Different Types Of Cooperation Research Articles

Innovation for environmental sustainability: business models for SMEs

PurposeAn effective business model (BM) is essential for the success of any company, with sustainable innovation being a critical component of this model. This entails finding creative ways to meet present needs without compromising future generations. In this regard, cooperation can be crucial in developing sustainable innovation. This paper investigates how different types of cooperation impact the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) innovation for environmental sustainability. In this sense, it intends to compare the effects of cooperation acquired nationally or at a European level.Design/methodology/approachThe methods used are logistic regression for the sample of 87,374 observations from 14 countries of the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (CIS) database.FindingsThe results confirm that cooperation with national or European agents significantly impacts the innovation for environmental sustainability of SMEs; however, not all cooperations have the same significance level. At a national level, cooperation with the suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software, clients or customers and universities or other higher education institutes impacts the innovations for environmental sustainability developed by SMEs. At a European level, cooperation established with other enterprises within your enterprise group, equipment, materials, components or software suppliers, clients or customers and government, public or private research institutes significantly impacts innovations for environmental sustainability.Originality/valueThis study also provides substantial theoretical contributions on the subject and more information about the importance of cooperation by SMEs in developing innovation for environmental sustainability.

The Economic Importance of Industrial Cooperation and How It Affects the Pursuit of Economic Effectiveness

Worldwide economic environments are significantly shaped by industrial cooperation, which also affects the efficacy and efficiency of economic initiatives. This paper explores the complex aspects of industrial cooperation and how they affect economic effectiveness. Through an analysis of different types of cooperation, such as supply chain integration, joint ventures, and strategic alliances, this study clarifies the ways in which cooperation promotes competitiveness and economic progress. The study examines how industrial cooperation promotes innovation ecosystems, improves technological dissemination, and optimizes resource allocation through an interdisciplinary lens that draws from economics, management, and sociology. Additionally, it looks into how cooperation might lower transaction costs, promote economies of scale, and mitigate market failures. The research does, however, also recognize the difficulties and the negative effects of industrial collaboration, such as the expense of coordination, information asymmetry, and the possibility of anti-competitive activity. This article emphasizes how crucial it is to foster collaboration between various industries and businesses in the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to advance economic growth and pave the path toward modern society's well-being. Furthermore, pragmatic strategies for elevating creative processes to a new plane were taken into account. We looked at how various industrialization strategies at the national and international levels of the economy show up in real life as well as the policies that need to be put in place in our nation to go in this direction. The method's benefit is emphasized.

A Distributed Lyapunov-Based Redesign Approach for Heterogeneous Uncertain Agents With Cooperation-Competition Interactions.

A swarming behavior problem is investigated in this article for heterogeneous uncertain agents with cooperation-competition interactions. In such a problem, the agents are described by second-order continuous systems with different intrinsic nonlinear terms, which satisfies the "linearity-in-parameters" condition, and the agents' models are coupled together through a distributed protocol containing the information of competitive neighbors. Then, for four different types of cooperation-competition networks, a distributed Lyapunov-based redesign approach is proposed for the heterogeneous uncertain agents, where the distributed controller and the estimation laws of unknown parameters are obtained. Under their joint actions, the heterogeneous uncertain multiagent system can achieve distributed stabilization for structurally unbalanced networks and output bipartite consensus for structurally balanced networks. In particular, the concept of coherent networks is proposed for structurally unbalanced directed networks, which is beneficial to the design of distributed controllers. Finally, four illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the designed distributed controller.

The effectiveness of inter-municipal cooperation for integrated sustainable waste management: A case study in Ecuador

There is an increasing awareness that effective waste management is essential for transitioning towards a circular economy and achieving sustainable development goals. Scholars have studied inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) as a governance solution with the potential to generate economies of scale and reduce financial costs in waste management. However, previous research has not yet focused on measuring the effectiveness of different types of cooperation on social and environmental outcomes. We analyse the effect of different types of IMC, ranging from indirect to collaborative, on Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) indicators. Our embedded qualitative case study in the emerging metropolitan region of Cuenca-Azogues (Ecuador) found that municipalities that invested in more complex cooperation types achieved better integrated waste management performance, particularly on final disposal, citizen participation, inclusion of recyclers and environmental sustainability.

