Different Types Of Light Research Articles

Modern lighting systems for livestock enterprises

The constant rise in electricity prices, at least 10% each year, makes livestock growers pay a lot of attention to finding ways to reduce their costs. Between different types of lighting, including in the field of agriculture, the leader in developed countries is LED. The main advantage of LED technology is energy efficiency. Properly selected intensity and duration of illumination have a very positive effect on health, fertility, well-being and productivity of dairy cattle and poultry. The 16-hour illumination regime at a level of 150–200 lux followed by 8-hour darkness leads to an increase in milk yield by 15%, increased fertility, reduced intervals between calving and early diagnosis of animal diseases. We recommend to keep at least 150 lux for 16–18 hours, and then 8–6 hours of darkness for quality pig development. The farrowing room requires 16 hours of light followed by an 8-hour period of darkness. The minimum level of illumination for horses is 150–200 lux. This level of illumination coupled with the 16-hour lighting regime and the subsequent 8-hour darkness gives positive results in reproduction, making a significant impact on hormonal levels and fertility of horses. The traditional incandescent lamps, while performing their lighting functions, lose thermal energy production to 95% of electricity, and only 5% turns into useful light energy. When operating LED bulbs 40–50% of electric energy is converted into light energy. Thus, the efficiency of LED lamps is 5–10 times higher than that of incandescent lamps. The biggest drawback of LED bulbs is their value, but the use of LED devices can save up to 70% of electricity. Energy-saving lamps save up to 80% of energy, sometimes even more. Obviously this becomes, if you translate interest in hryvnia. At a considerable cost of fluorescent lamps (LEDs) and LEDs during their work (from 6-12 thousand h and up to 50 thousand h.) It is possible to save 165–1314 UAH. And this is on one lamp. The main difference is the price for the lamps themselves. LL costs about 25 UAH, and LED – 80–250 UAH. The fairly high cost is compensated for a long time. Lamps can serve from 4 years (L) to 12 years (LED lamps). In animal husbandry, as in one of the most energy intensive industries, the use of LED systems is most relevant, since it allows you to reduce the cost of production.

Using field-based entomological research to promote awareness about forest ecosystem conservation

Interactions between plants, insect herbivores and associated predators represent the majority of terrestrial biodiversity. Insects are vital food sources for many other organisms and provide important ecosystem functions and services including pollination, waste removal and biological control. We propose a complete and reproducible education programme to guide students to understand the importance of managing and conserving forest ecosystems in their region through the study of insect ecology and natural history. Our programme involved lectures, workshops and field surveys of insects with a group of 60 high school students in Eastern Africa (Ethiopia). It addresses the key stages of an entomological research project including: 1) general entomological knowledge and understanding the role of insects in terrestrial diversity and in ecosystem functioning and services; (2) the proposal of simple research questions including hypothesis development and evaluation using scientific literature, 3) fieldwork using different types of light traps; 4) sorting and identification of the insect orders using simple diagnostic keys and illustrated plates; 5) analysing and interpreting the results and 6) demonstrating findings to peers and a public audience. Identifying insects, exploring their natural history and understanding their functions in the field bring the students towards a better understanding and awareness of the importance of forest ecosystem conservation.

Comparative Analysis of Different Commercial Lights

There is a huge amount of financial losses due to usage of inefficient appliances in domestic, commercial and industrial sectors. A common appliance which occurs in the domestic, industrial and commercial loads is the lighting. This paper represents the study of different types of lights used in shopping malls by focusing on the different parameters of lights as Lumens, efficiency, power consumption, temperature. A survey was conducted in the shopping mall and measurements were also taken which shows the negative impact on the economic, power sector and environment. The proposed system was initiated by using the other types of lights with the help of DIALUX software which shows the improved results of cost, Lumens, temperature, power consumption and environmental benefits.

Microfluidics-Assisted Synthesis of Cross-Linked Colloidosomes with Multisensitive Behaviors: A Potential Platform for Photo Memory Device and Blue-Light-Triggered Release Vehicle

Uniformly sized and cross-linked colloidosomes were prepared via microfluidic emulsification combined with a post-cross-linking reaction between NH2/ruthenium dual-functionalized microgels and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-r-(N-acryloxysuccinimide)-based polymers. When mixed with catalyst-free Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction substrates, the colloidosomes first experienced decrease in size and then exhibited mechanical oscillations. In addition, the colloidosome behavior can be regulated using different types of light, which then displayed reversible deswelling/swelling cycles under alternating white light on/off stimuli, but only expanded and even ruptured under the stimulus of continuous blue light illumination. These multisensitive colloidosomes could be potentially applied in the fields of photo memory devices and blue light-triggered release vehicles.

