Different Sources Of Organic Manures Research Articles

The effect of organic manure on the production of jute (Corchorus olitorius)

Field experiments to investigate the effect of different sources of organic manure (Swine manure (SM), Poultry manure (PM), Cattle manure (CM), Rabbit urine manure (RUM)) on production of Jute (Corchorus olitorius) was carried out. The experimental site was cleared and cultivated (tilled and fertilized). Treatments were laid out before planting at once, there was no re-application of treatment. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters (Foliage, Plant height and Plant fresh weight). There was a significant difference in the foliage of Corchorus olitorius treated with SM, PM, CM, and RUM when compared with the control group. The foliage of Corchorus olitorius with PM treatment is significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with other organic manure treatment except for CM. Significant increase (P<0.05) in the height of Corchorus olitorius was obvious in all the treatment group when compared with control. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) in the height of jute across the organic manure treatment groups (SM, PM and RUM) but there is a significant increase in the plant height of PM when compared CM. SM, PM and RUM significantly increase the fresh weight of the plant when compared with the control and CM. There was a numerical increase in the plant fresh weight of PM when compared to other treatment groups. From this experimental study, PM consistently increased the number of leaves, the fresh plant weight and plant height significantly and it is recommended for Corchorus olitorius production.

Effect of different sources of organic manures on growth and yield of Broccoli

Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers is a common practice that is hazardous both for soil health and the environment. It has been more than three decades that global agriculture has been depicted towards organic agriculture owing to sustainability and reduced environmental effects. An experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of different sources of organic nutrients on growth and yield of broccoli. The experiment consisted of five different sources of manures; control (no manure), cowdung (25 t/ha), Trichoderma compost (10 t/ha), vermicompost (12 t/ha) and poultry litter (14 t/ha) along with two cultivars of broccoli; ‘Imperial’ and ‘Premium Crop’. Different sources of manures and cultivars had significant influence on plant height, height up to curd, number of leaves per plant, length of leaf, breadth of leaf, plant canopy, diameter of curd, diameter of stem, weight of primary curd, number of secondary curds, weight of secondary curd, yield per plant, yield per unit plot and yield per hectare. The maximum yield (17.32 t/ha) was obtained from vermicompost, followed by poultry litter in ‘Premium Crop’ (15.68 t/ha) cultivar. The minimum yield (6.62 t/ha) was recorded by no manure in ‘Imperial’. Control treatment showed the lowest values for all the parameters studied. Combination of vermicompost and ‘Premium Crop’ cultivar was found the best among all other treatment combinations, including in respect of net return (Tk. 234099/ha) and BCR (3.08). Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2024: 197-204

Impact of integrated nutrient management and foliar zinc supplementation on rice (Oryza sativa L.) nutrient uptake and yield in the Cauvery Delta Zone

In 2023, rice production reached 523.9 million tons, making it the fourth most produced crop globally. Accounting for 14% of global fertilizer use, the demand for rice continues to increase. However, the unbalanced application of NPK fertilizers poses significant environmental risks. An integrated nutrient management approach, combining organic and inorganic sources, offers a cost-effective solution to meet crop nutritional needs while enhancing soil health. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm of Annamalai University during kuruvai (June-September) 2023 to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers with different sources of organic manures along with foliar zinc sulphate on the yield and yield components in lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments. These treatments included different sources of organic manures viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure and foliar application of zinc sulphate. The results revealed that combining 75% nitrogen through urea and 25% nitrogen from vermicompost and 100 % P and K along with foliar application of zinc sulphate (0.5%) at 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) significantly improved all nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and also yield parameters viz., number of productive tillers m-2, number of filled grains/panicle, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of rice.

