Different Parts Of China Research Articles

Construction of Ecological Conservation and Assessment of lts Impact on Environment

In recent years, the restoration of Saihanba Forest Farm in China has achieved gratifying results. In this paper, the environmental situation of Saihanba forest farm before and after restoration was analyzed, and the ecological protection model was popularized, and constructive suggestions were put forward to strengthen the attention to environmental management and protection in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper compares and analyzes the environmental conditions before and after the restoration of the Saihanba Forestry Reserve through quantitative analysis methods to evaluate the impact of Saihanba on the ecological environment; quantitatively evaluates the impact of Saihanba on the resistance to dust storms in Beijing through the selection of evaluation indicators and data collection; collects relevant data from different parts of China to determine the location, number or scale of ecological reserves to be established in China and evaluates the impact of establishing these ecological reserves on China's carbon neutrality targets.

Online language education courses: a Chinese case from an ecological perspective

Abstract In this study, we examined the usefulness of and students’ perceptions of a one-to-one online oral EFL course. Based on van Lier’s learning theory of ecology, we studied the positive aspects that encouraged learning and the negative aspects that required improvement. A total of 18 young-adult English learners from different parts of China were invited to attend three one-to-one (teacher–learner) online lessons designed by the researchers. A quasi-experimental one-group design was used to examine the effectiveness of the online course. In addition, an online survey and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted to reveal the learners’ views and perspectives on the course. The results indicated that the participants made good progress in terms of complexity in oral skills and perceived the course to be highly useful, especially regarding opportunities to express personal views, timely scaffolding, and efficient feedback from the teacher. Based on the findings, a number of implications for improving the course are provided, in addition to suggestions for a better one-to-one online oral English course model.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the factors associating the willingness of Chinese community residents to receive COVID-19 vaccine.

Amid the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, China's vaccination campaign is progressing in an orderly manner. In the process of vaccination, the vaccination rates in different parts of China are different, and the factors affecting people's vaccination are also different, which may be caused by some reasons affecting people's willingness to vaccinate or complex sociodemographic characteristics factors. We found that inconsistent findings on factors associated with willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination in available studies. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of current factors influencing people's willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination to assess the associated factors influencing people's COVID-19 vaccination. The databases of CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched by computer to collect the relevant literature on the factors affecting the willingness of Chinese community residents to undergo COVID-19 vaccination. After extracting the data, RevMan 5.3 and R software were used for statistical analysis. Population included in the study were Chinese community residents; outcome indicators were associated factors of willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination; COVID-19, odds ratio (OR), confidence interval (CI). Study designs were Cross-sectional study. Egger's tests was used to check potential publication bias. The willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination of community residents who think COVID-19 vaccine is effective is 4.10 times that of community residents who think COVID-19 vaccine is ineffective (OR =4.10, 95% CI: 3.08-5.46), and community residents who think COVID-19 vaccine is safe are 1.82 times more willing to receive COVID-19 vaccine than those who think COVID-19 vaccine is unsafe (OR =1.82, 95% CI:1.42-2.33); the willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination of community residents who think COVID-19 infection risk is high was 1.53 times that of community residents who think COVID-19 infection risk is low (OR =1.53, 95% CI: 1.43-1.64); the willingness of male community residents to vaccinate COVID-19 is 1.48 times higher than that of female community residents (OR =1.48, 95% CI: 1.23-1.76). The finding means that vaccination strategies need to be formulated according to the gender of community residents, propaganda of vaccination information, and dissemination of epidemic information to achieve higher levels of COVID-19 vaccination.

The Effects of bride price on the Chinese marriage market

This paper will mainly focus on the marriage market of China and how bride price affects it through diverse methods like analyzing the amount of bride price in different parts of China, using the economics models including demand and supply curve and the indifference curves to figure out whether bride price will affect the marriage rate, and finally developing a theory to depict a females’ psychological and economics evaluation on whether a male is worth marrying. The author finds that if the bride price is too high, then it will negatively affect the marriage rate. The bride price will also affect some of the females’ decisions in choosing their lifestyles. However, for more educated women, the theory suggests that the bride price is no longer the most important factor in their marriage decision.

The mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Rhacophorus rhodopus

Classification of the genus Rhacophorus has been problematic. In particular there has been considerable controversy surrounding the phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorus rhodopus, R. bipunctatus, and R. reinwardtii. To examine the relationship among these Rhacophorus species, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R. rhodopus. The R. rhodopus genome is 15,789 bp in length with 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (losing ND5), two ribosomal genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). Base composition of the overall sequence was 60.86% for A + T content and 39.14% for C + G content. Most of the PCGs used ATG as a start codon, except for the COX I gene, which used the ATA start codon. COX I and ND6 used AGG and ATP8 stop codons respectively, while ND3 and ND4L used the TAA stop codon. For the remaining seven genes, the stop codons was incomplete. In addition, both 5' and 3' of the control areas had distinct repeating regions. Based on three datasets and two methods (Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)), we reconstructed three phylogenetic trees to explore the taxonomic status of the species and the phylogenetic relationship among R. rhodopus, R. bipunctatus and R. reinwardtii. Our results indicated that these three species are non-monophyletic; thus, the phylogenetic relationship among them is complex and difficult to determine. Further, R. rhodopus is divided into three lineages from different parts of China. The two Rhacophorus samples showed very close phylogenetic relationship with R. rhodopus. Our results add to the mitochondrial genome database of amphibians and will help to disentangle the phylogenetic relationships within the Rhacophoridae.

Perceived competence overrides gender bias: gender roles, affective trust and leader effectiveness

PurposeDespite abundant research on the negative effect of gender stereotypes on female leaders, it remains unclear whether leader competence perceived by the subordinates could overcome this backlash effect. Drawing on expectation states theory and expectancy violation theory, the authors investigate how the interaction among leaders' gender roles, leader sex and subordinates' perceived leader competence influences leader effectiveness through subordinates' affective trust.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through two-wave surveys among 489 participants from various sectors in different parts of China. SPSS and Hayes PROCESS were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsHigh competence perceived by the subordinates helps female leaders to overturn the negative effect of masculinity and strengthen the positive effect of femininity, whereas this positive moderation does not hold for male leaders.Originality/valueThis study addresses the ongoing debate about “female advantage” in leadership by showing that female leaders benefit from high perceived competence and are penalized by low perceived competence to a greater extent than male leaders in terms of leader effectiveness.

Reference values and the Z-score values of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in Chinese children.

To establish age-specific and body surface area (BSA)-specific reference values of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) for children under 15years old in China. A retrospective study was conducted in Children's Hospital Attached to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics. A total of 702 cases were included in this research to establish reference values of TAPSEin Chinese children. SPSS 25.0 (IBM) was used for data analysis. Lambda-mu-sigma method was used to calculate and construct the age-specific and BSA-specific percentiles and Z-score curves of TAPSE. The mean value of TAPSE increased with age and BSA from 0 to 15years in a nonlinear way and reached the adult threshold (17mm) until 1year old. There was no difference between genders. TAPSE values increased with age and BSA in Chinese children aged between 0 and 15years and there was no difference between boys and girls. A prospective, multicenter cohort study from different parts of China is supposed to be conducted in the future to reflect the whole spectrum of TAPSE in Chinese children.

Lessons from the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China: Perspectives on frontline nursing.

BackgroundThe emergence of COVID-19 has been an ordeal for nurses worldwide. It is crucial to understand their experiences at the frontline, attempt to allay their concerns, and help inform future pandemic response capabilities.AimsTo explore nurses’ lived experiences at the frontline in order to identify and address their concerns and help enhance future responses to infectious disease outbreaks.MethodsA qualitative study was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 registered nurses who came to Hubei from different parts of China to care for patients with COVID-19. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. ResultsSix major themes emerged: emotional turmoil due to personal and professional concerns, quality issues with personal protective equipment and associated physical discomfort, witnessing and managing patient distress, readiness of emergency response mechanisms in the health system, collective community awareness and preparedness, and heightened professional pride and confidence in future epidemic control.DiscussionNurses were placed in challenging and unfamiliar situations to deal with unexpected and unpredictable events which caused considerable psychological and physical distress. Support in the form of government edicts, hospital management policies, community generosity and collegiality was highly welcomed by the nurses. Policy makers and managers should ensure that nurses are provided with the support and resources necessary for dealing with large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. Priority should be given to risk assessment, infection prevention and control, and patient and staff health and safety.