Influence of the quality of artificial light on grafting tomato

To improve the success of grafted tomato plants, the response under different types of lighting has been evaluated. The lights used are compact fluorescent, high efficiency fluorescent, standard fluorescent and pure Blue-Light-Emitting Diodes. The assay was conducted in a culture chamber under the following conditions: temperature (night-day) 17.5/19.8 degreesC (0.8 +- 0.2/0.1 degreesC), relative humidity 56.44/72.40% (6.65 +- 0.01%) and radiation 92, 70, and 36 Wm-2. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grafting method used was tube grafting with a small grafting clip using the cultivars Myla as scion and Maxifort as rootstock. Spectral radiation was measured at canopy level. Fresh and dry biomass in partitioning organs (leaves, stems and roots), Indol Acetic Acid (IAA), proline and reducing sugars were quantified. Standard fluorescent lamps have a very interesting spectral quality for grafting applications due to their B:R (blue:red), B:FR (blue:far red), PAR:NIR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation:Near Infrared) and R:FR (Red:Far Red) ratios; grafted plants under standard fluorescent lamps present lower proline concentrations (990mug per g of fresh weight) and higher sugar concentrations (27mug per g of fresh weight) than plants under other treatments. Furthermore, standard fluorescent lamps ensure the highest stem and root growth as well as an adequate water status.

Living with Light: an ethnographic study of older people’s use and experience of lighting at home

This ethnographic study aims to better understand the culture, values and everyday life of elderly people in view of their use of lighting in their homes. By addressing different types of lighting and exploring when, how and why older people used various lighting sources in their homes, the study seeks new insight into and an in-depth understanding of how older people experience light in their everyday lives. The paper introduces the results of a qualitative analysis of the collected data and presents some observations on the values and meanings the elderly attach to light and lighting in their daily lives. It is argued that these patterns are largely shaped by the elderly’s bodily, social and cultural experiences and contexts, so a framework encompassing four major themes is proposed: 1. Traditions, Economy and Environment; 2. Quality of Life and Independence; 3. Health; and 4. Security and Safety.

The Effect of Previous Material Research into the Manuscript of Dvůr Králové and the Manuscript of Zelená Hora on their Current State

In 2017, the National Museum commemorated the bicentenary of the discovery of the Manuscript of Dvůr Králové and the Manuscript of Zelená Hora by further material research into both works and especially by an exhibition of their originals. The main aims of this research into the manuscripts included the documentation and evaluation of their current physical condition and the mapping of the effect of the microchemical analyses performed in the context of the disputes over the authenticity of the manuscripts between the middle of the 19th century and the 1970s. For the achievement of these objectives, a detailed documentation of all the pages of the manuscripts in different types of lighting (visible direct, lateral, transmitted, ultraviolet, infrared), optical microscopy, and the identification of the degradation productions of damaged places by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis and Raman spectroscopy were used. This provided new information on the current physical condition of the manuscripts and documentation of the damage caused by historical microchemical testing. In addition, some previously unpublished historical tests were identified, thus offering a new perspective on some current damage of the two manuscripts.

Analysis and solution of problems in the development of automatic color sorting systems

The development of automatic sorting systems is relevant and in demand in various industries. In particular, in the food industry, such systems are used to sort different fruits of plants by color. However, there are a number of difficulties associated with the development process. These include filtering the light flux and finding the optimal data processing. This article briefly reflects the steps that have been taken in finding the best way to illuminate the control area, and describes how to solve the problem of the influence of different types of lighting on the sensor readings. The method of processing data from the color sensor by the method of standards is also considered. The described solutions allow to achieve the required results in the development or optimization of automatic color sorting systems.

Influence of different types of light on the response of the pulp tissue in dental bleaching: a systematic review.

This systematic review (PROSPERO register: CRD42016053140) investigated the influence of different types of light on the pulp tissue during dental bleaching. Two independent authors conducted a systematic search and risk of bias evaluations. An electronic search was undertaken (PubMed/Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other databases) until May 2017. The population, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICO) question was: "Does the light in dental bleaching change the response of the pulp to the bleaching procedure?" The intervention involved pulp tissue/cells after bleaching with light, while the comparison involved pulp tissue/cells after bleaching without light. The primary outcome was the inflammation/cytotoxicity observed in pulp after bleaching. Out of 2210 articles found, 12 articles were included in the review; four were in vivo studies (one study in dogs/others in human), and eight were in vitro studies (cell culture/with artificial pulp chamber or not). The light source used was halogen, light-emitting diode (LED), and laser. Only one in vivo study that used heat to simulate light effects showed significant pulp inflammation. Only two in vitro studies demonstrated that light influenced cell metabolism; one using halogen light indicated negative effects, and the other using laser therapy indicated positive effects. Given that animal and in vitro studies have been identified, there remain some limitations for extrapolation to the human situation. Furthermore, different light parameters were used. The effects of dental bleaching on the pulp are not influenced by different types of light, but different light parameters can influence these properties. There is insufficient evidence about the influence of different types of light on inflammation/cytotoxicity of the pulp.

