language communication

This article discusses the role of temperament in the process of learning foreign language communication of foreign students.
 It is noted the need to use active teaching methods, which are characterized by a high degree of involvement in the learning process and the activation of cognitive and creative activities in solving problems. When using such methods, each participant gets opportunities to express themselves in a situation as close as possible to living conditions. It is believed that in the process of modeling active methods, as well as in the distribution of roles in them, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of participants, ie different types of temperament, which will help most effectively involve foreign students in learning foreign language communication.
 People with the type of temperament "choleric" are offered leading roles, because the choleric is always ready to get involved in important and interesting work.
 People with the "sanguine" temperament type can not only be offered leading roles but also act as moderators in certain situations, because they are a lively, mobile person, quick to respond to environmental events, relatively easily experiencing failures and troubles.
 People with a phlegmatic temperament can be given secondary roles, because they have a strong desire and more or less constant mood, weak external expression of mental state.
 Melancholics, who are easily vulnerable, prone to deeply experience even minor setbacks, who seem sluggishly react to the environment, are offered secondary roles.
 It is concluded that in the process of choosing active teaching methods the teacher must take into account the peculiarities of all types of temperament, which allows not only to create a more comfortable atmosphere in the classroom, but also to ensure a high degree of speech and effectively prepare for foreign language communication.

Association between parent’s and adult offspring’s mentalizing capacity: The moderating role of child’s temperament

There is a lack of studies evaluating temperament as a predictor of one's mentalizing capacity and its moderating role in the relationship between mentalization in parents and their offspring. So, the aim of this study is to examine whether certain types of children's temperament and their parents' mentalizing capacity can predict children's mentalizing capacity and whether children's temperament is a moderator in the context of parent-child relationship. The sample consisted of 388 participants, i.e., 194 dyads of primary caregivers and their adult children. In order to operationalize the mentalizing capacity (of both parents and their adult children), we used The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Fonagy etal., 2017). Different types of temperament in children were measured using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego - auto-questionnaire - short version (Akiskal, Mendlowicz, Jean-Louis etal., J Affect Disord, 85, 45-52, 2005). The results indicate that parents' mentalizing capacity is a significant predictor of this competence in their children. Anxious and depressive temperaments directly predict higher scores on certainty about mental states, while hyperthymic temperament is a negative predictor of a good mentalizing ability. Furthermore, certain temperament types, irritable and hyperthymic, are statistically significant moderators in the relationship between the individual's and the parent's mentalizing capacity. The results suggest the possibility that hyperthymic temperament in children can alleviate the negative consequences of low mentalizing capacity of parents on mentalizing capacity of their children. Finally, the results suggest that positive relationship between high mentalizing capacity of parents and children is especially distinctive for children with irritable temperament.

Mental training in psychological training of shooters

The goal was to study the psycho-emotional sphere and substantiate the methodology of mental training for shooters. Material and methods: the study involved 12 rifle and pistol shooters of the Kherson Higher School of Physical Education. Among them are athletes with qualifications of the second, first categories, candidates for Master of Sports and Master of Sports of Ukraine. The study continued during 2018-2019. In the course of the research, the method of mental training of shooters was introduced. The results proved that the means of mental training had a positive effect on the state of the nervous system of shooters. Sensory motor responses were superior in less experienced athletes. So, for shooters of the CCM level and below, the results are better than those of the masters of sports: 1) according to the tapping test for 0.75 ms, 2) according to the reaction to a light stimulus for 12.5 ms, c) according to the reaction to a sound stimulus to 55 5 ms. The degree of training according to the Schulte table was high among all shooters, but slightly higher among the masters of sports (by 0.05). A rather high indicator of emotional excitability was found in shooters of masters of sports. Among the representatives of this group were persons with different types of temperament. Basically, the sanguine type prevailed, based on a strong, balanced, mobile type of the nervous system. For the representatives of the second group, which included candidates for masters of sports and first-class athletes, this indicator was at an average level. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that the representatives of this group had persons with a predominantly phlegmatic type of temperament. Conclusions: mental training had a positive effect on the level of mental processes and emotional sphere of shooters. On the basis of the data obtained on the mental sphere of shooters, it was established that these indicators were at high and sufficient levels.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF SCHOOL PUPILS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THEIR PSYCHODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