CYP3a5 Genetic Polymorphism in Chinese Population With Renal Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis Review

Tacrolimus is a common immunosuppressive for transplantation. The enzyme encoded by the CYP3A5 gene can regulate the metabolism of tacrolimus, and the polymorphism of the CYP3A5 gene regulates the enzyme function. However, its characteristics in Chinese kidney transplant recipients remain unclear. A computer-based database retrieval included Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Disc, and WanFang databases between January 2010 and December 2020. Search terms included "CYP3A5," "polymorphism," and "renal transplantation." Literature included in this study had sample sizes >130. Genetic testing data of CYP3A5*1/*1, *1/*3, *3/*3 genes were analyzed using a statistical method of meta-analysis to explore the mutation rate of CYP3A5 in Chinese and foreign populations. The frequency of the A allele in the CYP3A5 gene was 23% in all transplant recipients from the 28 included studies. The frequency in Chinese renal transplant recipients was 29%, and it was 30% in renal transplant recipients from other Asian countries but significantly higher than that in Western renal transplant recipients (14%). In subgroup analysis, the frequencies of the A allele in renal transplant recipients in different parts of China were comparable. We found that there were significant differences in CYP3A5 gene polymorphism between Asians and Westerners. There was no significant difference in the frequency of the A allele in CYP3A5 gene among Chinese renal transplant recipients from different parts of China.

When East meets West: The prospects of Chinese urbanisation research

Despite being a global urban policy laboratory with a diversity of research topics and case studies being reported, we still do not have a holistic understanding of urbanisation across different parts of China. We therefore pose three pertinent questions for discussion in this commentary: whether Chinese urbanisation research has reached a plateau of development and what are the prime sites of research; how has the policy and research environment in China created its own distinctive, interacting traditions of practical activity and intellectual inquiry; and what are the prospects of having more original conceptual thinking and theorisation of urbanisation processes in China? Our analysis highlights the spatially variegated landscape of publications, which closely mirrors China’s urban administrative hierarchy. We explain the paradoxical culture of urban research encountered by Chinese early career researchers through their constant struggle in the knowledge transfusion process of Western theories and their use in Chinese urbanisation research. The dynamic relationship between theoretical and methodological development; the need for innovative comparative research; and better data infrastructure and data sharing practice are seen as the ways forward.

Factors that Affect Elementary English Education in China in the 21st Century

With the development of globalization in the 21st century, English has gradually become one of the main tools for communication between countries and people in the world. With the increasing use and importance of the language, English education is becoming more necessary and experiencing development in China. Since it is believed that younger children have a stronger ability to learn new languages, English instruction in primary schools, is essential for students to become fluent in this language. However, in the past decade, primary school English instruction has been facing some difficulties, including the imbalance of English education quality in different regions caused by economic development, the barrier of learning English pronunciation brought by dialects in different parts of China, and the negative impact of excessive after-school tutoring institutions on the quality of English teaching in schools. These challenges hinder the development of English education.

Recent advances of information literacy education for international students in Chinese academic libraries

The author of this paper investigates the recent advances of information literacy education for international students at academic libraries in China. The author carried out a questionnaire survey through the Questionnaire Star platform from April 2019 to July 2020 among 152 librarians from 117 university libraries in different parts of China, including 35 librarians from the universities which participate in the country's construction plan of world-class universities and world-class disciplines. Moreover, another questionnaire survey on library information literacy education for international students was conducted among 35 international students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Through analysis and discussion of the survey results, the research studies the overall status and existing problems of information literacy education for international students in Chinese academic libraries, and offers suggestions for the improvement of international students' information literacy education in the future.

Preliminary Estimation of Soil Carbon Sequestration of China's Forests during 1999–2008

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is an important resource for estimating the national carbon balance (These data were unpublished data, and we could only obtain the data before 2008 through data search by now). Based on the data from sample plots, the literature, and NFI, as well as the relationships between volume, biomass, annual litterfall and soil respiration of different forest types, the net ecosystem production (NEP), changes in forest biomass carbon storage (ΔCbiomass) and non-respiratory losses (NR) of China's forests during 1999–2008 were estimated, and the forest soil carbon sequestration (ΔCsoil) was assessed according to the carbon balance principle of the forest ecosystem (ΔCsoil = NEP – NR – ΔCbiomass). The results showed that the total NEP, ΔCbiomass, NR and ΔCsoil values for China's forests were 157.530, 48.704, 31.033 and 77.793 Tg C yr–1 respectively, and average NEP, ΔCbiomass, NR, and ΔCsoil values were 101.247, 31.303, 19.945 and 49.999 g C m–2 yr–1 respectively. There were large spatial differences in forest soil carbon sequestration in different parts of China. The forest soil in Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Guangxi and Liaoning served as carbon sources and the carbon released was about 25.507 Tg C yr–1. The other 22 provinces served as carbon sinks and the average carbon sequestration by forest soil came to 103.300 Tg C yr–1. This research established a method for evaluating soil carbon sequestration by China's forests based on the NFI, which is a useful supplement to current statistical data-based studies on the forest ecosystem carbon cycle, and can promote comparable studies on forest soil carbon sequestration with consistent research methods at the regional scale.

