Different Types Of Services Research Articles

Inpatient Satisfaction on Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Acute Settings: A Systematic Review.

Many patients experience stress and dissatisfaction when they are admitted to acute settings, where they receive short-term and active care for severe injuries, illnesses, or surgeries. Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of healthcare quality that affects patient outcomes, service delivery, and safety. This review aimed at systematically mapping and summarizing the evidence on non-pharmacological interventions that targeted patient satisfaction in inpatient acute settings. Three electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria were: (1) studies of non-pharmacological interventions to improve patients' satisfaction and targeting inpatients between the ages of 19 and 65 years old; (2) studies written in English and published in the last 10 years, starting from 2017. The search results were imported and screened for eligibility on Covidence. The data was then extracted, using a tool entered in Covidence's Extraction 2.0. The extraction tool included domains on both intervention impact and delivery processes. A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. Randomized control trials represented the most among the group; seven studies were included given that the others were quasi-experimental studies. Those studies were conducted on the different types of services offered in acute care departments. These studies did not use a standardized questionnaire to evaluate their respective trial outcomes or to implement various adapted or adopted modules of intervention. Of note, the intervention was effective in enhancing patient satisfaction in only some of the studies. Different types of intervention modules have been effective in improving acute care patient satisfaction. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention among all patients in different acute care departments at the same time.

Simplified Physics-Based Battery Model for Stationary Energy-Storage Applications

To perform safe battery operation and avoid unnecessary degradation, battery models are needed. How complex, or close to reality the model should be, depends on the purpose of the model and the computational power available. The possibility for accurate parameterization before model implementation is another crucial aspect for the validity. Physics-based models have the advantage to solve for internal battery states, which includes important information to avoid accelerated degradation and to evaluate state of health. But the parameterization effort can be extensive and the computational cost too high to solve for in real time. Identifying the most essential processes and if possible, simplify the model is therefore motivated.Parameter sensitivity is a powerful tool to investigate how much certain parameters and the related processes effect the output signal, i.e. battery voltage. Under normal operating conditions the cells are rarely completely discharged, and as a result the diffusion processes show low sensitivity during operation [1]. In this work we therefore explore the utilization of a physics-based model solving for the electrolyte dynamics, rather than the solid phase diffusion commonly applied in the so-called single particle model. By neglecting the diffusion processes, the second dimension in the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model can be ignored and the computational complexity simplified. The parameterization strategy and validation of the model is further discussed.We evaluate our model by comparing simulations with experimental data from batteries subjected to stationary energy storage applications. The cells are commercial 18650-type NMC/Graphite cells with 2.6 Ah capacity. Different service cycles have different needs in terms of current and voltage, see examples in Figure 1. Capturing these behaviours with a physics-based model might pose different challenges and will further affect the degradation of the cells [2]. A wide range of models exist in literature to capture degradation mechanisms during battery operation [3]. To keep the computational and parameterization effort as low as possible, our methodology is not to include more physics, but instead update the parameters to the processes already included in the model [4]. We explore this strategy comparing the behaviour from different types of services, as well as batteries where the application changes, to see the model response and analyse the battery state of health, see Figure 2. Electrochemical techniques such as differential voltage analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is included to support our conclusions.Our results highlight the value of application considerations when designing battery models, rather than only focusing on physical extreme points. We present an alternative physics-based model with the ability to capture crucial degradation phenomena and validate it against operational data. We believe our findings can be of value for smarter battery operating strategies and a greater understanding of application dependant lithium-ion battery degradation.Figure 1. Some of the application duty cycles part of the experimental study. a) Current profile peak shaving b) Current profile frequency regulation c) Voltage response peak shaving d) Voltage response frequency regulation.Figure 2. Degradation trends from the experimental study. Purple cell initially performing PS following application change to FR_high cycling a) Capacity evolution of the cycled cells b) tortuosity parameter evolution obtained from model parameter fitting c) Measured impedance response during cell reference performance tests d) Calculated charge transfer resistance from measured impedance data.