The effect of organic manure on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Field experiments to investigate the effect of different sources of organic manure (poultry manure (3 kg), Cattle manure (3 kg), Swine manure (3 kg), Rabbit urine (1lit)) on growth and yield of okra were carried out. The soil pH was checked and analyzed for pH 6.8 and the soil fertility is 6. The experimental site was cleared and cultivated (tilled and fertilized). Treatments were laid out before planting at once, there was no re-application of treatment. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters (plant height, foliage and fruit weight). There was a significant difference in the height of okra plant treated with poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, rabbit urine when compared with the control group. Poultry manure and Cattle manure significantly increase the foliage of okra plant when compared with Swine manure, Rabbit urine and the control. There was significant difference in the fruit weight of okra fertilized with Poultry manure and Rabbit urine when compared with the control but there was no significant difference in swine and cattle manure when compared with the control. From this experimental study, poultry manure and rabbit urine increased the growth and yield of okra and it is recommended for both subsistence farming and commercial production of okra.

Effect of Different Sources of Organic Manures on Plant Growth and Flowering Parameters of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Kashi Aman under Bundelkhand Region

The present investigation entitled “Effect of different sources of organic manures on plant growth and flowering parameters of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Kashi Aman under Bundelkhand region” was carried out at Organic Research farm at Karguan ji, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh) during Rabi season of 2021- 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The detail of treatments were as T0 (Control), T1 (FYM100%), T2 (Poultry manure 100%), T3 (Vermicompost 100%), T4 (FYM 50% + Poultry manure 50%), T5 (Poultry manure 50% + Vermicompost 50%), T6 (Vermicpost 50% + F YM 50%), T7 (FYM 33% + Poultry 33% + Vermicompost 33%). The data were collected from five random ly selected plant of each treatment and subjected to statistical analysis. The results reflected that among 8 treatments under study, treatment T7 (FYM 33% + Poultry 33% + Vermicompost 33%) was best in all characters and recorded maximum in term of plant height (18.607 cm at 30 DAT), (46.333 cm at 60 DAT), (75.913 cm at 90 DAT) number of branches (5.467 at 30 DAT), (12.933 at 60 DAT), (16.533 at 90 DAT) stem diameter (3.167 cm at 30 DAT), (7.233 cm at 60 DAT), (12.140 cm at 90 DAT) plant spread (2.467 cm N-S & 22.023 cm E-W at 30 DAT), (42.633cm N-S & 41.200 cm E-W at 60 DAT),( 63.467 N-S & 62.300cm E-W at 90 DAT) and better plant growth of tomato promote the number of flower per clusters with the application of treatment T7 (FYM 33%+ Poultry 33%+Vermicompost 33%) which were significantly highest in terms of number of flower per cluster (18.517), days of first flowering (30.243) and days of 50% flowering (38.340), whereas similar trend was closely followed by the treatment T6 (Vermicpost 50%+FYM 50%) for these traits, while the constantly lower performance in similar growth and flowering traits at all growth stages was recorded with treatment T0 (Control). These findings are reliable for increasing organic and chemical free tomato production under Bundelkhand region.

Study on Different Sources of Organic Manures in Comparison with RDF on Growth and Yield of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2022 at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Division of Agronomy, Coimbatore, to study the different sources of organic manures in comparison with RDF on growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of T1 - Absolute control, T2 - RDF 100% (Inorganic), T3 - Vermicompost 100% on N equivalent basis, T4 - Farmyard manure 100% on N equivalent basis, T5 - Farmyard manure 50% + Vermicompost 50%, T6 - RDF 50% + Farmyard manure 50%, T7 - RDF 50% + Vermicompost 50%, T8 - RDF 50% + Farmyard manure 25% + Vermicompost 25%. Therefore from this experiment the results concluded that application of RDF 100% (Inorganic) significantly recorded maximum plant height (228.76 cm), total dry matter production (13485 kg ha-1), leaf area index (LAI) (5.80), chlorophyll content (SPAD) (37.89), grain yield (3770 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6600 kg ha-1) respectively.

Study of Different Sources of Organic Manures in Comparison with RDF on Growth and Yield of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the different sources of organic manures in comparison with recommended dose fertilizer (RDF) on greengram at South farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, India. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice during kharif and rabi seasons of 2022. The field study comprised of nine treatments, two organic treatments with sole organic manures at 100% on N equivalent basis (vermicompost, farmyard manure) another three treatments consisted of 25%, 50% and 75% combination of each manure. These two organic manures (vermicompost, farmyard manure) were combined with 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizers (12.5:25:12.5 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) as a combination of organic and inorganic treatments and one sole 100% inorganic treatment through inorganic fertilizer (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1). A control treatment was maintained in the layout to compare the performance of all the treatments. The results showed that among the different combinations of organic and inorganic treatments, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer through inorganic (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) (T7) fertilizer significantly enhanced the growth and yield of greengram which was closely followed by vermicompost 100% on N equivalent basis.

