Different Regions Of Turkey Research Articles

Effect of partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula milk on weight gain of late preterm and term infants-a multicenter study.

Data on the effectiveness of hydrolyzed infant formula containing both pre- and probiotics (synbiotic formula) on the growth of infants is still scarce. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the effect of a partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula on growth parameters and the possible occurrence of major gastrointestinal adverse events or morbidities in infants born via cesarean section (C-section) delivery. C-section-delivered term and late preterm infants who received either partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula, standard formula, or maternal milk and followed at seven different hospitals from five different regions of Turkey, during a 1-year period with a minimum follow-up duration of 3 months were evaluated retrospectively. All the included infants were evaluated for their growth patterns and any kind of morbidity such as diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, infection, or history of hospitalization. A total of 198 infants (73 in the human milk group, 61 in the standard formula group, and 64 in the partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula group) reached the final analysis. The groups were similar regarding their demographic and perinatal characteristics. No difference was observed between the three groups regarding gastrointestinal major side effects. Growth velocities of the infants in the human milk and partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula groups during the first month of life were similar whereas the weight gain of infants in the standard formula group was significantly less than these two groups (p < 0.001). Growth velocities were similar among the three groups between 1st and 3rd months of age. A partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula provided better weight gain in late-preterm and term infants who were delivered via C-section delivery compared to the standard formula during the first month of life. This weight gain was similar to the infants receiving exclusively human milk. This difference was not observed in length and head circumference gain. No difference was observed in any of the parameters during the 1st-3rd months of age. Specially formulated partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formulas may reverse at least some of the negative impacts of C-section delivery on the infant and help to provide better growth, especially during the early periods of life.

Bioactive potential of ripened white cheeses manufactured in different geographical regions of Turkey.

This study investigated the potential bioactive properties of white cheeses produced in different regions of Turkey, including their potential antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The cheese samples were analyzed both before and after in vitro digestion. The study found that all cheese samples exhibited significant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activity both before (45.5%-70.1% for 0.03gcheese/mL) and after in vitro digestion (25.5%-63.5% for 0.0167g cheese/mL), whereas α-amylase inhibition activity was present in all samples (in the range of 5.1%-50.0% for 3.0×10-5 gcheese/mL) but disappeared after digestion, and α-glucosidase inhibition activity was only detected after in vitro digestion (from 20.5% to 60.4% for 5.6×10-5 gcheese/mL), indicating potential antidiabetic properties. However, antimicrobial and anticancer activities were not observed in any of the samples. The results also suggest that the bioactivity potential of white cheese may vary depending on the region of production, as cheeses from the Marmara region exhibited high α-glucosidase inhibition activity after digestion. In conclusion, while white cheese is a valuable addition to the diet due to its high nutritional value and potential health benefits. This study revealed the bioactive potential of ripened white cheese and in vivo investigations of the cheese components would better show their possible benefits. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Although the bioactivity potentials varied among the ripened white cheese samples produced in different regions of Turkey, a consistent trend was observed in terms of their presence or absence. Our research revealed that all ripened cheese samples demonstrated significant potential antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, as well as potential antidiabetic properties. Moreover, it can be interpreted that ripened white cheese has the potential to reduce the digestion of carbohydrates when consumed with carbohydrate-rich foods. Although the present results provide limited practical findings directly applicable to the industry, if the data and information obtained from this study are further explored and further studies delving into specific mechanisms of bioactive components could emerge.

The Relationship between COVID-19 Phobia and Health Cognitions and Psychosocial Factors

Objective: The study aimed to determine the levels of corona-phobia experienced by individuals in a broad population representative of Turkish society, and the correlation with health cognitions and psychosocial factors. &#x0D; Material and Method: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with 1620 participants who lived in different regions of Turkey. Data were collected using an information form, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and the Health Cognitions Questionnaire. &#x0D; Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.13±10.90 and 62.8% of them were female. The mean score of COVID-19 phobia score was 51.84±13.53 and health cognition was 60.17±9.61. COVID-19 phobia was significantly related to cognitions of difficulty coping with illness, medical services adequacy, the awfulness of illness and the likelihood of illness. The factors influencing the C19P-S of participants were, being female, having a chronic illness, having too much impact on daily life, difficulty coping with illness, awfulness of illness, and likelihood of illness. &#x0D; Conclusion: It is recommended to plan interventions to increase public awareness of COVID-19 and to reduce corona-phobia. These interventions should be especially about the negative impact of corona-phobia on people with a chronic illness and women’s mental health.