Impact of Microfinance on Poverty in Zambia

This research studies the impact microfinance has on poverty in Zambia. The study uses simple linear regression analysis to determine if a relationship exists between the two variables, with poverty being predicted while microfinance being used to predict the outcome of its impact on Zambia. It is a well-known fact that most countries in Africa are facing this type of phenomenon, many countries are striving to alleviate poverty by enforcing different measures and one of them is through the introduction of microfinance institutions. This study defines and gives a clear view of what and how microfinance institutions are fighting poverty by providing different types of services to unemployed individuals, individuals who lack access to conventional banking systems, low-income earners, small businesses, and enterprise owners.

Do the types of agricultural socialized services and their diverse suppliers matter to farmland renting in rural China?

Based on the nationally representative panel data collected in 2000 households in 100 villages of 5 provinces in 2016 and 2019, this study analyzed the impact and potential paths of different types of agricultural socialization services (labor-intensive, technology-intensive, marketing) on farmland rented-in from the perspectives of accessibility and diversity of suppliers. The consistent results yielded from OLS, fixed effect model, and instrumental variable method showed that labor-intensive services had positive and significant effects on the probability and size of renting in farmland and it was much larger for the households without off-farm employment or with rich farmland endowment. However, neither technology-intensive nor marketing services had such effects . The substitution effect of different type of services on labor force, the attributes of service providers, and the characteristics of service buyers contributed to the difference. These findings imply that the government should pay more attention to the development of technology-intensive and marketing services, especially for smallholders, while keeping to encourage and support various suppliers to provide labor-intensive services.

Measuring physicians' response to incentives: Labour supply, multitasking and earnings

AbstractPhysicians are typically paid for services completed. Yet, they provide different types of services with different prices, introducing a multitasking element to their labour‐supply decisions. We show that optimal behaviour generates a maximum earnings function in which earnings depend on prices and total hours worked. Estimation by limited‐information methods identifies a lower bound to the own‐price substitution effect of a price change. Full‐information methods identify the full response to incentives, including income effects. We illustrate these methods on a sample of specialist physicians working in Québec, Canada. Our results suggest that the own‐price substitution effects of a price change are both economically and statistically significant. Income effects are present but overridden when prices increase for individual services. In contrast, in the presence of broad‐based fee increases, the income effect dominates the substitution effect, which leads physicians to reduce their supply of services.

Public perceptions towards urban horticulture in front-yard greenhouses: Unveiling ecosystem services and practices for sustainable and resilient city

In the pursuit of sustainability and resilience, urban horticulture holds immense promise for cities. This paper delves into the captivating realm of urban horticulture preferences in Iran, unraveling the factors that shape individuals' inclinations. The results highlight the influence of greenhouse design on urban horticulture preferences. Urban dwellers prioritize cultural ecosystem services over regulating and provisioning services when engaging in urban horticulture activities. Anticipated ecosystem services differ among various socio-demographic groups. Different greenhouse elements evoke distinct perceptions of ecosystem services. However, certain greenhouses can improve the overall perception of ecosystem services due to the strong correlations between different types of services.

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN REDUCING POVERTY AMONG FISH FARMERS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

