Different Regions Of China Research Articles

Combating the Co-Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Influenza: Identifying Multi-Dimensional Factors Associated with the Uptake of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine among a Chinese National Sample.

The co-circulation of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza highlighted the importance of promoting influenza vaccination. However, the influenza vaccination rate among the Chinese population is low and requires further promotion. This study examined multi-dimensional factors, such as knowledge of seasonal influenza, health perceptions, cues to action, patient-provider relationships, and COVID-19 pandemic-related factors, in relation to the uptake of the seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) among the Chinese population. A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey using a quota sampling method was conducted among Chinese adults 18 years and older between June and August 2022. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore factors associated with the 2021 SIV behavior. A total of 3161 individuals from different regions of China were included in this study. The multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that perceived severity of influenza, perceived barriers to taking SIV, cues to action, a stable relationship with providers, worry about contracting COVID-19 in immunization settings, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and awareness of the influenza vaccine in protecting against COVID-19 were significantly associated with the SIV uptake. This study examined multi-dimensional factors that may influence SIV uptake. Health promotion programs should incorporate multi-dimensional factors, including personal and environmental factors, related to SIV promotion during the co-circulation period.

Internal tension or external pressure? Study on the influencing factors of the diffusion of education policies for older adults in China – Based on the analysis of China’s provincial panel data from 2016 to 2023

ABSTRACT The development of education for older adults through policy measures has become an important means for governments to actively cope with population aging. Taking the number of education policies for older adults adopted in 31 provinces of China from 2016 to 2023 as an example, this study empirically analyzes the factors influencing the diffusion of education policies from dimensions of internal tension and external pressure. The results showed that the level of economic development, natural population growth rate, older adults dependency ratio, child dependency ratio, illiterate population over 15 years old, number of local libraries inside the province and the adoption of education policies for older adults in adjacent provinces significantly affected the adoption of education policies for older adults in each province. After the introduction of regional variables, it is found that there are significant differences in the adoption of education policies for older adults by provincial governments in different regions of China. The policy responsiveness of eastern provinces is the best, followed by the central, and the western is the worst. The above results indicate that provincial governments in China are not only affected by the supply level of education services for older adults and their service demand within the province, but also affected by the adoption behavior of other provinces when making decisions, which is the result of rational thinking and competitive pressure. The above results provide China’s experience for the diffusion and implementation of education policies for older adults in a wider range.

The Reach and Impact of a Positive Youth Development Program (Project P.A.T.H.S.) in China and Beyond: Review and Reflection

AbstractThere are few validated positive youth development (PYD) programs in different regions of China. Utilizing 15 PYD constructs extracted from effective programs in the United States and with the support of the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, colleagues from five universities in Hong Kong developed the P.A.T.H.S. Program in Hong Kong. In the past two decades, the research team trained 9,415 potential program implementers, supported the implementation in 300 + high schools in Hong Kong (357,839 participants) and evaluated the impact of the project. Because of its overall success, the P.A.T.H.S. Program was transplanted to mainland China with the support of the Tin Ka Ping Foundation, with adaptation of the curriculum materials. Before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the research team also trained 1,589 teachers and related professionals, provided guidance on the implementation in 30 + schools (84,000 + participants), and evaluated the impact of the program. This paper reviews the achievements, effects, and impact of the P.A.T.H.S. Program in China and beyond. It also highlights several observations and reflections regarding the future development of positive youth development programs in China as well as around the globe.

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the association between socioeconomic development and health policy attention: a geographically and temporally weighted regression modeling study in China.

