Different Types Of Algae Research Articles

The Effect of Algae Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Inconsistent results have been reported regarding the effects of different types of algae, such as Spirulina and Chlorella, on anthropometric indices. To conduct a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of algae supplementation on anthropometric indices. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted to find relevant articles published from January 1990 to January 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing algae supplementation with a placebo or control group were included. The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence were evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, respectively. The random-effects model was used to find the Weighted mean differences (WMDs) for each outcome. Of 9079 distinct articles in the initial screening, 61 clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. Algae supplementation resulted in lower body mass index (WMD, -0.27 kg/m2 (95% CI, -0.42 to -0.13); GRADE rating, low), body weight (WMD: -0.78 kg [-1.18 to -0.38]; GRADE rating, low), waist circumference (WMD, -0.68 cm [-1.27 to -0.10]; GRADE rating, very low), kilograms of body fat (WMD, -0.65 kg [-1.13 to -0.17]; GRADE rating, low), and body fat percentage (WMD, -0.9% [-1.62 to -0.17]; GRADE rating, very low) compared with placebo or controls. Nevertheless, the statistically significant effects of algae supplementation on hip circumference (WMD, -0.20 cm [-0.73 to 0.32]; GRADE rating, moderate), waist to hip ratio (WMD, -0.01 [-0.01 to 0.00]; GRADE rating, moderate), and lean body mass (WMD, -0.30 kg [-0.62 to 0.02]; GRADE rating, moderate) were not observed. Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis indicate supplementation with algae may exert beneficial effects on anthropometric indices. However, due to between-studies heterogeneity and very low to low levels of GRADE for significant outcomes, the results should be interpreted with caution. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024522923.

Algae as a potential source of protein: A review on cultivation, harvesting, extraction, and applications

Continuous population growth has increased the demand for food and nutrition, which leads to a decline in agricultural land needed per person to grow crops. Thus, it is essential to find alternative sources to meet nutritional requirements. Algae have become a potential and sustainable alternative source of protein, which has a high nutritional value. Due to their high protein content microalgae are commonly used as a nutritional supplement in the form of powder, pills, or tablets. Algal proteins can be efficiently isolated using various extraction methods, and can be a good source of food additives. Additionally, they have been added to a variety of functional foods, such as noodles, bread, biscuits, beverages, chocolates, and beer. This review provides a comprehensive, and critical overview of cultivation, harvesting, extraction, and numerous applications of microalgae as a potential source of protein. Algae cultivation under different growth conditions as well as algae harvesting from algal biomass is summarized. Recent advances in algal extraction methods, such as physical/chemical extraction as well as assisted extraction methods including pulsed electric field, ultrasound, enzyme, and microwave are summarized and discussed. Additionally, information on the nutritional content of different types of algae in terms of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content as well as microalgae-derived bioactive peptides, phycobiliproteins, and amino acids is provided.

Algae-derived biochar nanozyme array for discrimination and detection of multiple pesticides in soil, water and food

Despite the potential of nanozymes combined with sensor arrays for discriminating multiple pesticides simultaneously, they have few practical pesticide sensing uses due to the limited performance of existing nanozymes and the complexity of their preparation. Here, agricultural waste is utilized for the facile synthesis of high-performance biochar nanozymes and the fabrication of biochar nanozyme sensor arrays. The production of autogenous N-doped biochars with abundant surface functional groups and good peroxidase-like activities is achieved with different types of algae. High-performance biochar nanozyme sensor arrays can discriminate pesticides in a concentration range from 1 to 500 μM and in real samples from soil, lake water, seawater, apples, cucumbers, peaches, tomatoes and cabbages. Furthermore, pesticides can be quantified down to 1 μM. The development of high-performance nanozyme sensor arrays based on waste conversion could be a step toward pesticide discrimination and detection, which would improve human and environmental safety.

Innovations in Algal Drug Research, with a Focus On Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Inhibitors of Enzymes

The growing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its related health problems present a serious problem for healthcare systems across the world. One potential strategy for treating DM is the use of enzyme inhibitors to control glucose metabolism. This abstract highlight recent advances in the exploration of chemicals generated from algae as possible inhibitors of DM enzymes. As a renewable resource with a high concentration of bioactive chemicals, algae provide significant benefits to the search for new pharmaceuticals. In this article, we examine the many different types of algae and bioactive substances that have demonstrated inhibitory potential against DM-related enzymes. We review the pharmacological characteristics, preclinical data, and mechanisms of action for compounds produced from algae that show promise as DM enzyme inhibitors. In addition, we stress the importance of conducting thorough clinical trials to verify their safety and effectiveness in human beings. The combination of cutting-edge drug discovery methods with algae biotechnology shows great promise for the creation of novel medicines for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), which might one day provide a long-term answer to this urgent global health problem.