INM-A Potential Way of Farming in Reduction of CH4 and CO2 Emission in Rice-sunflower Sequential Cropping System

Aim: To find out the CH4 and CO2 emission pattern and the considerable amount of SOC sequestered by using different organic sources in sandy clay loam soil.
 Study Design: Randomized Block Design.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in a farmer's field at Ayanathur, which is geographically located at 11°23’N latitude, 79°29'E longitude, and an altitude of +26 m MSL. Duration of the study confined to 2 years cycle from September 2016 to January 2018 I and II crops respectively.
 Methodology: Different sources of organic manures viz., Farm Yard Manure @ 12.5 t ha-1, vermicompost, pressmud, poultry manure, and composted coirpith are each @ 5 t ha-1 were applied as basally and incorporated along with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria @ 2 kg ha-1 as a soil application at the time of last ploughing. Fertilizers were applied as per the treatment schedule of 150:50:50 kg N, P, and K ha-1 was followed throughout the period of study through urea, Di Ammonium phosphate and muriate of potash for rice crops. An open path LICOR analyzer 7700 and 7500 for CH4 and CO2 to find the CH4 and CO2 fluxes during the period of study through calibration of eddy covariance fluxes emissions were calculated.
 Results: Combined application of a Recommended dose of fertilizers along with Farmyard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 reduced the CH4 emission by 13.6 and 15 % over other organic sources in rice whereas, the CO2 emission by 54.4 and 53.8% and 61.5 and 53.9 % over other organic sources in rice and sunflower respectively. Concomitantly, the SOC increased by 6.8 and 7.5% in rice and 4,7 and 4.4% in sunflower over other organic sources.

Effect of Temporal Variation in Mineralization of Nutrients through Sewage Sludge, Farm Yard Manure and Vermicompost in Soil

Soil amendment by organic matter (O.M.) has been widely accepted as an efficient nutrient-management technique in agriculture. The study was conducted as pot culture experiment at the Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Barkachha Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U.) Mirzapur, which is located in the Vindhyan zone of Mirzapur district at 25º 10” latitude, 82º 37” longitude with an altitude of 427 meters above the sea level. The soils of the study region are mostly having poor fertility and shallow depth. Different sources of organic manures Sewage Sludge (S.S), Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Vermi-Compost (V.C.) with different doses (10, 20 and 30 grams) were applied in pot along with soil and were incubated for 90 days. Required amount of water was added to soil in order to keep it moist as and when required. pH, electrical conductivity(E.C) , O.M. and nutrient content (N, P, K and S) had shown significant changes due to different treatments applied in soil. Applications of organic amendments in this study indicated considerable changes in the basic soil physio-chemical properties, different levels of available nutrient and their release pattern. With increase in doses of S.S and V.C. soil pH also increased but, it was decreased with increase in doses of FYM. Increase in the dose of S.S., F.Y.M. and V.C. had increased the E.C. and O.M. of soil. The available N content decreased with increase in the incubation interval. The available P increased from 30 Days After Incubation (DAI) to 60 DAI but it decreased at 90 DAI. Availability of S content increased with increase in duration of incubation period.

Nutrient contents in different sources of organic manures used in different farms of Bhaktapur district, Nepal