Health policy attention (HPA) refers to the extent of attention given by governments to health issues in public policy and is generally influenced by socioeconomic development. This study aimed to examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and clustering of the associations between socioeconomic factors and HPA. Longitudinal study. This study examined the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the association between public and provincial government attention, economic development, and demographic transition and HPA by using geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR). Word2Vec machine learning technology was utilized to calculate HPA data in 323 cities and independent variable data was collected in each city in China over the period of 2018-2021. The results showed that there is a substantial overall rise in HPA levels throughout China following the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the GTWR results revealed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the associations between HPA and public and provincial government attention, economic development, and demographic transition, particularly in the context of COVID-19. The impact of provincial government attention on HPA decreased from the capital of the political center outward, while the impact of public financial investment decreased in less developed cities during the pandemic. It was only cities with high levels of aging are more likely to receive greater HPA. The finding highlighted the remarkable spatial and temporal variations in the associations between the variables and HPA across different regions in China, emphasizing the need for region-specific policies to strengthen the focus on health by municipal governments.

Population threshold for the evolution towards an advanced economy in Chinese cities

Although the problems created by exceeding Earth’s carrying capacity are real, a too-small population also creates problems. The convergence of a nation’s population into small areas (i.e., cities) via processes such as urbanization can accelerate the evolution of a more advanced economy by promoting new divisions of labor and the evolution of new industries. The degree to which population density contributes to this evolution remains unclear. To provide insights into whether an optimal “threshold” population exists, we quantified the relationships between population density and economic development using threshold regression model based on the panel data for 295 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2019. We found that when the population density of the whole city (urban and rural areas combined) exceeded 866 km−2, the impact of industrial upgrading on the economy decreased; however, when the population density exceeded 15,131 km−2 in the urban part of the cities, the impact of industrial upgrading increased. Moreover, it appears that different regions in China may have different population density thresholds. Our results provide important insights into urban economic evolution, while also supporting the development of more effective population policies.

Optical-thermal modeling and geographic analysis of dusty radiative cooling surfaces

Radiative cooling for energy conservation and harvesting has gained considerable attention worldwide in recent years. The optical and thermal characteristics of radiative cooling surface at outdoors is susceptible to dust soiling. Currently, limited research has been devoted to this problem. This work presents a model utilizing the beam envelope method and effective medium theory to investigate the optical characteristics of radiative cooling surfaces impacted by dust soiling. Subsequently, an optical-thermal coupling model is developed to investigate the spectral emissivity, average absorption/emission rates, and net heat gain of radiative cooling surfaces affected by dust soiling. The effect of dust soiling on the absorption of solar radiation is evident, with a substantial effect observed, but its impact on emissivity in the atmospheric window bands is comparatively minor. Meanwhile, it could be noticed that the mechanisms by which various material parameters of dust layers impact optical characteristics are different. In addition, the integration of the optical-thermal coupling model with EnergyPlus meteorological data and MERRA-2 facilitates an exploration of the geographical distribution of radiative cooling power variations induced by dust soiling across different regions in China. It is concluded that regions in China with a higher potential for radiative cooling often characterized by elevated dust deposition rates and low precipitation, rendering them more susceptible to the adverse effects of dust soiling. Effective cleaning significantly enhances both the optical and thermal characteristics of radiative cooling surfaces. The findings of this study offer a theoretical foundation for the enduring application of radiative cooling technology.

Analysis of Consumer Preferences in the Fitness Services Market of China

This article examines consumer preferences in the fitness services market in China, driven by the growing popularity of fitness and healthy living. Understanding fitness preferences among the population is increasingly important for developing effective fitness programs and marketing strategies. Chinese society is transitioning from traditional lifestyles to more active and healthy ones, leading to a rise in interest in physical activity and entertainment, as well as the emergence of new fitness facilities and programs. Insights into fitness preferences within the context of Chinese society can aid fitness industry enterprises and public health organizers in designing more effective and accessible programs for a broad audience. The contemporary Chinese market is one of the largest and fastest-growing globally. Economic changes in recent decades have led to a significant improvement in living standards and the emergence of new consumer trends among the Chinese population. However, these changes necessitate a thorough analysis of Chinese consumers' preferences to identify key factors influencing their choices. This study is based on a survey of 257 adults from various sociocultural groups across different regions of China. The research aims to determine the problems and prospects of engaging various population segments in health fitness activities and their consumer preferences. The results indicate varied satisfaction levels with fitness outcomes between men and women, with time constraints and lack of motivation being the main obstacles to fitness participation. Financial limitations and the distance to fitness centers also impact, albeit to a lesser extent. The most valued services for a comfortable fitness experience are massage, showers, and personal training programs. Personalized training sessions and online consultations received mixed reviews. These findings highlight the importance of addressing barriers to fitness participation and developing targeted strategies to enhance the quality of life for Chinese consumers.