Spectrum-effect relationship between serum HPLC fingerprints and activation of blood circulation and removal of blood stasis by Chuanxiong


 
 
 
 Purpose: To study the active ingredients of Chuanxiong (CX) in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
 Methods: Blood-activating effects and serum HPLC fingerprints of CX extracts from different parts of China were studied and the spectrum-effect relationship between them was established by grey correlation analysis.
 Results: After treatment with CX extracted using different solvents, hemorheology indices were lower than those in the model group, and the effect of dichloromethane was better than that of other solvents (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). There were 6 common peaks by fingerprint analysis. Peaks 1 - 5 were identified as senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A, coniferyl ferulate and ligustilide, respectively.
 Conclusion: Analysis of the spectrum–effect relationship indicates the contribution of the five components to the blood-activating effect of CX. The findings lend some scientific justification for using CX to remove blood stasis, and selection of quality evaluation indices for CX.
 
 
 

Equality of Access? Chinese Women Practicing Chan and Transnational Meditation in Contemporary China

This paper examines how the Buddhist revival, the Chan revival, and recent popularity of transnational meditation practices have facilitated Chinese women practicing Buddhist meditation in contemporary China. With the influence of the opening of China and growing transnational networks, there has been an increasing number of Han Chinese monastics and lay people practicing transnational meditation, such as samādhi, vipassanā and mindfulness, in the past two decades. Despite the restriction of accessing Chan halls at monasteries, some Chinese nuns and laywomen have traveled to learn meditation in different parts of China, and international meditation centers in Southeast Asia to study with yogis from all over the world. Surprisingly some returned female travelers have taken significant roles in organizing meditation retreats, and establishing meditation centers and meditation halls. Through examining some ethnographic cases of Chinese nuns and laywomen, this paper argues that the transnational meditation movement has an impact not only on gender equality, especially concerning Chinese women practicing meditation, but also on the development of contemporary Chinese Buddhism. The significant role of Chinese female meditators in promoting Buddhist meditation can reflect a trend of re-positioning the Chan School in contemporary China.

An increase in early cancer detection rates at a single cancer center: Experiences from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

Cancer has become a major fatal disease in China. The relatively lower early detection rates for multiple cancer types have been one of the main reasons for a relatively lower cancer curative rate in China compared with the developed countries. To investigate trends in the early cancer detection rate over the past 5 years in a major city of China, 45,260 patients with newly diagnosed cancers of the nasopharynx, lung, thyroid, colorectum, liver, breast, uteral cervix, stomach, esophagus, blood, and kidney from 2016 to 2020 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were evaluated. The early detection rate (stage I disease) for all cancer types in combination significantly increased from 14.4 to 23.07%. Among the studied cancer types, a significant increase in stage I cancers was proportionally seen in cancers of the lung, thyroid, colorectum, and uterine cervix. While for cancers of the liver and stomach, a significant proportional increment was only observed when combining stage I and stage II diseases. No significant alteration in early cancer detection of the nasopharynx, breast, esophagus, blood, or kidney was observed. Three limitations of this present study include relatively small cohorts of cancer patients, relatively short observation periods, and limited sample representativeness. Further efforts are anticipated to validate our findings with larger patient cohorts from different parts of China and enhance early cancer detection rates by promoting public awareness, applying better health care policies, and improving insurance coverage and medical resources.

A Study of the Traditional Architectural Features of the Bai Dwellings in Dali

The dwelling architecture in different parts of China contains different regional characteristics, reflecting the local ethnic history and culture and the interaction between people and the regional and social environment. Dali is a Bai settlement, with many Bai villages. These villages have a long history and a deep cultural heritage, and have preserved a number of residential buildings with ethnic characteristics that have some artistic value. This study looks at the historical and cultural aspects of Dali, its natural environment and humanistic customs to understand the characteristics and uniqueness of the architectural art of Bai folk houses in Dali, and selects characteristic folk houses courtyards in Dali for study. The characteristics and problems of Bai folk architecture are analysed, and relevant research results and countermeasures are proposed to solve these problems.