Organic manure contributes carbonaceous matter to soil, which when decomposed, offers mineral nutrients to plants, also acts as a base exchange material, and helps to improve the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of soil. This study was conducted to assess the amount of total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, pH, under various organic manure sources. Collected organic matter samples were tested for total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil organic matter, and pH at the soil laboratory of Nepal Polytechnic College, Bharatpur-11, Chitwan, using the NARC, Soil Science Research Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur standard rating. The overall nitrogen concentration of goat dung was 1.667%, whereas buffalo manure had the lowest at 0.665%. The available phosphorus content of organic manure in the research area ranged from 0.732% in vermi-compost to 0.432% in compost, with substantial differences amongst manure samples. The goat manure had the highest potassium level (0.853%), whereas buffalo manure had the lowest (0.513%). The pH value of goat manure was 8.4 while the pH content of compost manure was 7.567. The maximum amount of organic matter (54.8) was found in buffalo manure, while the lowest (46.3) was found in vermi compost. The maximum amount of organic matter (54.8%) was found in buffalo manure, while the lowest (46.3%) was found in vermi compost. Modern technology must be adapted for successful and improved manure production. To increase the availability and maintenance of nutrients in organic manure, methods such as covering the manure to protect it from rain and sun, avoiding waterlogged conditions, and correct manure decomposition can be implemented.

Effect of integration of chemical fertilizers with organic manures on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) ​ ​

Maize (Zea mays L.) becoming very popular cereal crop in India because of high production potential of hybrid varieties and it requires heavy doses of fertilizers. But the excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers has damaged the soil health, at the same time, the sole use of organic manure cannot compensate the produce obtained by inorganic application. Hence, it is important to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers and supplementing the same through organic manures. Therefore, field experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm of Annamalai University during 2020 to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers with different sources of organic manures on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake in hybrid maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF + Seaweed granules @ 20 kg/ha, 100% RDF + Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha, 100% RDF + Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, 100% RDF + Urban waste compost @ 10 t/ha, 75% RDF + Seaweed granules @ 20 kg/ha, 75% RDF + Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha, 75% RDF + Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, 75% RDF + Urban waste compost @ 10 t/ha and replicated thrice. The results revealed that plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, grain and stover yield and benefit : cost ratio were favourably influenced by the application of 100% RDF+Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha. In nutrient status, uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus was found to be significantly higher with application of 100% RDF+Poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha, whereas potassium uptake was higher under application of 100% RDF+Pressmud granules @ 125 kg/ha. Thus, for achieving higher productivity, integrated application of 100% RDF with poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha may be preferred to the hybrid maize cultivating farmers.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COWPEA IN CHITWAN, NEPAL

The experiment was carried out at the field of Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI), Bharatpur, Chitwan. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of different sources of organic manure in the growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) and the chemical properties of soil. The experiment was laid out by using 5 treatments and four replications in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There was a total of 20 plots each of 2 x 2 m2. The variety used was Malepatan-1. Poultry manure, goat manure, Farmyard Manure (FYM), mustard cake, and RDF, were tested as treatments. The soil of the experimental plot was acidic (pH 6.1) containing low total nitrogen (0.7), low available potassium (90.32), low available phosphorous (13.99), and medium organic manure (2.9). The data on vegetative parameters (plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant), yield attributing parameters (number of flowers per plant, number of pods per branches, and yield), and soil chemical properties (total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and organic matter) were taken and entered in Ms-Excel which were then subjected of analysis of variance using Genstat and means were separated using DMRT. Out of 5 treatments treatment poultry (2.620kg/plot) was superior and significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of pods, and yield. While mustard oil cake was ineffective to give optimum yield and yield attributing characters. The highest yield was obtained from treatment poultry manure i.e. (8.438 ton/ha) while the lowest yield was obtained from the treatment mustard oil cake (2.906 ton/ha).

Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on dry matter yield, soil and plant nutrient content in onion (Allium cepa)

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different sources of organic manures [Farmyard manure (FYM),Vermicompost (VC) and Jeevamrut] and inorganic fertilizers (Urea, SSP and MOP) on soil and plant nutrient content in onion (Allium cepa L.) during 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. Soil samples from all the treatments during both the years were collected from 0–15 cm depth. At the end of the experiment, significantly high post-harvest fertility status of macronutrients (NPK), viz. 386, 1566 and 384.1 kg/ha, respectively, were recorded under recommended nutrient management practice (RDF) i.e. 125 N: 75 P: 60 K kg/ha + FYM @250 q/ha. Similarly, significantly highest concentration of bulb and leaf macronutrients and biomass yield of bulbs and leaves were recorded under RDF. The purely organic module besides excelling at par with RDF in build-up of macronutrients in soil also registered maximum organic carbon content in soil. From the study, it can be inferred that RDF + FYM @250 q/ha can be used for maintaining the soil fertility.