Variations and driving factors for concentrations and carbon isotopes of dissolved CO2 in lake water across different Chinese lakes

Carbon dioxide (CO2) stands as the primary driver of Earth's greenhouse effect, and it's suggested that the global contribution of CO2 emissions from lakes cannot be ignored. Despite the numerous estimations of CO2 fluxes from lakes, limited focus has been directed towards the carbon isotopes (δ13C) of dissolved CO2 in lake water. Particularly, the potential use of δ13C values in tracing the CO2 concentrations in lake water remains as an understudied area, warranting further exploration and investigation. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the concentrations and δ13C values of dissolved CO2 in 33 lakes located at the Tibetan Plateau, Chinese Loess Plateau, and Yangtze Plain (among which high-resolution spatial investigations were performed in 6 lakes through in-situ continuous monitoring). Our findings revealed spatial variations in both the CO2 concentrations and δ13C values in lakes. Additionally, notable differences are observed among lakes in different regions of China, with lakes in the Yangtze Plain exhibiting considerably higher CO2 concentrations, and the overall CO2 δ13C values in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau tend to be more positive, while those in lakes on the Chinese Loess Plateau tend to be more negative. The pH values, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon are likely crucial factors influencing the CO2 concentrations and δ13C values in the lakes. Furthermore, lake water CO2 concentrations are negatively correlated with δ13C values of CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) both within a single lake with high spatial resolutions or in lake groups across different regions. These results highlight that the CO2/DIC δ13C values can be applied to trace the concentration variations of dissolved CO2 in lakes.

Beholding the Faces of Happiness: Soliciting the Views of the Chinese Art Students Toward an Enriched Well-Being Program

The basic purpose of this study was to investigate the happiness levels of students in Chinese art colleges, with the aim of addressing pressing issues of student well-being and identifying the factors that influence happiness levels in this academic context. This study adopts qualitative interview research method. We conducted in-depth interviews with representative students from art schools in different regions of China to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences and perceptions. Analysis of the survey data revealed several key findings. Overall, most students at Chinese art colleges say their happiness ranges from medium to high. Factors that promote their well-being include a supportive social environment, opportunities for artistic expression, and a sense of belonging to the university community. However, there is a significant correlation between happiness levels and factors such as work intensity, stress levels and financial problems. Qualitative analysis of the interview data further shed light on the students' nuanced experiences, underscoring the importance of overall well-being to academic success. The survey results show that the happiness of Chinese art college students is obviously affected by internal and external factors. To improve overall well-being, it is recommended that the Institute implement targeted interventions aimed at reducing academic stress, fostering a culture of support and inclusion, and providing resources for mental health and financial assistance. In addition, promoting a balance between academic rigor and extracurricular activities can lead to a more fulfilling student experience. Future research efforts should continue to monitor and assess student well-being levels, with a focus on longitudinal studies and comparative analyses across different academic institutions.

Comparative analysis of microbial diversity and functional characteristics of low-temperature Daqu from different regions in China