The Relationship Between Intelligence and Creativity Within the Threshold Theory Among Gifted and Bright Secondary School Students in Turkey

This study examines the relationship between the intelligence and creativity scores of gifted and bright students according to the Threshold Theory.1155 students participated in the study. Students are at the secondary school level. There are seven different regions in Turkey. The sample consists of participants from the largest provinces of the regions. The Wisc-R intelligence test and Torrance Creative Thinking Test (TTCT) were used. Data were collected over a decade between 2012 and 2022. The obtained data were tested according to the Threshold Theory. The relationship between intelligence and creativity was studied based on different intelligence score ranges. A significant relationship was found between the intelligence and creativity scores of the bright students. It was determined that there is a positive and significant ( r = .725, p &lt; .001) correlation between intelligence and creativity scores of children ( n = 432) with bright intelligence (120–129). In the findings obtained, no significant correlation was found between giftedness and creativity scores of the gifted and profoundly gifted students. No significant correlation was found between intelligence and creativity scores ( r = .051, p &gt; .05) of gifted children ( n = 581). No significant correlation was found between intelligence and creativity scores ( r = .062, p &gt; .05) of children ( n = 142) with profoundly gifted intelligence (146–160). The result of this study confirmed the Threshold Theory.

Türkiye’de İki İlde Optimum Eğim Açılarında Eğimli Yüzeyde Aylık, Mevsimsel, Yıllık Toplam Güneş Işınımının Tahmini

In solar energy systems that use solar panels, it's important to know the best tilt angle to optimize solar energy production. Monthly, seasonal, and annual optimum tilt angles were determined in this study using meteorological insolation data from many years in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya, which are located in different regions of Turkey. At optimum tilt angles, monthly, seasonal, and annual total radiation on the tilted surface were 1516.7 kWh m-2 year-1, 1504.1 kWh m-2 year-1 and 1448.1 kWh m-2 year-1 in Tekirdag, respectively. In Konya, these values were 1851.4 kWh m-2 year-1, 1833.51 kWh m-2 year-1 and kWh m-2 year-1, respectively. In the seasonal and annual optimum tilt angles, there was an approximately 1% and 5% loss in the total radiation values on the tilted surface, respectively, according to the monthly optimum tilt angle. In addition, the coefficients of the relationship between the monthly mean daily radiation on the tilted surface and the tilt angles were determined for each month using the cubic regression model in both provinces. The Cubic regression model coefficients are computed for each month in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya. All months in both provinces had R2 (Coefficient of determination) values of 0.999 for the Cubic model. To determine whether there is a difference between the total amounts of radiation reaching the tilted surface for each month at the best tilt angles obtained by the two methods, the t-test was used. The monthly average daily radiation values on the tilted surface obtained by the two methods at the best tilt angles in both provinces have not been found to differ statistically (p&gt;0.05; t=0.001).

Differences in the salt amount of the bread sold in different regions of Turkey: A descriptive study

Differences in the salt amount of the bread sold in different regions of Turkey: A descriptive study

Türkiye'deki Staphylininae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Altfamilyası Üzerine Faunistik Çalışmalar

The purpose of this study is to give additional records on the fauna of Staphylininae in Turkey. The field trips were made in different provinces of Turkey between 2007-2018. 69 specimens collected using aspirators were examined. In conclusion of the examined material, twelve species of the subfamily Staphylininae were reported from different regions of Turkey. Among them, Atrecus affinis (Paykull, 1789) from Central Anatolian Region, Dinothenarus flavocephalus (Goeze, 1777) and Neobisnius orbus orbus (Kiesenwetter, 1850) from Eastern Anatolian Region and Philonthus atratus (Gravenhorst, 1802) from Aegean Region are recorded for the first time. In addition, new locality records of the recorded species were presented.

Citrus Honeys from Three Different Regions of Turkey: HPLC-DAD Profiling and in Vitro Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties with Chemometric Study.