Efficacy of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) from Different Sources of Organic Manures

For the quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of Nitrogen through different plant nutrient sources in the growth and yield of radish, the field experiment was conducted from March 2020 to June 2020 in an Inceptisol with sandy loam soil of the research field of G. P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Centre, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments (Biogas Byproduct, Poultry Manure, Goat Manure, Farmyard Manure, Vermicompost, Packaged Organic Manure, Recommended Dose of Chemical Fertilizer, and Control) and four replications. Forty Day (released in 1994 AD) variety of radish was used as a test crop. The recommended 100 kg N per hectare was supplied from each treatment, calculated based on the nitrogen content of each nutrient source. Results showed that there was a significant difference in almost all studied parameters from all treatments over control (P≤ 0.05). The highest total fresh biomass yield (123.415 Mt/ha) and highest delta fresh shoot yield (22.806 Mt/ha) were recorded from the application of a recommended dose of fertilizer, and the highest delta fresh root yield (30.127 Mt/ha) was obtained from the application of FYM. The experiment suggests that the application of FYM significantly increased root yield and was positively correlated with other parameters, which might be a good alternative for chemical fertilizers. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 203-212.

Effect of different sources of organic manures and seed bio-priming on yield and economics of Rice bean (Vigna umbellate)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif-2019 at Research Institute of Organic Farming field unit, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru to study the Effect of different sources of organic manure and seed bio-priming on growth and yield of rice bean (Vigna umbellate) laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with 10 treatments replicated thrice and the variety used was KBR-1. Results of the experiment revealed that seed bio priming with Rhizobium and Trichoderma recorded significantly higher seed yield (1184.87 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3052.56 kg ha-1), yield attributes like number of pods per plant (59.87), pod length (8.69 cm) seed yield per plant (11.37 g) and 100% N equivalent through vermicompost resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1789.50 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3504.47 kg ha-1), yield attributes like number of pods per plant (69.67), pod length (9.92 cm), number of seeds per pod (9.17) seed yield per plant (12.83 g). Lower seed yield (237.3 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1985.2 kg ha-1) recorded T1 (without seed bio-priming). Whereas, higher B:C ratio (2.96) was recorded with 100% N equivalent through neemcake + seed bio-priming.

Effect of nitrogen management on yield and quality of finger millet, Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn

An experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of the Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat during kharif season of 2019 to study the effect of nitrogen management on yield and quality of finger millet [Eleusine Coracana (L) Gaertn]. Treatments comprised four different sources of organic manures viz FYM, vermicompost, NADEP compost and poultry manure used with combination of recommended dose of nitrogen as well as with or without Azosprillum as a seedling treatment. Number of fingers per earhead ranged from 6.35 to 8.40; finger length from 5.98 to 7.45 cm, grain yield from 1, 993 to 2, 677 kg/ha, straw yield from 6, 224 to 6, 749 kg/ha and test weight from 2.38 to 2.66 g. Application of 25 per cent N through vermicompost + Azosprillum + 50 per cent N through fertilizer resulted in higher value of yield attributes and grain and straw yield though this treatment was at par with some other treatments. Significantly higher nitrogen and protein content of finger millet grain was recorded under the same treatment which was at par with treatments 25 per cent N through FYM + Azosprillum + 50 per cent N through fertilizer and 25 per cent N through FYM + Azosprillum + 50 per cent N through fertilizer. Phosphorus, potash, iron, zinc, copper and manganese content in finger millet grain remained unaffected by different nitrogen management treatments.

Effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of French bean under high altitude rain fed climatic conditions of Gurez-Jammu and Kashmir

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Mountain Agriculture Research and Extension Station Gurez, SKUAST-K (J&K) with five treatments comprising (control, Sheep manure@20 t ha-1,FYM @ 24 t ha-1,Vermi-Compost @ 8 t ha-1 and sheep manure 5t+FYM 6t+vermi-compost 2t+Rhizobium2.5kgha-1during kharif -2019 to find out the response of different sources of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield parameters of french bean under high altitude rain fed climatic conditions. Among the treatments studied, significantly highest plant height (57.33 cm), No. of pods plant-1 (38.33), pod yield plant-1 (240.00 g), pod yield plot-1 14.40 kg and pod yield 319.99 q hectare-1 were noticed with the integrated application of organic manures and bio-fertilizer (sheep manure 5t + FYM 6t + vermi-compost 2t+Rhizobium 2.5 kg ha-1).