The current state of the vitivinicultural sector in mainland China

China's vineyard surface area accounts for the second place in the world, its grape production the first place, and its wine consumption and imports the fifth place. The vitivinicultural sector is playing an increasingly important role in the world. At the same time, vitivinicultural sector has also played an important role in poverty reduction in rural areas of China.Based on the background of the world vitivinicultural sector, it is of great significance to analyze the characteristics of China's domestic vitivinicultural sector, especially the situation of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, to help China continue to reduce poverty in the countryside, optimize the industrial structure, and promote the integration of the three industries. At the same time, it also provides a reference for the consumption and trade of grape products between China and the world. This paper collected the authoritative statistical data of vitivinicultural sector in the world and China for the past two decades, including global national data and China’s provincial data, and analyzed the development trend of grape industries in China from the perspectives of vineyard surface area, grape production, grape use, wine production, consumption and trade in an international context. For the first time, China’s POI information of grape-related enterprises in Baidu online map was retrieved, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of domestic grape industries were analyzed by using ArcGIS software. It includes the comparative analysis of grape surface area and production in different provinces, the development analysis of grape-related primary, secondary and tertiary industries, the trend analysis of grape cultivation in different provinces, and the shift analysis of industrial spatial gravity center. The result not only shows the changes of grape producing areas in China, but also tries to explore the distribution and integration of the three industries at the provincial scale in different parts of China. The future development of grape industry in 31 provinces in mainland China was predicted.

Distinct effectiveness in containing COVID-19 epidemic: Comparative analysis of two cities in China by mathematical modeling.

For better preparing future epidemic/pandemic, important lessons can be learned from how different parts of China responded to the early COVID-19 epidemic. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the effectiveness and investigated the mechanistic insight of two highly representative cities of China in containing this epidemic by mathematical modeling. Epidemiological data of Wuhan and Wenzhou was collected from local health commission, media reports and scientific literature. We used a deterministic, compartmental SEIR model to simulate the epidemic. Specific control measures were integrated into the model, and the model was calibrated to the recorded number of hospitalized cases. In the epicenter Wuhan, the estimated number of unisolated or unidentified cases approached 5000 before the date of city closure. By implementing quarantine, a 40% reduction of within-population contact was achieved initially, and continuously increased up to 70%. The expansion of emergency units has finally reduced the mean duration from disease onset to hospital admission from 10 to 3.2 days. In contrast, Wenzhou is characterized as an emerging region with large number of primarily imported cases. Quick response effectively reduced the duration from onset to hospital admission from 20 to 6 days. This resulted in reduction of R values from initial 2.3 to 1.6, then to 1.1. A 40% reduction of contact through within-population quarantine further decreased R values until below 1 (0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.65). Quarantine contributes to 37% and reduction of duration from onset to hospital admission accounts for 63% to the effectiveness in Wenzhou. In Wuhan, these two strategies contribute to 54% and 46%, respectively. Thus, control measures combining reduction of duration from disease onset to hospital admission and within-population quarantine are effective for both epicenters and settings primarily with imported cases.

Cantonese migrant networks, white supremacy, and the political utility of apologies in Canada

ABSTRACT Using the specific example of the attempts of the municipal government of Vancouver in 2018 and the provincial government of British Columbia in 2014 to apologise for historical anti-Chinese legislation in Canada, this paper illustrates how Cantonese migrant networks shaped and were shaped by the politics of white supremacy in Pacific white-settler nations, and argues that historical narratives about historical anti-Chinese discrimination that erupt at these moments of apology and reconciliation aspire to shape future politics by producing historical frames for civil society that are broadly inclusive and based primarily neither on ethnic identification nor shared exclusion in the past but on aspirational narratives of more inclusive belonging in the future. They also provide at the same time a narrative of belonging for migrants who trace ancestry to very different parts of China and with divergent identities and migratory pathways to identify with each other’s histories and to belong to a ‘Chinese’ diasporic past and future marked by resistance to racism and white supremacy in Pacific settler colonies such as Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Included in this future are Chinese who were excluded in the past, allowing those who identify as Chinese a path for belonging.