Agricultural development is the foundation for economic growth and provides a primary means of food security, employment generation, and poverty reduction for Nigerians. These are also the very reasons motivating successive incumbent governments of Nigeria to initiate one type of agricultural intervention program or another to generate employment, attain food security, and aid in poverty reduction. The study assesses the effectiveness of agricultural extension services in reducing poverty among fish farmers in the coastal region of Ondo State, Nigeria. A well-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents and simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 80 respondents. Data collected was analyzed using frequency counts and percentage while Chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation was used for testing the hypotheses. Results of the socioeconomic characteristics show that more than half (58.7%) of the respondents were adults, male (68.7%), married (78.8%), literate (92.5%), having household size of <7 members (92.5%), earned an annual income of <#1,000,000 (73.7%), and having fish farming experience of <5 years (41.2%). Further analysis shows that catfish is mostly farmed by the respondents in the study area (72.5%), belong to one social group or the other (52.5%), and have access to agricultural extension agents (100%). Similarly, the study findings shows that all the respondents (100%) have access to all the different types of services rendered and the different types of agricultural extension services were rendered to the fish farmers which include technology transfer (93%), information and support services (90%), food safety and quality (89%), marketing and distribution (75%), sustainable fisheries (88%), credit and finance (96%), safety measures (100%), training to fish farmers (97%), input supply (88%), and technical expertise (92%). Furthermore, the types of agricultural extension services utilized by the fish farmers include information and support services (100%), food safety and quality (100%), credit and finance (100%), safety measures (100%), input supply (85%), and technical expertise (100%). Types of constraints militating effective utilization of agricultural extension service rendered identified by the fish farmers include weak linkages of research and training centers with extension workers and users (82%), lack of properly qualified/trained extension personal (100%), inadequate number of grass root workers (98%), lack of clear extension strategies (85%), emphasis on welfare than development (88%), much emphasis on technology than its transfer to end users (75%), inadequate infrastructure facilities (80%), and of the respondents and lack of incentives for field staff (100%). There was positive and significant relationships between respondents’ age (r=0.532; p≤0.05), number of years spent schooling (r=0.589; p≤0.05), household size (r=0.117; p≤0.05), annual income (r=0.515; p≤0.05), fish farming experience, (r=0.146; p≤0.05), and effectiveness of agricultural extension services in reducing poverty. The study recommended that more qualified/trained extension personnel should be employed and adequate incentives should be made available to the field staff.

Learning-driven hybrid scaling for multi-type services in cloud

In order to deal with the fast changing requirements of container based services in clouds, auto-scaling is used as an essential mechanism for adapting the number of provisioned resources with the variable service workloads. However, the latest auto-scaling approaches lack the comprehensive consideration of variable workloads and hybrid auto-scaling for multi-type services. Firstly, the historical data based proactive approaches are widely used to handle complex and variable workloads in advance. The decision-making accuracy of proactive approaches depends on the prediction algorithm, which is affected by the anomalies, missing values and errors in the historical workload data, and the unexpected workload cannot be handled. Secondly, the trigger based reactive approaches are seriously affected by workload fluctuation which causes the frequent invalid scaling of service resources. Besides, due to the existence of scaling time, there are different completion delays of different scaling actions. Thirdly, the latest approaches also ignore the different scaling time of hybrid scaling for multi-type services including stateful services and stateless services. Especially, when the stateful services are scaled horizontally, the neglected long scaling time causes the untimely supply and withdrawal of resources. Consequently, all three issues above can lead to the degradation of Quality of Services (QoS) and the inefficient utilization of resources. This paper proposes a new hybrid auto-scaling approach for multi-type services to resolve the impact of service scaling time on decision making. We combine the proactive scaling strategy with the reactive anomaly detection and correction mechanism. For making a proactive decision, the ensemble learning model with the structure improved deep network is designed to predict the future workload. On the basis of the predicted results and the scaling time of different types of services, the auto-scaling decisions are made by a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model with heterogeneous action space, which integrates horizontal and vertical scaling actions. Meanwhile, with the anomaly detection and correction mechanism, the workload fluctuation and unexpected workload can be detected and handled. We evaluate our approach against three different proactive and reactive auto-scaling approaches in the cloud environment, and the experimental results show the proposed approach can achieve the better scaling behavior compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

Health Equity and Children With Medical Complexity/Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs: A Scoping Review

A scoping review was conducted to systematically map the research on children with medical complexity and children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) surrounding health equity. Fifteen articles were reviewed with focus on: access to care, quality of life and well-being, and insurance challenges/financing. Findings suggest CYSHCN require more and different types of services than those for typically developing children and youth, yet the current system is not ensuring access to these services. It is important to understand the unique perspectives, challenges, and opportunities of and for this population to better inform policy, research, and practice.