Moral Molecules: Morality as a Combinatorial System

What is morality? How many moral values are there? And what are they? According to the theory of morality-as-cooperation, morality is a collection of biological and cultural solutions to the problems of cooperation recurrent in human social life. This theory predicts that there will be as many different types of morality as there are different types of cooperation. Previous research, drawing on evolutionary game theory, has identified at least seven different types of cooperation, and used them to explain seven different types of morality: family values, group loyalty, reciprocity, heroism, deference, fairness and property rights. Here we explore the conjecture that these simple moral ‘elements’ combine to form a much larger number of more complex moral ‘molecules’, and that as such morality is a combinatorial system. For each combination of two elements, we hypothesise a candidate moral molecule, and successfully locate an example of it in the professional and popular literature. These molecules include: fraternity, blood revenge, family pride, filial piety, gavelkind, primogeniture, friendship, patriotism, tribute, diplomacy, common ownership, honour, confession, turn taking, restitution, modesty, mercy, munificence, arbitration, mendicancy, and queuing. These findings indicate that morality – like many other physical, biological, psychological and cultural systems – is indeed a combinatorial system. Thus morality-as-cooperation provides a principled and powerful theory, that explains why there are many moral values, and successfully predicts what they will be; and it generates a systematic framework that has the potential to explain all moral ideas, possible and actual. Pursuing the many implications of this theory will help to place the study of morality on a more secure scientific footing.

Infrastructure and social practices of street physical culture in Moscow

The purpose of this study is to examine the infrastructure and practices of using outdoor sports grounds. Materials and methods. Method of non-included standardized observation was used in the sociological study. With the help of the coding sheet more than 160 observations were recorded at 34 workout sites, selected by the criteria of their size and location. Results and discussion. There was assessed the level of workout areas equipment in Moscow. On the basis of unencumbered standardized observations there were identified: social portraits of people, involved in street sports, the key features of their training process, the use of the infrastructure of the outdoor sports grounds. There were also outlined the gaps in knowledge and adherence to proper physical activity in some groups of sports grounds visitors. Different types of cooperation between sports grounds visitors were identified and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them were outlined. The idea of the most preferable and effective form of interaction of trainees on the sports grounds was formed. The observations made it possible to determine the list of motivating and demotivating factors for visiting the sports grounds. On the basis of the data obtained, there were developed the recommendations for attracting various groups of the population to workout areas and improving the quality of training.

Ballade for Piano and Orchestra in the First Half of the 20th Century: Stylistic and Form-building elements

This article presents a comparative analysis of creative solutions within the genre of ballades for piano and orchestra in works created by local and foreign composers in the first half of the 20th century, such as L. Różycki, G. Tailleferre, B. Britten, N. Medtner, and I. Shamo. It has been determined that most works are characterised by purposeful inspiration which influenced their style. The basis of the genre lies in the synthesis of various features of the folk ballad and the poetic piano concerto. The first component combines epic song features, parts of folk songs or their arrangements, and declamatory melodies. The second one can be noticed in the different types of cooperation between the soloist (or soloists) and the orchestra, in the combination of features characteristic for single-part and cyclic forms (suite, rhapsody or different types of cyclic sonatas), and in the logic behind juxtaposing contrasting genre features or the figurative transformation of monothematic variants.

The Role of Family Character in Cooperation Agreements

Purpose – This paper aims to study the differences between family and non-family firms when establishing cooperation agreements. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical research was conducted using a sample of 1,848 firms, of which 828 are family firms. The use of statistical regression estimation is based on the binary logistic model. Findings –The results show important differences between family and non-family firms in relation to interfirm cooperation and the innovation capacity of the firms, their quality concerns, and their ability to develop external relationships. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature by offering new insights in relation to cooperation strategies in family firms, analyzing the effect on the different types of cooperation due to the diverse nature of the chosen partner, as well as the effect of certain internal capabilities of the firm.

From defection to ingroup favoritism to cooperation: simulation analysis of the social dilemma in dynamic networks

The emergence of cooperation in social dilemmas is a core question in the social sciences, the proposed solution being ingroup favoritism, a conditional strategy where individuals only cooperate with members of their own group. However, empirical literature has suggested that ingroup favoritism prevents one from realizing profitable interactions with outgroup members. Such an observation calls for a theoretical analysis that would help in understanding what factors affect the transition from ingroup favoritism to unconditional cooperation. Here, we conducted computational experiments in which agents located in social networks imitate traits of successful neighbors or sever social ties with defecting neighbors and connect them to other agents. The results of our simulation showed transitions from unconditional defection to ingroup favoritism to unconditional cooperation with a more frequent occurrence of link rewiring. This indicates the usefulness of the dynamic-networks framework in understanding the reason why cooperation is achieved in specific societies and why different types of cooperation are observed in different ones.