An overview on recent advances in functional properties of dietary lipids, encapsulation strategies and applications

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to provide contemporary scientific knowledge on the functionality of edible lipids, sources, health benefits, and a special emphasis on different encapsulation strategies to enhance their dietary application and boost the market value.Design/methodology/approachNovel technologies overcoming these issues are in great demand. Given that, several novel encapsulation techniques have been established aiming at most of the aspects of functional lipids. In addition, these techniques have been designed to enhance the storage stability and controlled release of lipids in food systems.FindingsPlant and marine oils are one of the richest sources of functional lipids but are attached with limitations. Currently, alternative sources, such as different types of algae and microorganisms are gaining attention in terms of sustainable production systems. Advances in various encapsulation techniques have helped to overcome the dispersibility and stability problems of lipids encapsulation. Refinement in physicochemical interaction, colloidal dispersion and core-shell modules between wall and core matrix protect dietary lipids during processing have been implemented. Liposomes, micro/nanoemulsions and micro/nanocapsules are found most suitable for food application by improving the fatty acid profile, stability and sensorial properties.Originality/valueFunctional lipids offer numerous health benefits (i.e., simple health-promoting properties to complex disease preventive and curative effects). However, these functional lipids are associated with several disadvantages, such as region-specific availability, vulnerability to oxidation depending on the level of unsaturation, degradation/hydrolysis on processing, low bioavailability, confined storage stability, and others.

Geological, Mineralogical and Comparative Study of Biosorption for Uranium and Thorium Using Different Types of Algae at Wadi Dara Area, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt.

Geological, Mineralogical and Comparative Study of Biosorption for Uranium and Thorium Using Different Types of Algae at Wadi Dara Area, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt.

Blue Green Algal Species Isolated from the Paddy Field Soil of T. Athikarai, Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu

Algae are photosynthetic organisms grouped under thallophytes of lower plants which grow well in water and on moisturized soil. There are different types of algae belong to different classes such as Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Among these cyanophyceae members are more important in agriculture for enhancing the nitrogen assimilation in crop field. Since they are applied as a biofertilizer in such field. In the present study, soil samples collected from the T. Athikarai, Sivaganagai district, Tamil Nadu. Cyanobacterial species were isolated from the T. Athikarai soil by using BG11 and CHU10 media under aseptic condition. pure form is important step for his or her efficient use as biofertilizer. They were identified as Microcystis and Oscillatoria spp. Then these organisms were subcultured continuously for checking the purity of culture maintenance.

Effect of algae on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Ujani reservoir is one of the prominent wetland in India. Ujani reservoir is well-suited for the growth of different types of algae, that's why it is rich in algal diversity. Dominance of different algal species found in Ujani reservoir, out of that only five species (Synechococcus aeruginosus Naegeli, Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Gomont, Cladophora crispata (Roth). Kuetzing, Spirogyra jugalis (Fl. Dan.) Kuetzing and Chara fragilis Desvaux in Loiseleur-Deslongchamps) selected for the trial of experiment on tomato plants. On the basis of results these algal species (Chara fragilis, Spirogyra jugalis and Synechococcus aeruginosus) recommended to use as a supplementary fertilizers. Statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, and yield as compared to control.

Extracts and Marine Algae Polysaccharides in Therapy and Prevention of Inflammatory Diseases of the Intestine.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious public health problem worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies that use anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biological treatments are often ineffective and have adverse health effects. In this regard, the use of natural compounds aimed at key pathogenic therapeutic targets in IBD attracts universal attention. Seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse biologically active compounds. The materials presented in the review indicate that seaweed extracts and polysaccharides are effective candidates for the development of drugs, biological food additives, and functional nutrition products for the treatment and prevention of IBD. The structural features of algal polysaccharides provide the possibility of exposure to therapeutic targets of IBD, including proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor NF-kB, intestinal epithelial cells, reactive oxygen and nitrogen. Further study of the relationship between the effect of polysaccharides from different types of algae, with different structure and molecular weights on immune and epithelial cells, intestinal microorganisms will contribute to a deeper understanding of their mechanisms and will help in the development of drugs, dietary supplements, functional foods for the treatment of patients with IBD.