Baijiu is a unique alcoholic beverage in China, prepared through a traditional solid-state fermentation process. Daqu, recognized as the earliest form of crude enzyme preparation, plays a crucial role in determining the quality of Baijiu. Due to the enzymatic process derived from natural fermentation, the differences between regions were expected to occur. To compare regional-difference in microbial diversity and the functional profile of Daqu, metagenomic sequencing, physicochemical analysis, and electronic sensory evaluation were utilized. The results showed that bacteria and fungi were the main microbes in low-temperature Daqu (LTD), and their ratio of abundance was approximately 9:1. Streptomyces (20.27 %) and Bacillus licheniformis (15.28 %) emerged as the most dominant microbes in LTD at the genus and species levels, respectively. The overall microbial communities and functional profiles of Daqu between the two regions exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05). Bacillus licheniformis was significantly enriched in LTD from Taiyuan (P < 0.05) and mainly contributed to the saccharifying power, fermenting power, esterifying power, and liquefying power of LTD, demonstrating its important role in maintaining LTD quality. LTD from Taiyuan had a significantly higher fermenting power, esterifying power, and liquefying power than LTD from Suizhou (P < 0.05). In addition, a higher abundance of genes responsible for lactate production was detected in LTD from Suizhou, whereas genes associated with acetate production were enriched in LTD from Taiyuan. Collectively, these findings indicated that lactic acid bacteria may play a more important role in LTD from Suizhou, whereas acetate-producing bacteria may have a greater contribution to LTD from Taiyuan. This study provides a reference for microbial regulation during the production process of Daqu, and control of quality and traceability of the origin of Daqu.

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in rural patients with type 2 diabetes referring to Beijing Huairou Hospital, China

BackgroundChina has the largest population of diabetic patients worldwide. A diverse population and regional discrepancy in access to health care and diabetes management may lead to unique risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in different regions of China. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of DR in rural patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 704 type 2 diabetic patients from rural areas referred to Beijing Huairou Hospital, China, from June 1, 2022, to June 1, 2023. The medical history, demographic information, and results of laboratory examinations of patients were collected and analyzed. The diagnosis of DR were performed by experienced ophthalmologists using mydriatic fundus photography.ResultsOut of all patients, 53.8% were male and 46.2% were female. The mean age of patients and duration of diabetes were 54.9 ± 13.0 and 6.2 ± 4.5 years, respectively. The DR prevalence was 16.8%. The independent risk factors for DR in multivariate analysis were diabetes duration > 10 years (OR = 9.16, 95%CI = 5.49–15.30), fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.2 mmol/L (OR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.42–7.42), glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 7% (OR = 6.49, 95%CI = 2.59–16.23), hypertension (OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.05–2.40), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.30–3.59), diabetic nephropathy (OR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.17–3.23), high uric acid level (OR = 3.57, 95%CI = 1.56–8.15), high albumin to creatinine ratio (OR = 2.48, 95%CI = 1.06–5.82), and insulin treatment (OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.12–2.88).ConclusionsThis study evaluated the DR prevalence and its associated risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients from rural areas in Beijing’s Huairou District, China. Paying attention to these risk factors may be useful in screening high-risk diabetic patients for DR and adopting early preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Changes in the starch quality of adlay seed varieties (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) from different regions in China after high-temperature storage

The effects of high-temperature storage at 37 °C on the crystallinity, pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of adlay seed starches from three famous Chinese varieties were studied. The results showed that high-temperature storage altered the natural structure of adlay seed starch, resulting in increased peak viscosity for all starch pastes after one month of storage at 37 °C. Jinsha adlay seed starch (JSC), which had the highest amylose content (11.21 %), showed increased D50, relative crystallinity and OD values, demonstrating strong regrowth ability and hydrophobicity, with starch gels having greater hardness and gumminess after storage. In contrast, Pucheng adlay seed starch (PSC) and waxy Ninghua adlay seed starch (WSC), with similar amylose proportions, showed distinct starch gel properties. PSC (with an amylose content of 3.35 %) exhibited better starch gel properties, whereas WSC (amylose content of 5.74 %) demonstrated improved gumminess and chewiness after storage and exhibited stronger anti-starch regrowth capabilities. This study provides valuable insights into the selection of future starches based on their specific processing requirements.