Improving Firms’ Performance and Sustainability: The Case of Eco-Innovation in the Agri-Food Industry

Companies’ environmental responsibility has significantly increased in the last decade. However, the question about the benefits that this responsible decision has on the company’s performance in the market remains. In this scenario, the main goal of this study is to analyze the conditions that improve the performance of companies in the agri-food industry, paying specific attention to technological eco-innovation and different types of cooperation (in the use and in the development of eco-innovations). Our initial sample contains data of agri-food companies operating in Spain. The Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) has been used as a new path for the analysis of firm’s data. Company performance has been considered by using a construct including three variables (increase in the sales, company profitability and cost reduction). Results show that the conditions that largely benefit company performance are R&D spending and the development of technological eco-innovation. Cooperation in the development and use of eco-innovations are especially important for the smaller companies, with the larger companies in the sector relying both in cooperation and in their own resources. The different recipes which improve the performance, as well as the sustainability of the sector, are presented in this study.

Consultations of hospital physicians in community health centers: Actors' identified impacts and difficulties

In 2016 different types of cooperation were identified between "Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris" and community-based healthcare professionals, including consultations from hospital practitioners in community health centers. This work aims to study the advantages and difficulties of this type of cooperation. Interviews were conducted with hospital physicians, heads of hospital units and of community health centers. Data were collected by physicians for seven consultations. Regarding patients, these consultations gave access to specialists' expertise in deficit areas at no extra cost; the community health center is a more human-size structure and appointments were sometimes more quickly attributed. For physicians, consulting in the community health center afforded a more diversified activity and permitted to discover community practice. For the hospital unit, it could bring new patients and lead some patients living closer to the community health center to delocalize the follow-up consultations. This type of cooperation strengthened the relation between hospital and community-based practitioners but the relations remained informal. Amongst mentionable difficulties: the lack of information systems interoperability, the struggle in raising the interest of some physicians and an increased workload. If this type of consultation can be a first step in organizing hospital-community relations, it does not enable by itself a territorial coverage. Partnerships should include several community health centers but also physicians in independent practice. Larger partnerships can integrate the formalization of care pathways refocusing each actor on its field of expertise.

Separating conditional and unconditional cooperation in a sequential Prisoner's Dilemma game.

Most theories of social exchange distinguish between two different types of cooperation, depending on whether or not cooperation occurs conditional upon the partner’s previous behaviors. Here, we used a multinomial processing tree model to distinguish between positive and negative reciprocity and cooperation bias in a sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma game. In Experiments 1 and 2, the facial expressions of the partners were varied to manipulate cooperation bias. In Experiment 3, an extinction instruction was used to manipulate reciprocity. The results confirm that people show a stronger cooperation bias when interacting with smiling compared to angry-looking partners, supporting the notion that a smiling facial expression in comparison to an angry facial expression helps to construe a situation as cooperative rather than competitive. Reciprocity was enhanced for appearance-incongruent behaviors, but only when participants were encouraged to form expectations about the partners’ future behaviors. Negative reciprocity was not stronger than positive reciprocity, regardless of whether expectations were manipulated or not. Experiment 3 suggests that people are able to ignore previous episodes of cheating as well as previous episodes of cooperation if these turn out to be irrelevant for predicting a partner’s future behavior. The results provide important insights into the mechanisms of social cooperation.

Different types of cooperation between the R&D and Engineering departments in companies with a design-to-order production environment

For many companies, “customized” means products that even the most sophisticated of product or process configuration tools cannot define in advance. Such products need a design-to-order production environment (DTO). In practice, there are significant differences in cooperation between the R&D and (order-specific) Engineering departments in DTO companies. This paper starts by presenting industrial examples that use various means (practices or tools) for cooperation. The factors that influence the choice of these means are identified, revealing two fundamental classes of DTO companies. Finally, types of cooperation are identified that lie between these classes, leading to a systematic expansion of the classification.