The objectives of the present study are to compare the phenolic profiles and biological activities of 15 citrus honey samples from three different locations in Turkey using a chemometric approach. The HPLC-DAD analysis was used to determine phenolic profiles. Nineteen phenolic compounds were identified. Gallic acid (107.14-717.04 μg/g) was recorded as the predominant compound. AF (Antalya-Finike) had the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS⋅+ (IC50 : 18.01±0.69 mg/mL), metal chelating (IC50 : 6.20±0.19 mg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.50 : 12.05±0.68 mg/mL) assays, while it revealed the best anti-inflammatory activity against COX-2 (17.28±0.22 %) and COX-1 (43.28±0.91 %). AM (Antalya-Manavgat) was the most active in β-carotene-linoleic acid (IC50 : 10.05±0.19 mg/mL), anti-urease (38.90±0.69 %), anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activities. AKO1 (Adana-Kozan-1) in DPPH⋅ (IC50 : 34.25±0.81 mg/mL) assay, AKU1 (Antalya-Kumluca-1) in tyrosinase inhibition activity (37.73±0.38 %) assay, AKU2 (Antalya-Kumluca-2) in AChE (10.55±0.63 %) and BChE (9.18±0.45 %) inhibition activity assays showed the best activity. Chemometric tools were applied to the phenolic compositions and biological properties. PCA and HCA ensured that 15 citrus honey samples were grouped into 3 clusters. The results showed that myricetin, kaempferol, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, gallic acid, catechin and p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid are phenolic compounds that can be used in the classification of citrus honeys.

Investigation of human papilloma virus frequency in pregnant women.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV types, and the association with age, pregnancy, and childbirth in pregnant women. Four hundred and forty-eight pregnant women who visited our clinic were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine HPV DNA and typing by cervical smear in the initial applications of patients with detailed history. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 was used to analyze the data. HPV DNA was positive in 26 (5.8%) of 448 patients who participated in the study. High-risk HPV types were detected in 77% of HPV-positive cases and low-risk HPV types in 23% of cases. Only one HPV type was detected in 13 patients (50%), while multiple HPV types were detected in 13 patients (50%) of the HPV-positive cases. A significant negative association was found between gravidity and positivity of HPV DNA. HPV is more common in women with lower parity and gravidity. Studies conducted in different populations in different regions of Turkey have shown that the incidence of HPV in women ranges from 2.2% to 26%. In our study, the incidence of HPV DNA in pregnant women was 5.8%. It was found that there was an inverse relationship between parity and HPV DNA positivity. The HPV DNA positivity decreased with the number of births.

Evaluation of the impact of fluoride in drinking water and tea on the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth

BackgroundSystemic fluoride intake is predominantly derived from drinking water and tea. It’s been noted that water and tea containing fluoride, within the boundaries set by the World Health Organization, can lessen the prevalence of dental caries. A review of the literature did not uncover any study that has examined the impact of fluoride in bottled drinking water and tea on enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth. Thus, we assessed the effects of fluoride present in seven different brands of bottled water from distinct geographical regions of Turkey, and a type of tea produced and packaged in Turkey, on the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth.Materials and methodsFluoride analysis was performed on drinking water sourced from seven different regions of Turkey and a brand of tea brewed with these waters. The tea was harvested and packaged in Turkey. The analysis was conducted using an ion-selective electrode. In total, 112 tooth enamel samples (56 deciduous molars and 56 permanent molars) were randomly divided into eight distinct groups. These were kept in water for 15 min and tea for 15 min every day for a month. The eighth group was treated with fluoride gel prior to tea and water applications. The amount of fluoride in the tooth enamel structure was evaluated using an SEM EDX device before and after the experiment.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in fluoride content of enamel between water brands and tooth type (deciduous and permanent teeth). Fluoride levels were higher in the enamel of deciduous teeth than in permanent teeth.ConclusionRegular exposure of enamel samples to black tea and water led to an increase in fluoride levels in the enamel; thus, regular consumption of black tea and fluoride water could help reduce the prevalence of dental caries.