Associations of physical activity and soybean product consumption with psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional survey of Chinese university students

IntroductionDeclining physical activity among university students has become a concern, with increasingly poor dietary behaviors and other unfavorable factors having an impact on the occurrence of psychological symptoms. Previous studies have analyzed the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological symptoms, but few studies have investigated the association between soy product consumption and these symptoms. In addition, the associations between physical activity and soy product consumption with psychological symptoms have not been investigated.MethodsIn this study, 7267 university students from different regions of China were surveyed regarding physical activity, soy product consumption, and psychological symptoms. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations among MVPA, soy product consumption, and psychological symptoms. A generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to further analyze the associations of MVPA and soy product consumption with psychological symptoms in this population.ResultsThe detection rate of psychological symptoms among Chinese university students was 17.9%, with the rate among female students (18.9%) higher than that among male students (16.6%). The proportion of university students with MVPA < 30 min/d, 30–60 min/d, and > 60 min/d was 76.1%, 19.3%, and 4.6%, respectively, and the proportion with soy product consumption ≤ 2 times/wk, 3–5 times/wk, and ≥ 5 times/wk was 25.8%, 42.4%, and 31.7%, respectively. The GLM showed that compared with university students who had MVPA < 30 min/d and soy product consumption ≤ 2 times/week, those with the lowest risk of developing psychological symptoms had MVPA > 60 min/d and soy product consumption ≥ 6 times/week (OR = 0.198, 95% CI: 0.100–0.393, P < 0.001). This group was followed by university students with MVPA > 60 min/d and soy product consumption 3–5 times/week (OR = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.102–0.479, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn terms of research, there is an association between physical activity and soy product consumption and psychological symptoms among university students. The results of our study suggest that integrated intervention for psychological symptoms among university students is needed from the perspectives of physical activity and dietary behavior to promote good mental health in this population.

Penicillin Allergy in China: Consequences of Inappropriate Skin Testing Practices and Policies.

Penicillins are the most frequently prescribed class of medications worldwide and first-line antibiotic of choice for most bacterial infections. They are also commonly labelled as the culprit of drug 'allergy'; leading to obligatory use of second-line antibiotics, suboptimal antibiotic therapy and increased antimicrobial resistance. However, the majority of reported penicillin 'allergy' labels are found to be incorrect after allergy testing, emphasising the importance of proper drug allergy testing and evaluation. Penicillin skin testing (PST) remains an important component of drug allergy diagnosis; however, its practice and policies significantly differ across the world. Inappropriate and non-evidence-based PST practices can lead to consequences associated with allergy mislabelling. Even within different regions of China, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, there are marked differences in the implementation, execution and interpretation of PST. This review aims to examine the differences in PST between Mainland China, Hong Kong and the rest of the world. We critically analyse the current practice of 'pre-emptive' PST in Mainland China, which has a significant false-positive rate leading to high levels of penicillin allergy mislabelling. Non-evidence-based practices further compound the high false-positive rates of indiscriminatory PST. We postulate that inappropriate PST policies and practices may exacerbate the mislabelling of penicillin allergy, leading to unnecessary overuse of inappropriate second-line antibiotics, increasing antimicrobial resistance and healthcare costs. We advocate for the importance of more collaborative research to improve the contemporary workflow of penicillin allergy diagnosis, reduce mislabelling and promote the dissemination of evidence-based methods for allergy diagnosis.

Spatiotemporal patterns in persistent precipitation extremes of the Chinese mainland (1961–2022) and association with the dynamic factors