Collective intentionality and the social status of artifactual kinds

There is a well-developed view of artifacts according to which their nature depends on the intentions of their authors or creators. However, in the modern world of artifact design and creation, typically not one but many agents are involved in the process of making an artifact. In this paper, I show how the intentional view can be maintained even for ‘collective’ artifacts having multiple authors. My approach is to combine some basic concepts that have been proposed in the study of collective intentionality with a suitable model of artifact creation that takes account of the multiple agents and processes that arise in design, engineering and manufacturing a new or existing product. In this way, we can explain how an artifactual kind can be understood via a form ofcollectiveintentionality. For the design sciences, notions such as we-intentionality and group agency can help to model different types of cooperation and, in particular, to reconcile individualism with strong forms of collectivity at a group level.

New approaches in European governance? Perspectives of stakeholders in the Danube macro-region

Macro-regional cooperation in the EU are networks that use the horizontal and vertical dimension of the multilevel governance system to influence both strategic decision-making as well as implementation activities. Drawing on an analysis of expert interviews in the Danube Region the paper scrutinizes stakeholders’ shared views towards expectations, challenges and added values, and thereby seeks to explain why a trend towards macro-regions arises and for what reasons stakeholders are getting involved. The analysis of the drivers for stakeholders’ commitment in the EU Danube Region Strategy shows that new governance arrangements need to be adjustable to different contexts, allow for negotiation and new network creation whilst simultaneously offering the political ability to act. The evidence presented suggests that multilevel governance in the EU is becoming increasingly complex, embracing more and different types of cooperation, with soft characteristics as crucial elements.

Perspective and Methods of Human-Industrial Robots Cooperation

The development of robotics caused the creation of new solutions in robots communication. Nowadays, there is a need to create not only systems of cooperation between robots and/or their equipment, but also in the relation human-robot. The paper presents the idea of software supporting the collaboration between human and industrial robot. First of all, different types of cooperation in robotics are described. Moreover, a communication solution and computer software proposal are presented. In the final part of the paper the authors present the application developed and the results of experimental work.

The differing impact of the type of partner on product innovation in new ventures

We analyze the effect of different types of cooperation on product innovation in new ventures and in established companies. We argue that the effectiveness of cooperation depends on how the resourc...

Between ideology and pragmatism: Liberal party politics at the European level

Party politics at the European level dates back to the 1950s when the first Members of the Common Assembly, as the European Parliament (EP) was then known, decided to sit in groups according to political affinity rather than nationality. Over the years extra-parliamentary party federations have formally transformed themselves into European-level political parties, with further consolidation likely as a result of the Lisbon Treaty. Nonetheless, they remain less influential than the party Groups, which enjoy considerably more resources. Taking the Liberal family as its case study, this article provides an account of the evolution of party ties and party formation at European level. It argues that the origins of party political cooperation were ideological but that repeated institutional reform created pragmatic reasons for them to consolidate and to expand, and ultimately to seek power. It argues that Europarties and EP party groups may not be part of an inexorable trend towards European political parties that replicate the role of national parties. Rather they form part of complex patchwork of party cooperation and interaction, vertical and horizontal, where different types of cooperation are suitable for different forums.

Cooperación y competencia como antecedentes de la innovación de producto. ¿Aplican las empresas nuevas y establecidas una lógica diferenciada?

The relationships between different types of cooperation and rivalry and product innovation are examined in this article, differentiating between new and established companies. The hypotheses proposed suggest different patterns of cooperation. For new companies, the most effective types of cooperation are those which can lower costs and reduce risks (small and medium size companies, other new companies, financial bodies and knowledge centres). On the other hand, established companies may benefit more by cooperating with other established companies. Furthermore, the relationship between intense rivalry and product innovation is stronger for established companies than for new ones. The results obtained, using a sample of 3,528 companies in geographical clusters of 32 European countries, confirm the established hypotheses in general terms. These results have interesting implications for research into entrepreneurship, cooperation and competitive dynamics.

Crisis Management 2.0

In this paper, the authors propose a systematization of social software use in crisis situations, examining different types of cooperation and challenges. The authors discuss how the organizational actors involved in crisis management (police, fire-fighters, organizations, etc.) and the affected citizens are communicating and can communicate and collaborate through the use of social software. After defining the term ‘social software,’ the authors outline its use in crisis management. They present two case studies where they have examined the use of social software in 2010: first during the disruption of air travel caused by the eruptions of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland and second during the mass panic at the Love Parade music festival in Germany. Based on both previous work and case studies, the authors discuss potentials and weaknesses and propose a classification matrix for different types of cooperation as a step toward a systematization of social software use in crisis situations.