Interactions of fibroblast growth factors with sulfated galactofucan from Saccharina japonica

A total 68 types of marine algae oligosaccharides and polysaccharides were prepared and used to study the structure-activity relationship of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in their interactions with fibroblast growth factors (FGF) 1 and 2. Factors considered include different types of algae, extraction methods, molecular weight, sulfate content and fractions. In the case of low molecular weight polysaccharide (SJ-D) from Saccharina japonica and its fractions eluting from anion exchange column, both 1.0 M NaCl fraction (SJ-D-I) and 2.0 M NaCl fraction (SJ-D-S) had stronger binding affinity than the parent SJ-D, suggesting that sulfated galactofucans represented the major tight binding component. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed that SJ-D-I was a typical sulfated galactofucan, composed of four units: 1, 3-linked 4-sulfated α-L-fucose (Fuc); 1, 3-linked 2, 4-disulfated α-L-Fuc; 1, 6-linked 4-sulfated β-D-Gal and/or 1, 6-linked 3, 4-sulfated β-D-Gal. Modification by autohydrolysis to oligosaccharides and desulfation decreased the FGF binding affinity while oversulfation increased the affinity. The solution-based affinities of SJ-D-I to FGF1 and FGF2 were 69 nM and 3.9 nM, suggesting that SJ-D-I showed better preferentially binding to FGF1 than a natural ligand, heparin, suggesting that sulfated galactofucan might represent a good regulator of FGF1.

Control of Silt Density Index of Osmosis Membranes Through Chlorine Injection and its Effect on Cartridge Filter Replacement Period

Background: Various suspended organic and inorganic contaminants including biological deposits, different types of algae and barnacles and causative factors of water turbidity result in irreparable damages to pretreatment systems and membranes in reverse osmosis systems. Objectives: In this study, the effect of injection of disinfectant materials such as calcium hypochlorite on the reduction of silt density index (SDI) value at the inlet of reverse osmosis system has been investigated. Methods: In this research, correlations between fundamental parameters in pretreatment system such as turbidity, chlorine injection, residual chlorine content and SDI values were thoroughly analyzed and evaluated at one of the desalination plants located in Persian Gulf. Results: The results indicated that there is a close link between the amount of chlorine injection and SDI inlet value. By adjusting the nephelometric turbidity unit values in specific ranges of 35 - 55, 55 - 80 and 80 - 150 and oxidation reduction potential in the ranges of 280 - 680, 315 - 680 and 420 - 680 mV, favorable SDI value of inlet water was obtained. Conclusions: SDI control via chlorine injection increased the lifetime of cartridge filters at reverse osmosis input units and reduced the operation costs significantly.

A tale of two algal blooms: Negative and predictable effects of two common bloom-forming macroalgae on seagrass and epiphytes

Recent evidence suggests macroalgal blooms may play a role in the worldwide decline in seagrass, but the shape of the functional relationship between seagrass health and dominant bloom-forming macroalgae is poorly characterized. We tested whether the impact of varying abundances of two cosmopolitan bloom-forming macroalgal genera caused linear/quasi-linear or sudden threshold changes in measures of eelgrass, Zostera marina, meadow health. We conducted two caging experiments in a shallow Z. marina bed (∼1 m depth) in Bodega Harbor, California, USA where we maintained six densities within the range of natural abundances of macroalgae, Ulva (0–4.0 kg m−2) and Gracilariopsis (0–2.0 kg m−2), as well as uncaged controls over a 10-week period. Shoot density, blade growth, and epiphyte load were measured every two weeks and algal treatments reset. We did not find support for threshold transitions between algal abundance and measures of seagrass bed health using sigmoidal and broken-stick regression analyses for each data set; these models are commonly used to identify threshold patterns in ecological shifts. Instead, final measurements of shoot density and epiphyte load were best modelled as linear or slightly non-linear declines with increasing Ulva abundance. A negative linear relationship also existed between shoot density and Gracilariopsis abundance and a trend towards linear negative effects on epiphyte load. The similar shape of these functional relationships across different types of algae suggests the relationship may be generalizable. At algal abundances that are commonly observed, we found smooth and predictable negative impacts to Z. marina by decline in shoot density and potential impacts to food webs by loss of epiphytes rather than sudden threshold shifts or “ecological surprises”. Our work contrasts with the growing body of literature suggesting highly non-linear shifts in response to human impact; thus, it is important to broaden understanding of shifts to more than just pattern but to the processes that drive different patterns of shifts.

A Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of the Auto-fluorescence Characteristics of Three Algae Species at Twelve Discrete Excitation Wavelengths

Harmful algae blooms are a growing concern around the globe, and therefore fast and reliable methods to detect and classify different types of algae in an automatic manner is highly desired. In this study, we explore the auto-fluorescence characteristics of different algae types to determine whether using their auto-fluorescence spectra could be used in automatic identification. Preliminary experimental results in this study for generating auto-fluorescence spectra of Anabaena flos-aquae (Cyanophyta phylum), Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Chlorophyta phylum), and Euglena gracilis (Euglenozoa phylum) demonstrate that this information could potentially be leveraged to discriminate between different types of algae. Future work must be done to explore the auto-fluorescence spectra of additional species within a given genus in order to determine the intra-class and inter-class variability of these auto-fluorescence spectra. Future work also includes using this technique to determine the concentration in a mixed sample, as well as determining the robustness in a sample with contaminants. Future work will also involve exploring the use of additional fluorescent images, absorption spectra, and morphological features to improve the performance of the classifiers. Finally, as data collection continues we will explore using data augmentation to deal with unbalanced class sizes.

Comparing the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Three Different Algae for the Nutrient Removal of Gediz River in Manisa/Turkey

Using bioremediation, in order to break down the pollutants of water systems, is a low cost and ecological friendly approach. Different types of algae are being used in bioremediation processes especially in contaminated waters. Algal species have the ability to use most of the pollutants as food source. Thus, they are desirable organisms for bioremediation process. Studying the bioremediation efficiency levels of different algal species for different types of contaminants is crucial for increasing the effectiveness of this method. In this study , three different algal species were used for the bioremediation process of the water samples, collected in 2015 from Gediz River. In laboratory conditions the removal efficiency of these three algae for various parameters, such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and ammonium, were measured. According to the results, the removal efficiency levels for (a) Chlorella sp., measured as PO 4 3- > NO 3 - > NO 2 - > NH 3 - , were 84.47 %, 83.41 %, 6.22 %, 1.79 %, (b) Scenedesmus sp., measured as NO 3 - > NO 2 - > NH 3 - >PO 4 3- , were 97.33 %, 92.92 %, 72.08 %, 56.91 %, and (c) Oscillatoria sp., measured as NH 3 - > NO 3 - > PO 4 3- > NO 2 - , were 90.08 %, 86.76 %, 83.21 %, 0.28 % respectively.

A Comparative Biomass Compositional Analysis of Five Algal Species from the Paddy Fields of Burdwan District, West Bengal, India, to Determine Their Suitability for Handmade Paper Pulp Formulation

The need for research into the use of alternative raw materials for the production of paper results from the anticipated shortages in the supply of raw-materials to the wood-based paper-industry. Although Burdwan town is vested with different types of algae, literally no work has been done for valorization of such biomass. Start of such bioprocess involves optimization of resource-utilization that is the main topic in this paper. Burdwan town was surveyed for collection of algae that were identified by morphologic characteristics under the microscope. Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, ash-content, water-retention-value, total carbohydrate and starch concentration of these algae were determined for assessing their feasibility in handmade-paper production. Element content in these algae was determined from energy-dispersive-X-ray-spectroscopy. Breaking-length and tensile-strength were the two parameters tested to assess hand-made-paper quality obtained from pulp extracted from the collected algae species. Data obtained were statistically evaluated with one-way analysis-of-variance followed by Tukey’s HSD (honest-significant-difference) test. Paper made from pure algae pulp was also tested for inter-fiber bonding with scanning-electron-microscopic-imaging. All experiments were repeated with Eucalyptus sp. pulp (wood) as control to assess the suitability of algal pulp as an alternative to the conventional wood pulp. Five algal species: Pithophora sp., Lyngbya sp., Hydrodiction sp., Cladophora sp. and Rhizoclonium sp. were collected. Although here were no statistically-significant differences (p = 0.8137) in biomass-compositional values from the studied algae species and Eucalyptus sp. pulp, paper quality parameters (Breaking-length and tensile-strength) varied significantly (p < 0.1, p < 0.5) among them. Hydrodiction sp., besides Rhizoclonium sp. and Cladophora sp. were established as the most suitable candidates for paper-pulp formulation in terms of high cellulose, hemicelluloses contents and low lignin and silica contents. Paper from pure Hydrodiction sp. pulp was found to have statistically significant (P < 0.05) improved breaking-length and tensile-strength properties compared to that obtained from Lyngbya sp. Paper-pulp characters varied insignificantly among Hydrodiction sp., Rhizoclonium sp. and Cladophora sp. versus Eucalyptus sp. (wood pulp) whereas statistically significant differences were noticed in paper pulp quality of Pithophora sp. (p < 0.05) and Lyngbya sp. (p < 0.01) with Eucalyptus sp. respectively. Thus, this paper enlightens (through statistical comparison), the properties of different algae, leading out Hydrodiction sp., Rhizoclonium sp. and Cladophora sp. to be the most appropriate as start up material (resources) for paper-pulp formulation, in comparison to conventional wood pulp (Eucalyptus sp.).