Marketing instruments of influence on development of service business in time of war in Ukraine

The article discusses various definitions of marketing, its essence, and its main elements. Different interpretations of these concepts by domestic and foreign scientists have been studied. The main key units of service marketing have been determined. Various marketing concepts and the importance of applying new methods and techniques of marketing in the service sector have been studied. The necessity of applying the main types of services in the development of the economy under market conditions has been highlighted. The role of marketing as a factor in the modern development of the service sector in Ukraine, from the perspective of defining the peculiarities and the need for applying its main instruments and methods, has been highlighted. Attention has been drawn to the peculiarities of marketing and its instruments used in market competition when providing relevant services. Conclusions have been made that different types of services require the application of various management approaches, among which marketing occupies a central place. Marketing strategies that allow enterprises to maintain and develop services have been investigated. The market for various services and transportation services has been analyzed, in particular. It has been proven that the role of marketing in the service sector lies in maximizing consumer and producer satisfaction through the application of modern marketing instruments in Ukraine's market economy, regardless of peacetime or wartime conditions. The authors have formulated proposals for improving the application of marketing instruments in the service market during war and post-war times in Ukraine.

Why bother? Local bureaucrats’ motivations for providing social assistance for refugees

ABSTRACT What motivates bureaucrats to integrate refugees into welfare services even when they do not have any legal obligation to do so? How do they decide which services to include refugees and which not? Based on 61 semi-structured interviews with local municipal bureaucrats in Istanbul, and representatives of humanitarian agencies that collaborate with local municipalities I find that bureaucrats choose to cater different types of services to refugees depending on their motivation for extending services. Most municipal bureaucrats initiate cash, food, and in-kind goods transfers to refugees with extrinsic motivations – with the aspiration of appeasing the voters in their locality and protecting the mayor from a possible electoral backlash. Contrastingly, bureaucrats with professional motivations conduct needs assessments and initiate service and program development efforts in response to the specific needs of refugees in their municipalities. These findings are significant as they illustrate that local bureaucrats’ motivations for service extension play a great role in explaining the variation in types of services that refugees can access and terms and conditions of access. They also demonstrate that inclusive distributive behavior toward refugees does not always emanate from bureaucrats’ motivations of helping and benefiting refugee populations but can be instigated by extrinsic motivations.

Dynamics in residential relocation, car ownership, and carsharing adoption in neighborhoods with a high prevalence of carsharing

Many studies have looked into the private car ownership and residential environment factors that affect current carsharing adoption from a cross-sectional perspective, while very few have focused on dynamic variables related to home relocation and changes in vehicle access. Using survey data collected in eight typical neighborhoods with a high level of carsharing in Utrecht, the Netherlands, this study explored how dynamics in car ownership, residential relocation, and current carsharing membership are related, and how this relationship shapes intention for future carsharing membership. The explanatory variables were the changes in residential location, and past and expected changes in private car ownership. Results of our binary logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression modeling show that residential relocation has a limited effect on carsharing adoption: Newcomers from lower urbanization level neighborhoods need some time to get used to carsharing and adopt it. For car ownership dynamics, future intentions to change private car ownership are more likely to affect current and future carsharing adoption than previous changes: Previous and future changes in car ownership and carsharing adoption have different effects on actual and expected behaviors. Our study shows that different functional goals of carsharing services for different types of potential users should be distinguished.

An agent-based simulator for airport ground handling services

Airport ground handling plays an essential role in shortening the turnaround time for better utilization of aircraft that can reduce the cost per flight. One of the key challenges for improving the efficiency of airport ground operations is to comprehensively simulate the ground handling processes to optimize and evaluate various operation strategies. In this work, we develop an agent-based simulator that specifically focuses on the whole process of airport ground handling from landing to takeoff. It allows different types of agents, i.e. aircraft, ground vehicles, operators, and dispatchers, to execute their own behaviors according to the ground operation characteristics. The interactions among different agents are also modeled according to the specific service agreements. We use the Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG) for the case study to demonstrate the interfaces and outputs of the simulator including the simulated flight information, the progress of ground handling services, airfield status, etc. With the developed simulator, we could not only reproduce the real-world operations of different types of services but also have enough potential to optimize and evaluate various airport ground operation strategies under a series of complex scenarios.