Awareness of Preschool Teachers on the Concept of Well-Being

This study aimed to understand the awareness of preschool teachers about the concept of well-being. The research was carried out using the phenomenology method, one of the qualitative research designs. Seven preschool teachers, each of whom works in schools in different regions of Turkey, were included in the study group, which was determined by the purposeful sampling method, and they did not participate in the training on the subjects that would enable them to know about the concept of well-being. The research data were collected through semi-structured interview form in line with the expert opinions of five faculty members working in preschool education and psychology departments. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. As a result of the findings analyzed by dividing the data into three main sections, which are the definition of well-being, teacher well-being, and child well-being, it was seen that preschool teachers had various knowledge and could comments on the concept of well-being. Also, it was determined that they were unaware of the concept's dimensions and could not handle it with a holistic approach. These findings obtained from the research were discussed, and various suggestions were presented to increase awareness about well-being.

Incidence of the exposure to blood and blood products and its relationship with the medical education accreditation among last grade medical students in Turkey

Abstract:&#x0D; Backgrounds: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the blood contact and needle-stick injury rates of final-year (year-6) medical students receiving their education and training at medical schools in different regions of Turkey and to analyse the relationships between blood contact and needle-stick injury and the personal variables of students and accreditation certifications of medical schools.&#x0D; Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, self-reporting questionnaires were completed anonymously by consenting final-year medical students. The study population (N = 7900) included all final-year medical students attending the 76 medical schools of Turkey. Of the 76 medical schools, 13 were selected by stratified random sampling, according to their accreditation certification and geographical location, which resulted in 2786 final-year medical students being contacted for participation. The dependent variable was percutaneous contact and the timing of the contact. The independent variables were the personal characteristics, occupational health and safety knowledge, invasive medical procedure skills, and blood-borne disease knowledge of final-year medical students, as well as, the accreditation certification of medical schools. Comparisons between groups were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression.&#x0D; Results: 83.8% (n = 2334) of 2786 final-year medical students contacted, consented to participate. Blood contact rates of 75.2% for intact skin contact, 20.0% for mucosal contact, and 35.4% for percutaneous contact were reported; with27.0% of medical students reporting contaminated blood contact. The average percutaneous time-to-contact was 8.95 ± 0.09 months, with the percutaneous contact rate approaching 50% in the 12th month of the hazard analysis. Percutaneous contact was significantly higher in students who received no formal occupational health and safety training (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11-1.50) and who attended non-accredited medical schools (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.26-1.66). Percutaneous contact increased significantly in medical students with increasing invasive medical procedure applying scores (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04-1.09).&#x0D; Conclusion: The final year of medical education and training is a high-risk period for percutaneous contact, with the evidence suggesting that the high risks could be mediated by implementing appropriate occupational health and safety education and training. The accreditation certification of medical schools is a significant independent variable in exposure risk. The low blood-contact reporting rate among medical students is a serious concern that requires the implementation of appropriate interventional measures.&#x0D; Key words:blood contact,needle-stick injury, medical students, accreditation, occupational health and safety

MOLECULAR MARKER BASED ESTIMATION OF APRICOT GENOTYPES COLLECTED FROM YEŞİLHİSAR REGION OF KAYSERİ

Apricot is one of the most important stone fruits in the world. It can be evaluated as both fresh consumption and drying. Turkey is the first apricot producing country and has a rich genetic diversity. There are many apricot populations in different regions of Turkey. Some of them contain standard cultivars and some of them consist of local varieties or genotypes. Kayseri province has relatively important local apricot populations. In this study, genetic diversity in apricot populations in Yeşilhisar, Kayseri-Turkey was investigated. In the study, 32 apricot genotypes were studied with ISSR and POX markers. In apricot genotypes, 88.1% polymorphism was obtained with ISSR markers and 32.7% with POX markers. A dendrogram was created by combining ISSR and POX markers data. Accordingly, the level of similarity among genotypes varied between 0.73-1.00. Among the apricots, the genotypes 31 and 32 in particular were clearly apart from the others. In addition, genotype 21 was located alone in the dendrogram. The remaining apricots are divided into two main groups. The study revealed that Yeşilhisar region apricots have a significant variation.