WITHDRAWN: Biomethane production from lignocellulosic biomass enhanced by bioaugmentation with anaerobic rumen fungi

Abstract The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of bioaugmentation with anaerobic rumen fungi on biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass, such as manure and macroalgae. Anaerobic rumen fungi Orpinomyces sp. , Piromyces sp. , Anaeromyces sp. and Neocallimastix frontalis, which received groups of genes that originated in bacteria by way of horizontal gene transfer, were used in the study to enhance biomethane yield. Rumen fungi at a concentration of 15% achieved greater production of biogas (3500 mL/d) and methane (+54.7%) in the digesters fed with the macroalgae Ulva lactuca and manure. Microbial community dynamics and quantification of rumen fungi in anaerobic digesters were also detected by next-generation sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR to control the effect of fungal augmentation. Diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities and quantities of anaerobic rumen fungi showed the increased performance of anaerobic digesters fed with Ulva lactuca thanks to the addition of anaerobic rumen fungi. The results also indicated that concentrations of rumen fungi and anaerobic microorganisms should be balanced for sufficient biomethane yield. Because of their nonspecific extracellular enzyme systems, anaerobic rumen fungi may be a promising alternative to improve biogas production from different types of algae and lignocellulosic compounds.

Frutarom Invests In Microalgae Firm

Israeli flavors maker Frutarom has invested $2.6 million in microalgae producer Algalo for a 50% stake in the firm. The move is part of Frutarom’s expansion into natural ingredients for food, supplements, and cosmetics. Algalo is a start-up that has developed cultivation, harvesting, and processing methods for different types of algae.

Multi-Pixel Photon Counters for Optofluidic Characterization of Particles and Microalgae.

We have developed an optofluidic biosensor to study microscale particles and different species of microalgae. The system is comprised of a microchannel with a set of chevron-shaped grooves. The chevrons allows for hydrodynamic focusing of the core stream in the center using a sheath fluid. The device is equipped with a new generation of highly sensitive photodetectors, multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), with high gain values and an extremely small footprint. Two different sizes of high intensity fluorescent microspheres and three different species of algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain 21 gr, Chlamydomonas suppressor, and Chlorella sorokiniana) were studied. The forward scattering emissions generated by samples passing through the interrogation region were carried through a multimode fiber, located in 135 degree with respect to the excitation fiber, and detected by a MPPC. The signal outputs obtained from each sample were collected using a data acquisition system and utilized for further statistical analysis. Larger particles or cells demonstrated larger peak height and width, and consequently larger peak area. The average signal output (integral of the peak) for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain 21 gr, Chlamydomonas suppressor, and Chlorella sorokiniana falls between the values found for the 3.2 and 10.2 μm beads. Different types of algae were also successfully characterized.

ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ОВОЧЕВІ САЛАТИ З ВОДОРОСТЯМИ

Now on the Ukrainian market frozen vegetable salads are well represented. They contain a small amount of protein and have an unbalanced composition nutrientny. Adding algae to the vegetable salads composition allows to resolve this contradiction. In this paper the functional vegetable salads expanding assortment possibilities are represented. The product components composition was designed. It is advisable to add different types of algae (kelp, spirulina and fucus) to the quick-frozen functional vegetable salads for nutrient correction and rising in nutritional value. For the product manufacture modern raw materials low-waste processing technology was used. The selected process conditions, as well as preservation method provide finished product high quality and nutritional value. This product is recommended for all population groups, as well as for people with poor health.

Capillary Electrophoresis Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphisms as a Method to Differentiate Algal Species.

Capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformational polymorphism (CE-SSCP) was explored as a fast and inexpensive method to differentiate both prokaryotic (blue-green) and eukaryotic (green and brown) algae. A selection of two blue-green algae (Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena inaequalis), five green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Oedogonium foveolatum, Mougeotia sp., Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Ulothrix fimbriata), and one brown algae (Ectocarpus sp.) were examined and CE-SSCP electropherogram “fingerprints” were compared to each other for two variable regions of either the 16S or 18S rDNA gene. The electropherogram patterns were remarkably stable and consistent for each particular species. The patterns were unique to each species, although some common features were observed between the different types of algae. CE-SSCP could be a useful method for monitoring changes in an algae species over time as potential shifts in species occurred.