The relevance of taking into account of psychodynamic properties in the physical education of school pupils is connected with the fact that it will make it possible to optimise pedagogical work in physical education classes and introduce differentiated and individual approaches into the process of physical education. The main goal of the article is to provide methodological recommendations on pedagogical work on the physical education of school pupils, taking into account their psychodynamic properties. The study used the methods of analysis and synthesis of literary sources, sociological research, pedagogical observation. In the article there are analyzed basic psychodynamic properties of human, which age temperament, sensitiveness, and dynamic aspects of behavior. The author emphasizes that children have their own characteristics of manifestation of psychodynamic properties, in particular temperament, and these features depend on the properties of the nervous system. There is proved the relationship between mental and psychodynamic properties of schoolchildren. The type of temperament affects on mental stability, excitement, expression, plasticity etc. The article states that such physical qualities of pupils as speed, endurance and strength depends on the type of temperament. There is showed important aspects of pedagogical work with school pupils with different psychodynamic properties. A teacher should use knowledge about the connection between specific psychodynamic properties and different personal qualities, characteristics, abilities of pupils. When applying a differentiated approach to physical education classes and the formation of school pupil’s groups (teams), it is important to take into account the degree of effectiveness of joint work of pupils with different types of temperament, which will contribute to the successful complex development of various physical qualities. The task of a teacher is to promote development of the positive aspects of different psychodynamic properties using a systematic educational work. Correction of the psychodynamic properties of schoolchildren is necessary so that the requirements for the physical development of each individual school pupil correspond to his psychodynamic properties and type of temperament, re-educate the negative traits of certain properties and nurture positive traits, develop the pupil as an individual and optimize the physical education process. Therefore, in the future it will be important to develop methods and means of correcting the psychodynamic properties of schoolchildren and to study the influence of the type of temperament on the development of physical qualities.

Clinical Features according to Temperament Clusters in Depressive Disorder

본 연구는 우울장애 환자군 내의 구별되는 기질 유형에 따라 다른 임상 양상을 탐색하고자 하였다. 우울장애 환자 278명을 대상으로 하여 Cloninger (1994)의 기질 및 성격 검사(Temperament and Character Inventory, TCI)의 하위척도들 가운데 3가지 기질 차원(자극추구, 위험회피, 사회적 민감성)에 대하여 군집분석을 실시하였다. 군집분석 결과, 4개의 유형이 확인되었으며, 이렇게 구분된 기질 유형에 따라 임상 양상이 어떻게 다른지 파악하기 위하여, 공병진단과 MMPI-2-RF를 활용하여 다양한 정신병리를 비교하였다. ‘고립된-겁 많은 유형’으로 명명된 높은 위험 회피를 특징으로 하는 군집(98명)은 4개 군집 가운데 무쾌감증과 같은 전형적인 우울증상이 가장 유의하게 높았다. 3가지 기질 차원 모두 중등도 수준에 해당되어 ‘유연한 유형’으로 명명된 군집(40명)은 우울증의 심각도와 전반적인 정신병리에서 나머지 3개 유형에 비하여 모두 낮은 특성이 있었다. 높은 위험회피와 높은 자극 추구, 낮은 사회적 민감성을 특징으로 한 ‘폭발적 유형’(86명)은 전형적인 우울증상을 제외한 전반적인 정신병리에서 가장 심각한 양상을 보였다. 높은 위험회피와 높은 자극추구, 그리고 높은 사회적 민감성을 특징으로 하는 ‘민감한 유형’(86명)은 전형적인 우울증상에서는 ‘겁 많은 유형’보다 낮고, 전반적인 정신병리나 행동문제에 있어서는 ‘폭발적 유형’보다 낮은 특징이 있었다. 연구결과, 우울장애 환자군 내에 존재하는 기질 유형 간에 구별되는 임상 양상이 있음이 시사되었으며, 이와 관련된 구체적인 특징을 논의하였다. 본 연구 결과는 횡단적으로 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 하였기에 종단적 연구를 통해 확증할 필요가 있다.

Analysis of the correlation between fracture occur and temperament characteristics among school-age children

Objective To explore the correlation of fracture occur with temperament characteristics among and to provide references for preventing the school children′s fracture. Methods Using Chinese 8-12 years old School Children Temperament Scale (CSTS), we investigated 100 school-age children′s patient with limb fractures post-operation and 102 normal children, and analyzed the temperament type and 9 factors of temperament dimension. Results In the temperament characteristic type of fractured school-age children, the plain type, slow moving type and troublesome type were 47, 13, and 40 cases respectively, while 75, 7, 18 in the control group (χ2=16.571, P<0.01). In the fracture group of temperament characteristic dimension, the scores of children activities level, rhythmicity, phobotaxis, response intensity, adaptability, persistent factor were higher than these of control group (P<0.05). By Logistic regression analysis, the temperament characteristic impacted on the happening of children fracture. Conclusions The troublesome type rate of fracture in school-age children is higher than other types of children. Temperament dimensionality factors can affect the incidence of fractures in children. We should take appropriate educational methods based on different types of temperament to prevent childhood fractures in school-age children. Key words: Children; Fracture; Temperament characteristics; Correlation

Study on Group Differences of Online Shopping Based on Data Mining

In the face of complex problems of implementation intentions predict the online shopping behavior, we conducted a preliminary exploration of group differences intention on the online shopping behavior using data mining method. The research results show, different types of temperament, personality, gender and living area in online shopping experience and behavior intention have common characteristics of groups, and different groups have obvious difference in online shopping behavior . Finally, this paper combined with large data and the mobile Internet era characteristic, put forward to large data comprehensive online shopping search behavior index, O2O business model as the foundation, the prospect of research on the construction of implementation intention theory of online shopping behavior.

FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF TRAFFIC JAMS ON THE STATE OF DRIVERS OF DIFFERENT TEMPERAMENTS

Обгрунтовано значущість транспортного затору, як фактора, що впливає по-різному на функціональний стан водіїв різних темпераментів. Представлено результати досліджень факторів, що впливають на функціональний стан водія-холерика і водія-флегматика в транспортному заторі у вигляді характеристичних графіків.

The concept of temperament in psychoactive substance use among college students

Substance abuse is among the leading causes of preventable diseases and premature death but reasons and conditions leading to substance abuse are complex and multifaceted. Different models of abuse and dependence assume an underlying emotional vulnerability. Individual behavioral and emotional reactivity patterns of personality are considered in the concept of temperament but studies linking different types of temperament with substance use are rare. In this study we investigated 1380 inhabitants (59.7% females; 40.3% males) of residential student homes in Austria, using Akiskals TEMPS-M auto-questionnaire. Further, we administered the CAGE- and the HSI-questionnaire and assessed other psychoactive substance use to examine associations between traits of temperament and substance abuse using ordered logistic regression. Temperaments follow different distributions in both genders: Women have higher scores on the depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious subscales and lower scores on the hyperthymic scale than men. The cyclothymic and particularly irritable temperament serve as predictors of self-reported nicotine dependence, alcohol abuse and cannabis use. Interestingly, the depressive temperament seems to be protective against self-reported cannabis use. Substance abuse assessment is based on self-reports only and urine drug and blood tests were not performed. Also, the history of substance abuse is not documented thus temperamental factors could have been influenced by substance abuse if the time of onset was in early adolescence. The study design was cross-sectional, thus limiting causal interpretations. It might be important to consider temperamental traits as protective- and risk factors in the etiology, prevention and therapy of substance abuse in future.

Effects of Elicited Emotions on Cognitive Functioning of Preschool Children With Different Types of Temperament

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of elicited positive and negative emotions on cognitive functioning of preschool children with different temperament types. Emotions were elicited through presentations of video clips before children were asked to perform a series of cognitive tasks. Eliciting positive emotions generated an overall enhancement in children’s cognitive functioning, independent of their temperament. However, specific temperamental characteristics were found to be significantly related to specific cognitive functions. For example, following elicitation of positive emotions, children who were rated high on Attention Shifting performed less well on a “Gestalt Closure” task, whereas performance of children who were rated low on the same subscale was enhanced. Significant differences were found regarding the effect of eliciting emotions on children who rated intermediate as compared with those who rated high or low on several temperamental subscales. These findings are discussed within the contexts of self- and emotion-regulation.

Peculiarities of bioelectric activity of brain in Khakassia people with different types of temperament

The electroencephalography (EEG) method has been used to study peculiarities of the bioelectric activity of brain in Khakassia native people (Russian and Khakas of any sex) representing different types of temperament. The Rusalov questionnaire was used. The background EEG was recorded, as well as the EEG with the application of the standard set of trigger samples. The data obtained have shown no general differences between Russians and Khakases in the bioelectric activity of brain. However, the comparison of EEG data with the data of psychological testing revealed some peculiarities. In Khakas men in the left cerebral hemisphere and in women in the both hemispheres, the intensification of the amplitude in the α-region is observed in groups with high-emotional middle-active and low-emotional middle-active types of temperament. This confirms the assumption on the existence of genetically determined peculiarities of the nervous system characteristic of Khakases.

Features of endocrine and cardiovascular response to emotional stress in subjects with different types of temperament

Functional features of endocrine and cardiovascular response to examination stress were investigated in 105 students of the Medical Academy who were divided into three groups according to their temperament types. Subjects with the “Apollon” type of temperament were found to have an adequate response to emotional stress. Subjects with the “Epimetei” type of temperament were characterized by the inert response of the regulatory and effector body systems, which was a prerequisite for the development of endocrine and cardiovascular disturbances. The prevalence of parasympathetic activity in the dynamics of emotional stress in subjects of the “Dionisii” type of temperament is indicative of their resistance to the harmful effect of stress. The preliminary psychological evaluation of the type of temperament makes possible the prognosis of adaptive reactions to stress or dysadaptation.