ON THE RATIONALIZATION, SURVEILLANCE AND ALIENATION POTENTIAL OF ONLINE DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE PERIOD OF COVID-19: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH WITH ACADEMICS IN TURKEY

The COVID-19 pandemic is an epidemic that has led to many changes and transformations in individuals’ lives, which may even be called revolutionary. The most significant impact of the pandemic is causing high and permanent digitalization in every area of daily lives, from shopping to working from home, from participating in virtual events to education. In many countries of the world, within the scope of total closure measures, online education has been started at all education levels, and in this sense, experiences that are similar or different at some points have been gained. Online education experience in higher education has displayed rationalization in education and alienation from the profession due to the surveillance and supervision of academicians and the characteristics of the online environment. In this study, which was prepared with this framework at the center, in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 academicians working at universities in different regions of Turkey. According to the findings obtained from the interviews, online education in higher education creates problems such as surveillance, rationalization, and alienation for Turkish academicians. The details of these experiences achieved results, and recommendations for future education models will be discussed throughout the article.

Elemental compositions and stable isotope signatures for determining the geographical origin of salep orchids collected from different regions of Turkey

Salep is a highly valued natural food and medicinal commodity with strict regulations on its use and export. It is produced from tubers of orchids and consumed for its delectable and functional qualities in different parts of the world. This study aimed to identify and compare the elemental composition and isotope ratios of salep based on discrimination of geographical origins. The samples were collected from five different regions (North, Southwest, South, Southeast and East Anatolia) of Turkey. The 21 microelements (Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl and Bi) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while the isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O and δ2H) were determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). According to the ICP-MS results, Fe, Zn and Mn comprised around 77% of the elemental composition. North Anatolia samples had higher concentrations of Cr and Ni, while samples from Southeast and East Anatolia regions were enriched in Cs. Isotopic ratios varied significantly between samples and minimum and maximum ratios were determined as − 29.76 and − 26.63‰, 0 and 6.66‰, 28.09 and 37.31‰, − 144.86 and − 84.20‰ for the δ13C, δ15N, δ18O and δ2H, respectively. Collected isotopic data was also evaluated by multivariate statistical analyses to discriminate according to their geographical origins of salep tubers. According to the findings, the samples had a characteristic isotopic fingerprint and the isotope ratios can be important predictors for the discrimination of geographical origins. Results indicate the significant compositional variation between salep of different origins, which may be attributable to differences in environmental conditions such as climate and soil composition and intrinsic factors such as fungal associations of orchids.

Preschool Children’s Metaphoric Perceptions of Digital Games: A Comparison between Regions

Preschoolers now play digital games on touch screens, e-toys and electronic learning systems. Although digital games have an important place in children’s lives, there needs to be more information about the meanings they attach to games. In this context, the research aims to determine the perceptions of preschool children studying in different regions of Turkey regarding digital games with the help of metaphors. Four hundred twenty-one preschool children studying in seven regions of Turkey participated in the research. The data were collected through the “Digital Game Metaphor Form” to determine children’s perceptions of digital games and through “Drawing and Visualization”, which comprises the symbolic pictures children draw of their feelings and thoughts. Phenomenology, a qualitative research model, was used in this study. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. When the data were evaluated, the children had produced 421 metaphors collected in the following seven categories: “Nature Images, Technology Images, Fantasy/Supernatural Images, Education Images, Affective/Motivational Images, Struggle Images, and Value Images”. When evaluated based on regions, the Black Sea Region ranked first in the “Fantasy/Supernatural Images and Affective/Motivational Images” categories. In contrast, the Central Anatolia Region ranked first in the “Technology Images and Education Images” categories, and the Marmara Region ranked first in the “Nature Images and Value Images” categories. In addition, it was determined that the Southeast Anatolia Region ranks first in the “Struggle Images” category.