Effect of organic manures and liquid organic formulations on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) economics

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of last week of December 2019 at the certified organic experiment farm of the SHIATS Model of Organic Farm (SMOF) in NAI, Prayagraj to study the response of wheat under different sources of organic manures and liquid organic formulation on yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment consists 10 treatments with 3 replications laid out in a randomized block design. Organic manures i.e., Control 16 t/ha, M1: FYM 25% (4 t/ha) + Vermicompost 75% (4.5 t/ha), M2: FYM 50% (8 t/ha) + Vermicompost 50% (3 t/ha), M3: FYM 75% (12 t/ha) + Vermicompost 25% (1.5 t/ha) and Liquid organic formulations i.e., L1: Panchagavya at 2%, L2: Vermiwash at 5%, L3: Panchagavya at 2% + Vermiwash at 5%. The result concluded that the maximum grain yield (2.39 t/ha) and straw yield (3.67 t/ha) was recorded with application of FYM 75% + VC 25% + Panchagavya at 2% + Vermiwash at 5% spray. The economic analysis clearly indicates that higher benefit: cost ratio (2.11) recorded with application of FYM 50% + VC 50% + Panchagavya at 2% spray.

Effect of Different Sources of Organic Manures and Different Levels of Humic and Fulvic Acid on Growth, Flowering, Yield and its Components of Watermelon Plants

Effect of Different Sources of Organic Manures and Different Levels of Humic and Fulvic Acid on Growth, Flowering, Yield and its Components of Watermelon Plants

Redox Chemistry and Nutrient Release from Organic Amended Terrace Soil under Anaerobic Incubation

Aims: To examine the changes in pH and Eh values of terrace soils during anaerobic incubation when amended with different organic materials, and to study N, P and S release from different manure and bio-slurry in terrace soil under anaerobic condition.
 Study Design: The experiment was carried out following Complete randomized design (CRD) with two replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: A laboratory incubation study was conducted in Soil Science Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in December 2014 for 98 days.
 Methodology: The surface (0-15 cm) soil sample was collected from rice growing field of a selected area of Bhaluka, Mymensingh. The incubation study was carried out using four different sources of organic manures with two replications and five treatment combinations. The changes in soil pH, Eh and release pattern of N, P, and S from some organic materials in terrace soil under anaerobic incubation were investigated during December 2014 to April 2015. The soil was amended with all the treatments at 2g 100 g-1 (air dry basis) soil and incubated for 14 weeks at 25° C. The N, P and S release were determined by the measurement of NH4-N, phosphate P and SO4-S on destructive sampling at every two weeks.
 Results: The pH values increased at initial stage but gradually decreased over time to neutral and the soil became reduced with the advancement of incubation, it varies (1-3 weeks) depending on the quality of organic matter used. The reduction potential showed a significant variation among the treatments. Overall, when the pH values were averaged over the weeks, the highest pH value was measured in poultry bio-slurry (PB) amended soil followed by poultry manure (PM), cow dung bio-slurry (CDB) and cow dung (CD) amended soils and the lowest was in control. In case of Eh, the most negative (-133.08) Eh value was measured in PM amended soil followed by poultry bio-slurry (PB), CD and CDB amended soils. Control soil had comparatively positive Eh value. At the end of incubation, the highest amount of NH4-N found in CDB followed by CD, PM, PB and the lowest was in control; the highest amount of phosphate P found in PB followed by PM, control, CDB and CD; the highest amount of SO4-S found in PB followed by PM, CD, CDB and the lowest was in control.
 Conclusion: PB is the best source of organic amendment with respect to release of P and S, whereas CDB showed the best performance in release of N. Nutrient release and availability in reduced environment in terrace soil are a function of soil redox chemistry which is influenced by the quality and quantity of organic matter.