Synergistic dynamics of light, photoperiod and chemical stimulants influences biomass and lipid productivity in Chlorella singularis (UUIND5) for biodiesel production

Microalgae have emerged as a potential alternative for the production of many useful compounds like protein, carbohydrate and lipid. Lipid-rich microalgae are important and rich source for alternative energy production. In order to commercially utilize microalgae for energy production, the lipid productivity should be enhanced. Keeping in view the above-mentioned potentials of microalgae, in the present study, we have attempted to display the role of chemical stimulants and light in the growth and lipid production of the microalgae Chlorella singularis (UUIND5). During the present investigations, effect of varying photoperiods and different types of lights and chemical stimulants, viz. CaCl2 and kinetin on growth rate and lipid production, was studied. The maximum growth rate recorded was 166 ± 0.3 mg/L/d, when 0.80 g/l CaCl2 and 0.5 mg/l kinetin were added to Bold’s basal medium. C. singularis was then cultivated in this medium for 14 days under sunlight +LED (10-h sunlight + 14-h LED light) at photoperiod 24-h light/0-h dark. The maximum lipid yield 30.2% of dry wt. was obtained under sunlight +LED. Further, the gas chromatography analysis also showed the presence of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). FAMEs profile was analyzed according to ASTM D6751 specification. Thus, it was concluded that sunlight +LED at 24-h light/0-h dark (100 μmol photons m−2 s−1) photoperiod with CaCl2 and kinetin is an effective strategy to boost lipid productivity in C. singularis (UUIND5).

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING AS AN ARTISTIC AND IMAGINATIVE MEANS IN THE INTERIOR OF CHILDREN’S HOSPITALS

The scientific problem. Methods of interior lighting in children’s hospitals require detailed study. In the research by A. Dunaevsky, on the basis of which the book «Architecture of medical institutions» was written in 1940, lighting in hospitals as a functional component of the building is considerеd. In the works by V. Stepanov, «Specialized educational and medical centers» (1978), and G. Gotsiridze, «Modern foreign hospitals» (1970), techniques for providing hospitals with natural and artificial lighting are describеd. In the study «Basics of interior design» by A. Oliinyk, V. Cherniavskyi, and L. Hnatiuk (2008), natural lighting is described as a means of forming interior space. None of the scientific papers approaches lighting as a component of art in the interior space of children’s hospitals, but the findings of these studies can be used to solve this problem.The purpose of the article. In this research, interior lighting in children’s hospitals is defined not as a technical component, but as an artistic tool. The research methodology consisted in the comparison of various systems, types and methods of interior lighting and their classification in order to identify the most suitable ones for children’s hospitals. An analogy was also drawn between different types of lighting so as to attach artistic value to the interior space of medical centers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in determining the interaction of light and other artistic methods, based on the example of analyzed lighting variations, and giving consideration to natural and artificial lighting as design tools that facilitate recovery of the child. Conclusions. It is lighting that forms the child’s perception of visual images. Light also conditions the general impression of the design object. Light divides, zones, shapes, organizes space, making it non-monotonous, meaningful and interesting, which is the crucial factor in facilitating recreation and recovery of the child. Complex engineering approach is not sufficient without taking into consideration the various functions of light in the interior and its impact on the child. Light is also a material that cannot be touched, but it complements and completes the interior space. Light is one of the most important components of design. To date, the diversity of artificial light sources should be a motivation for architects to create a comfortable environment for ill children who are forced to stay away from home.

Luminescent, magnetic and optical properties of ZnO-ZnS nanocomposites

The structure, particle morphology, optical and magnetic properties of ZnO, ZnS and ZnO-ZnS nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method are reported. ZnO and ZnS were combined at room temperature by an ex situ synthetic route to prepare ZnO-ZnS nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited particle morphology different from that of ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles. The ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles exhibited quantum confinement as inferred from the widening of their respective bandgap energies. The electron paramagnetic resonance data provided evidence for the existence of magnetic clusters near the surface, electron to nuclei interactions and defect states. The ZnO-ZnS nanocomposites exhibited tunable emission that was dependent on the ratio of ZnO to ZnS. These composites were evaluated for application in different types of light emitting devices.