Examining Media Literacy Perceptions of Preservice Social Studies Teachers in Turkey

The most commonly used definition of media literacy is the capacity to access, analyze, evaluate and generate information for specific implications. Media literacy helps individuals to critically analyze media forms, question media influences and uses, utilize media intentionally, and produce alternative media. The purpose of this study is to investigate how preservice social studies teachers perceive media literacy. In order to do this, the Media Literacy Perception Scale (MLPS) was administered, and a descriptive survey approach was used for the research. A total of one thousand social studies education students from seven different regions of Turkey were randomly selected for the sample, ranging from students enrolled in the first, second, third, and fourth years at seven different state universities. A proportional stratified sampling technique was employed in the study. The dependent variable in this research is the media literacy perceptions of preservice social studies teachers, and the independent variable is a variety of demographic characteristics.&#x0D; In order to examine and interpret the gathered research data, One-Way Anova and t-test analyses were performed. Based on the findings of the research, the participant students majoring in social studies education often showed high levels of perceptions of media literacy on both the scale and sub-dimensions. According to the research, a number of variables, including the amount of time spent watching TV, the amount of time spent online, and the region of residency, significantly affect students’ media literacy perceptions. The findings suggest that future students of these preservice teachers will benefit from their teachers’ increased media literacy skills.

Investigation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Flowers’ Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Activities against Different Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis

Mastitis is one of the most considerable and costly diseases for dairy herds, and Staphylococcus spp. is known to be the main causative agent. Although antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of mastitis, this can cause both antibiotic residues in milk and the risk of antibiotic resistance occurrence in bacteria. Thus, in recent years, researchers have focused on alternative treatments for this disease and plants extracts are investigated for this purpose. Pomegranate is widely used as a dye, ornament, and medicinal plants in the industry, and the species has a particularly high economic value in Turkey. This study aims to investigate in vitro the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the pomegranate flower’s extracts against different Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. To this aim, pomegranate flowers were collected from different regions in Turkey and extracts were prepared with three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water). The retention factor values of the ethanol extract were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out via the disk diffusion method. In addition, the extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals for antioxidant activity. Four retention factors (0.79, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.33 points) were found for the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition zones against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus-37 (CNS-37) and S. aureus-18. The lowest MIC was 6500 μg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extracts. As a result, the extracts of pomegranate flowers showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential against the examined mastitis pathogens.

Amoebicidal and Cytotoxic Activity of Propolis collected from Different Regions in Turkey on Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the amoebicidal effects of propolis collected from different regions in Turkey on Acanthamoeba trophozoites. Method: The propolis was collected from different geographic sites (Van, Erzurum, Gümüşhane, Ordu, Rize, and Muğla) in Turkey. Different concentrations of propolis ethanolic extract (in quantities from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mg/mL) and the same volume of trophozoites in 100 μl culture were blended for the identification of the amoebicidal efficiency of propolis. Results: The growth of trophozoites stopped in Turkish propolis extracts with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50)/48h for 5 mg/mL extract solution. Propolis showed more potent inhibitory effects on Acanthamoeba trophozoites at concentrations of 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 mg/mL for 72 h. Propolis extract substantially inhibited human bronchial epithelial cells, especially at higher concentrations (7, 8, and 16 mg/mL). Propolis can kill Acanthamoeba trophozoites at a concentration (of 3-6 mg/mL) but is safe for human bronchial epithelial cells at the same concentrations after 72 h treatment, this paves the way for propolis to be an alternative source of therapeutic drugs in the treatment of Acanthamoeba spp. Conclusion: Acanthamoeba infection still cannot be treated with drugs. In this study, propolis collected from different regions of Turkey showed amoebic and cytotoxic activities. Propolis extract, which is a natural product that can be used against Acanthamoeba trophozoites can be an alternative source of therapeutic drugs in the treatment of Acanthamoeba, supported by in vivo studies.

Makine Öğrenimi Yoluyla Bölgesel Arı Sütü Farklarının Arkasındaki Kimyasal Faktörleri Keşfetmek

This study aims to discover the characteristic chemical factors for determining the region of royal jelly using machine learning. 84 samples from 13 different regions of Turkey were used for the study, and the chemical parameters of moisture, pH, acidity, and 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA) were investigated. ANOVA test was conducted to determine whether there are differences between royal jelly from 13 locations concerning the four chemical values. In addition to the statistical tests, a machine learning model was used to find out what makes royal jelly different from each other. The descriptive statistics of the chemical analysis results of royal jelly showed the following values: moisture 63.05%±2.99, pH 3.67±0.08, acidity 45.32±3.55, and 10-HDA 2.40±0.24. Surprisingly, the machine learning model suggests that 10-HDA may be the most prominent parameter for determining the region of royal jelly. This information will help us identify royal jelly’s authenticity more easily.