Previous studies on extreme precipitation events have primarily focused on the intensity of such events during fixed periods, without considering the entirety of extreme precipitation events and conducting a comprehensive examination of the intensity and frequency of more disastrous persistent extreme precipitation (PEP) events. In this paper, persistent extreme precipitation indices (PEPIs) related to intensity, frequency, duration, and contribution rates were constructed, utilizing a gridded daily precipitation dataset and atmospheric circulation indices data from China for the period 1961–2022 to analyze the spatial distribution, spatiotemporal trends, and seasonal patterns and variations of PEPIs across different regions of China and the potential impact of the dynamic factors on the spatiotemporal variations of PEPIs. The results are crucial for effectively predicting future changes and informing planning for adaptation strategies: From 1961 to 2022, (1) China's PEP pattern displays distinct regional variations. PEP has been prevalent in Western Arid (Semi-Arid) Zone (WAS) and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QT) regions, with higher occurrence frequency, duration, and contribution rates to total extreme precipitation (44.91% and 42.01%) and overall precipitation (26.35% and 29.08%). Conversely, the humid eastern regions exhibit greater event intensity. (2) Intensity-related PEPIs show a significant increase, while the frequency and contribution rate-related PEPIs tend to decrease, indicating less frequent but more concentrated PEP events. (3) Seasonal distribution of PEP events shows a primary concentration in QT, North China (N), the Eastern arid zone (EA), and Northeast China (NE) from June to September and they occur more frequently during spring and summer in Central (C) and South China (S) regions. Summer variations predominantly account for annual PEP variability and trends. (4) WPSHII, SCSSHII, WPWPSII, APVII, NHPVII, NINO3 predominantly affect the WAS, QT, NE, C, and S regions, with WPSHII having the broadest impact, notably on the QT, C, S, and NE regions. In the WAS region during autumn, the interaction of NAO and WPSHII explains 72% of the intensity of PEP events.

A study on the differences in edible insect taxonomy groups habitually consumed by people in different regions of China

Abstract A combination of questionnaires and field research was employed to investigate the types, characteristics, preferences, and socio-cultural of insect consumption among diverse groups across various regions of China, with particular emphasis on the types and characteristics of insects consumed in different localities. Findings indicated notable differences in the edible insect preferences among populations in distinct geographical areas. The insect taxonomic groups frequently consumed in China are primarily Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Coleoptera – examples of such insects include locusts and domestic silkworm pupae. People in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and other regions consume bamboo worms, wasp pupae, and other insects. Insect farming, including yellow mealworms, is prominent in Shandong Province. In the three northeastern provinces, people frequently consume silkworm pupae, ants, and dragonflies. In Yunnan and Guizhou, people preferred bamboo worms and wasp pupae. Deep-frying and stir-frying emerged as the predominant cooking methods for edible insects, while newer approaches like barbecue are becoming increasingly popular. Additionally, our research highlighted that several factors, such as local customs, regional traditions, and economic conditions, shape individuals’ perspectives on edible insects.

Prevalence of very high cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based cross-sectional screening study.

The 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines categorize cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Assessing CVD risk is necessary to identify individuals at very high risk of CVD, enabling tailored and precise intervention for this high-risk population. This study aims to evaluate the severity of a very high risk for CVD stratification among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) across different regions in China. We conducted a cross-sectional screening study from 1 January 2020 to 30 December 2022. Disease duration, body mass index (BMI), targeted organ damage, such as atherosclerotic heart disease, proteinuria, impaired renal function, left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy and known CVD risk factors, were collected from diabetic patients by professionally trained physicians. The risk of CV in patients with DM was categorized into two groups: very high risk and others, according to the 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines. In total, 1 870 720 participants from 1669 hospitals in 30 provinces of China, excluding Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, were enrolled from 2020 to 2022, among whom 67.50% of patients with T2DM were at very high risk for CVD. The proportions of very high-risk T2DM were higher in Northeast China (75.82%), Central China (73.65%) and Southwest China (72.66%), while the lowest prevalence of very high-risk T2DM was found in Southern China (60.15%). The multivariate binary logistic regression analyses suggested that the category of very high risk for CVD is associated with age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.04; p < .0001], BMI (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.07-1.07; p < .0001), duration of DM (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.05-1.05; p < .0001), hypertension (OR = 3.75; 95% CI: 3.72-3.78; p < .0001), dyslipidaemia (OR = 5.22; 95% CI: 5.18-5.27; p < .0001) and smoking (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 2.89-2.95; p < .0001). This study represented the largest observational study of CVD risk assessment in patients with T2DM in China. The CVD risk situation of patients with diabetes in China is critical, and comprehensive control and management of CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, BMI and dyslipidaemia, in patients with DM need to be strengthened in patients with T2DM in China.