Photostablity of Bis-(2-nitrobenzalidene) benzidineb by different types of radiation

The stability of synthesized Schiff base [Bis-(2-chlorobenzalidene) benzidine] have been studied under different types of light (UV , Visible and sunlight) kinetic study of photolysis was done in DMF solvent by monitoring the concentration of Schiff base, using UV-Vis spectroscopy . The High Performance Liquid Chromatography analytical technique coupled with UV-visible spectrophotometer used to detect the intermediate compounds formed in the photolysis it was found that the photolysis process exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results show the photolysis rate constants in the process using UV light is higher than that using visible or sunlight radiation.

Blood pulsation measurement using cameras operating in visible light: limitations.

BackgroundThe paper presents an automatic method for analysis and processing of images from a camera operating in visible light. This analysis applies to images containing the human facial area (body) and enables to measure the blood pulse rate. Special attention was paid to the limitations of this measurement method taking into account the possibility of using consumer cameras in real conditions (different types of lighting, different camera resolution, camera movement).MethodsThe proposed new method of image analysis and processing was associated with three stages: (1) image pre-processing—allowing for the image filtration and stabilization (object location tracking); (2) main image processing—allowing for segmentation of human skin areas, acquisition of brightness changes; (3) signal analysis—filtration, FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) analysis, pulse calculation.Results and conclusionsThe presented algorithm and method for measuring the pulse rate has the following advantages: (1) it allows for non-contact and non-invasive measurement; (2) it can be carried out using almost any camera, including webcams; (3) it enables to track the object on the stage, which allows for the measurement of the heart rate when the patient is moving; (4) for a minimum of 40,000 pixels, it provides a measurement error of less than ±2 beats per minute for p < 0.01 and sunlight, or a slightly larger error (±3 beats per minute) for artificial lighting; (5) analysis of a single image takes about 40 ms in Matlab Version 7.11.0.584 (R2010b) with Image Processing Toolbox Version 7.1 (R2010b).

Temperature changes influenced by different types of light curing units during polymerization of resin-based dental composite materials

Temperature changes influenced by different types of light curing units during polymerization of resin-based dental composite materials

Beyond acquisition: Exploring energy consumption through the appreciation and appropriation of domestic lighting in the UK

A combination of energy efficiency improvements through bulb innovation and the strengthening of government policies that have encouraged the acquisition of low-energy bulbs have contributed to moderate energy consumption reductions in the UK domestic lighting sector. The story of this transition is often presented as a success of sustainability initiatives, even though the rate of this transition has been slow and the limitations of the dominant framing (market-led initiatives) have been consistently questioned. By analysing contemporary usages of lighting this article presents two additional analytical frames beyond ‘acquisition’ to explore domestic lighting and explain its consumption. Using new data from a survey (N=1458) focusing on domestic lighting, the paper considers how bulbs and lighting set-ups are ‘appreciated’ explaining, in turn, why energy-efficient bulbs have diffused slowly and why, in some instances, households are adopting more energy-intensive lighting systems. The paper considers how and why light is ‘appropriated’ within everyday domestic practises and how these practises demand different types of lighting. It is argued that rooms where multiple practises are performed require multiple light points to cope with varying lighting demands. In conclusion it is argued that multiple changes in domestic lighting have occurred in relation to the qualities of light that are appreciated through the performance of everyday practises into which that light is appropriated, and that policies focused on purchasing and product innovation capture only two aspects of lighting dynamics.

Effect of ZnO on a Superhydrophilic Self-Cleaning Properties of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Thin Film on Glass Slide Substrate

This work aims to study the effect of ZnO containing in TiO2/SiO2 film on the superhydrophilic property after exposed to different types of light. The metal solutions were prepared by sol-gel technique and the film was deposited on glass slides by dip coating method. The parameter studied was the amount of ZnO in the TiO2/SiO2 film. The contents of ZnO were 5-20% weight (increased by 5%). The amount of TiO2 was constant at 30% weight. The obtained films were analyzed for their roughness. The results indicated that film roughness changed according to the ZnO contents. With 5%ZnO in the thin film, the roughness was 0.726 nm while 20%ZnO obtained the roughness of 2.128 nm. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for measuring of transmittance of films. At wavelength of 550 nm, the transmittances of each film were greater than 90%. Band gap energy of each film was calculated from the transmittance data. It was found that the average band gap energy of the films was 2.47 eV. Then, the films contained various amount of ZnO were grouped into 2 sets. The first set was exposed to visible light while the other set was exposed to UV. The duration of exposure was 5 hr. Both sets of films after exposed to any light were kept in a black box controlled relative humidity of 85%. Each film was measured contact angle every day. It was found that the 30%TiO2/5%Zn/SiO2 film exposed to visible light showed the best superhydrophilic property. The contact angle was about 0-5° within 3 days. This may due to the reduction of band gap energy in the presence of ZnO in TiO2/SiO2 films to 2.41 eV and the roughness of the film.