Technological Aspects of IBN Technology for Slicing at 5G Multiservice Network

Purpose: The 5G network offers a variety of services, each of which requires specific parameters such as performance, throughput, reliability and latency. In this regard, network virtualization is a robust solution known as network slicing that provides support for different types of services and provides resources that match the needs of each service. The purpose of this review is to examine the implementation of a slicing platform within a 5G multiservice intent-based network that allows network operators to deploy network services in a flexible and customizable manner. Results: The considered system architecture provides the ability to monitor virtual and physical resources using OpenStack Neutron and the FlexRAN controller application. In addition, the implementation of the platform for intent-based network segmentation under consideration gives operators the ability to deploy network services in a flexible and customizable manner.

Service for communication of devices with Internet access: analysis of technologies and method of creation

The subject of study in this article is technologies and services of communication of elements of smart home, as well as the models, methods, and tools for prototyping of interaction of devices for Internet of Things (IoT). The goal is to simplify the process of creation a service for the programmable by an end user device with the ability to communicate over Internet and to simplify the process of choosing the components for such devices. Task: to perform the analysis of IoT systems requirements and possible issues during the process of creation; to perform the analysis of requirements of safety and cybersecurity for IoT systems; to perform the research and classification of components of IoT systems; to perform the research of communication process between elements of IoT system; to analyze IoT communication protocols; to perform the analysis of services for IoT communication; propose the models of communication of IoT nodes; propose technique for creation of service; and provide practical example of implementation of the research results. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The analysis of possible problems and requirements for prototyping elements of smart home systems with Internet access is performed. The analysis of the existing architectures layers of IoT systems is performed. Models of Edge and Fog for IoT system are considered. Analysis of cybersecurity considerations for the devices communication is performed. Five types of components for smart home systems were classified. The process of communication of smart home elements with service at the model level is described. Existing communication protocols for the communication of devices over Internet are analyzed. Commercial and open source communication services for different types of devices are analyzed. Models of IoT node interaction are proposed. Technique of creation of a service for communication of devices and example of use are proposed. Conclusions. The main contribution of this research is the proposed method of creation of own service for communication over Internet for devices implemented on the basis of widely used microcontrollers. Based on the proposed classification of IoT hardware components, it is possible to simplify the decision-making process of selection based on the parameters of price, required efforts from the end customer for installation, and expandability in terms of the possibility of integration of the solution with wider systems. The performed analysis allows to conclude that from existing services ThingSpeak is interesting for use with the simplest chips, and Home Assistant is the preferable solution for home automation.

Research of 5G HUDN network selection algorithm based on Dueling-DDQN

Due to the dense deployment and the diversity of user service types in the 5G HUDN environment, a more flexible network selection algorithm is required to reduce the network blocking rate and improve the user’s quality of service (QoS). Considering the QoS requirements and preferences of the users, a network selection algorithm based on Dueling-DDQN is proposed by using deep reinforcement learning. Firstly, the state, action space and reward function of the user-selected network are designed. Then, by calculating the network selection benefits for different types of services initiated by users, the analytic hierarchy process is used to establish the weight relationship between the different user services and the network attributes. Finally, a deep Q neural network is used to solve and optimize the proposed target and obtain the user’s best network selection strategy and long-term network selection benefits. The simulation results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the network blocking rate while reducing the switching times.

Patterns of service utilization among youth with substance use service need: a cohort study