Multiscale graph based spatio-temporal graph convolutional network for energy consumption prediction of natural gas transmission process

Energy consumption prediction is crucial for planning and managing natural gas networks, enhancing transmission efficiency. However, most of relevant studies fail to consider the topology of natural gas network. Therefore, a multiscale graph based spatio-temporal graph convolutional network model (MG-STGCN) is proposed, which can extract the multi-scale relationship of data. Based on graph convolutional and temporal gated convolution network, data correlation, spatial dependence and time dependence are considered to improve the prediction effect. In order to verify the effect of the model, the model is tested based on two natural gas networks in different region of China. The single step prediction results of MG-STGCN are significantly better than spatio-temporal graph convolutional network (STGCN), long short-term memory (LSTM), gate recurrent unit (GRU) and temporal convolutional network (TCN), which proves the effectiveness and generalization ability of MG-STGCN. The training time of MG-STGCN is reduced by 20.8 % compared with STGCN. In different prediction time step, the average prediction effect of MG-STGCN is better than that of other methods, and the performance improvement rate is not less than 8.6 %. MG-STGCN can well capture the parameter correlation, spatial and temporal dependence of data, and achieve effective prediction of pipeline energy consumption.

Dynamic changes and improvement paths of China's emergency logistics response capabilities under public emergencies-research based on the entropy weight TOPSIS method.

Due to global industrialization and urbanization, natural disasters, accidents, and public health emergencies happen frequently. These events cause significant loss of life and property damage to countries worldwide. In the context of frequent public emergencies, enhancing emergency logistics response capabilities is crucial, ensuring rapid supply of rescue materials and support for rescue personnel, thereby saving lives and reducing economic losses. In order to identify the changes and enhancement paths of the emergency logistics response capability of Chinese regions under the shocks of public emergencies, this paper innovatively constructs emergency logistics response capability measurement indicators. This paper uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method and panel quantile regression model to quantify the change and enhancement paths of China's regional emergency logistics response capability under different events. It is found that: (1) The gap in emergency logistics response capability among Chinese regions is widening, with the internal difference in the eastern region higher than that in the west, while the difference in the central region is relatively low. (2) China's emergency management department can effectively transform social logistics into emergency logistics, thereby promoting the improvement of emergency logistics response capabilities. (3) Sudden geological disasters break through the limits of social logistics resources when they cross lower scales, resulting in the failure of emergency logistics response capabilities. This paper expands research on assessing emergency logistics capabilities, addressing issues in existing assessments such as reliance on single indicators and subjective measurement methods. Additionally, it quantifies the dynamic changes in China's regional emergency logistics response capabilities under public emergencies by extending the study of event content, types, and impacts. This enhances discussions on the effects of public emergencies. Finally, from an empirical perspective, the paper explores pathways to enhance regional emergency logistics response capabilities in China. In practice, this paper assists countries worldwide in assessing whether different regions of China can effectively provide emergency support for various resources in direct investments, thus providing a scientific basis for investment decisions.

Speculative culture and corporate high-quality development in China: mediating effect of corporate innovation

This paper associates the speculative culture with the corporate total factor productivity (TFP), aiming to explore the influence of speculative culture on corporate high-quality development. The results reveal that the presence of a speculative atmosphere varies across different regions in China, leading to uneven development among companies located in these regions. Specifically, companies situated in regions with a weaker speculative culture demonstrate higher TFP. The finding suggests a causal relationship between speculative culture and corporate high-quality development by adopting an instrumental variable test using natural calamities. Moreover, the research indicates that speculative culture can impact corporate high-quality development by influencing their innovation activities. Additionally, the study identifies heterogeneous effects of speculative culture on companies of different sizes and levels of analyst attention. The implications of this research shed light on the influence of speculative culture on the real economy, providing insights into the informal institutional factors contributing to the corporate high-quality development in different geographical areas. These findings contribute to the promotion of economic high-quality development at the geographical level and inform related policy formulation.