Implementation of smart phone video plethysmography and dependence on lighting parameters.

The remote measurement of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) via a digital camera (video plethysmography) has emerged as an area of great interest for biomedical and health applications. While a few implementations of video plethysmography have been demonstrated on smart phones under controlled lighting conditions, it has been challenging to create a general scalable solution due to the large variability in smart phone hardware performance, software architecture, and the variable response to lighting parameters. In this context, we present a selfcontained smart phone implementation of video plethysmography for Android OS, which employs both stochastic and deterministic algorithms, and we use this to study the effect of lighting parameters (illuminance, color spectrum) on the accuracy of the remote HR measurement. Using two different phone models, we present the median HR error for five different video plethysmography algorithms under three different types of lighting (natural sunlight, compact fluorescent, and halogen incandescent) and variations in brightness. For most algorithms, we found the optimum light brightness to be in the range 1000-4000 lux and the optimum lighting types to be compact fluorescent and natural light. Moderate errors were found for most algorithms with some devices under conditions of low-brightness (<;500 lux) and highbrightness (>4000 lux). Our analysis also identified camera frame rate jitter as a major source of variability and error across different phone models, but this can be largely corrected through non-linear resampling. Based on testing with six human subjects, our real-time Android implementation successfully predicted the measured HR with a median error of -0.31 bpm, and an inter-quartile range of 2.1bpm.

A Review Relations of Optical Tomography and Optical Coherance Tomography

Optical Tomography (OT) is a form of computed tomography using a digital model of the volume of an object by reconstructing an image of the light transmitted and scattered by the object. OT is used mostly as a form of research in medical imaging. OT depends on the reference object being at least partially light transmitting or translucent, so it works best on soft tissue, such as breast and brain tissue. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new technology for performing high-resolution cross-sectional imaging. OCT is similar to ultrasound imaging, but uses different types of light instead of sound. OCT can provide cross-sectional images of tissue structure on the micrometer scale and in real time. OCT serves as a kind of optical biopsy and is used as a medical diagnostic imaging technology because, unlike conventional histopathology, it does not require the removal and processing of tissue specimens for microscopic examination. The study was carried out to see how the two types of optical imaging and the use of concepts and components used in the system. The light source is used to show different levels of penetration and resolution for both methods is used. The use of an interferometer in optical imaging applications is discussed along with examples of commonly used methods. The optical imaging method contributes significantly to the diversity of tomography systems.

Effect of vegetational shade and its components on stomatal responses to red, blue and green light in two deciduous tree species with different shade tolerance

Stomatal responses to red, blue and green light were measured in shade-midtolerant Nothofagus alpina and shade-avoidant Betula pendula seedlings grown in full sunlight (control, C-set), simulated vegetational shade (IUW-set), or with a single component of vegetational shade: decreased light intensity (I-set) or attenuated UV irradiance (U-set). In N. alpina, stomatal opening response to red light switch-on was stronger in IUW-set and U-set, than in C-set. The addition of medium blue light into the red (stomatal opening) induction light increased the stomatal response, and the stomata also responded sensitively to weak blue light in the IUW- and U-sets. The addition of green light into the red induction light did not change the stomatal response in any set. Yet in the U-set, the addition of green light into the red+(medium) blue or weak blue induction light decreased the stomatal response. Thus, vegetational shade had increased the photosynthesis-mediated stomatal light response, activated an additional stomatal response through blue light receptors, and let stomata insensitive to green light. The attenuated UV irradiance had the same effects as vegetational shade on the stomatal photosynthesis-mediated response and the additional blue light receptors-mediated response, but it also activated the green light reversal of blue light response. The stomata of leaves grown under decreased irradiance exhibited the same stomatal responses as the full-light-grown leaves. In B.pendula, stomatal responses to all the different types of light were remarkably weaker than those in N.alpina, and did not differ between themselves or between the different shade treatments. Thus, the modulation of stomatal light sensitivity participates in shade acclimation in shade-tolerating, but not in shade-avoiding deciduous tree(s).