BackgroundIntegrated youth services (IYS) are vital to addressing the needs of youth who use substances. Evidence on the characteristics of youths accessing these services and the types of services accessed have been limited. The objectives were to identify sociodemographic, self-reported health and mental health, patterns of service utilization (service type and frequency of visits) among youths with different levels of substance use service needs (low, moderate, and high), and to estimate the extent to which substance use service needs, self-reported health and mental health influenced the frequency of visits and types of service utilized.MethodsData were collected from youth (12–24 years) accessing IYS centres in Canada. Information on socio-demographic factors, substance use in the last month, self-rated health measures, number of service visits, and type of services utilized were included. Poisson regression was used to estimate the relationship between substance use needs and number of service visits and the different type of services utilized.ResultsOf 6181 youths, 48.0% were categorized as low substance use service needs, 30.6% had moderate needs and 21.4% had high needs, with higher proportion of men in the high needs group. Mental health and substance use (MHSU) services were utilized the most across all three groups, followed by counseling. The median number of visits was 4 for the low and moderate needs group and 5 in the high needs group. People with high service needs had 10% higher rate of service visits and utilized 10% more services than people with low service needs (service visits: RR = 1.1 (95%CI: 1.1–1.2); service type: RR = 1.1 (95%CI:1.0-1.1)). The rate of service visits increased by 30 to 50% and the number of services increased by 10–20% for people who rated their health good/fair/poor. Similarly, the rate of service visits increased by 40 to 60% and the number of services increased by 20% for people who rated their mental health good/fair/poor.Conclusions and impactsOur study highlighted that regardless of service needs, youth who use alcohol and drugs have complex intersecting needs that present once they access integrated youth services.

Research on the Spatial Pattern of the Logistics Industry Based on POI Data: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

How to optimize the spatial layout of the logistics industry is a challenge faced by every city under the rapid development of e-commerce nowadays. Enterprises and nodes as the core of logistics and their locational formation mechanisms are the key content of the study. Based on the API platform of Gaode Map, the POI data of Zhengzhou City with representative years during 2012–2021 were collected. Using the methods of industry concentration evaluation and nuclear density analysis, the spatial pattern changes of the logistics industry in Zhengzhou in recent years are demonstrated, the differences in location selection of the logistics industry are analyzed, and the analysis of its formation mechanism is made. The results of the study show that: (1) the logistics industry in Zhengzhou has developed rapidly in recent years, forming a “double core” spatial pattern of agglomeration near the four urban areas in the center of the metropolitan area and Xinzheng Airport, with a high degree of coordination in the agglomeration of industries and practitioners; and (2) the layout of logistics nodes is influenced by government planning, and logistics enterprises have strong autonomy in the layout. In the process of industrial agglomeration, the government guides the industry to gradually achieve agglomeration by laying out the transportation environment and providing low-rent land for industrial parks, while logistics enterprises provide services for different types of groups through segmenting specialized markets for different types of groups to provide services.

How to estimate carbon footprint when training deep learning models? A guide and review

Machine learning and deep learning models have become essential in the recent fast development of artificial intelligence in many sectors of the society. It is now widely acknowledge that the development of these models has an environmental cost that has been analyzed in many studies. Several online and software tools have been developed to track energy consumption while training machine learning models. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive introduction and comparison of these tools for AI practitioners wishing to start estimating the environmental impact of their work. We review the specific vocabulary, the technical requirements for each tool. We compare the energy consumption estimated by each tool on two deep neural networks for image processing and on different types of servers. From these experiments, we provide some advice for better choosing the right tool and infrastructure.

Every tenth child: Heterogeneity in characteristics and life-course patterns among children in contact with child welfare services

Every tenth Norwegian child has been in contact with the child welfare services (CWS) before age 18. This paper describes the variation in background characteristics of CWS children with different types of services and their life-course patterns from ages 10 to 25, compared to other children. We use high-quality population-wide Norwegian register data, covering about 860000 children from birth cohorts 1987–2001, of which roughly 85000 have received a CWS initiative. CWS children typically have lower socioeconomic backgrounds than other children. In terms of individual outcomes, they are more likely to have a criminal charge, be prescribed drugs for mental health and ADHD, fail in the educational system, and experience labor market marginalization. However, the heterogeneity among CWS children receiving different initiatives is more pronounced than differences between those in contact and those not. Adolescents with multisystemic therapy (MST) have the most unfavorable life-course patterns, in line with children in childcare institutions. Still, MST youth enter CWS late and have an advantaged family background compared to other CWS children, suggesting that individual-level risk factors are particularly important for sorting into MST.