Different Number Of Branches Research Articles

Experimental Estimation of Turbulent Flame Velocity in Gasoline Vapor Explosion in Multi-Branch Pipes

The overpressure characteristics of gasoline explosions in multi-branch pipes are caused by various factors, with flame velocity as a particularly significant determinant. Overlooking the impact of turbulent flow in the branch pipes can induce a significant discrepancy in the outcome when using laminar flame velocity to determine the maximum rate of overpressure rise. To quantify the impact of turbulent flame velocity on the rate of overpressure rise in the gasoline explosions within branch pipes, the laminar flame velocity was replaced with its turbulent counterpart. Additionally, modifications to the formula for calculating the maximum overpressure rise rate were implemented. Then, experimental data of peak explosion overpressure and overpressure rise rate under different numbers of branches were obtained. Finally, the empirical data were inputted into the modified formula to determine the maximum rate of overpressure rise, thus enabling the calculation of the turbulent flame velocity across varying numbers of branches. The findings reveal a positive correlation between the number of branches and the turbulent flame velocity during tube explosions. When the number of branch pipes increased from 0 to 4, the turbulent flame velocity was found to range from 8.29 to 13.39 m/s. The increase in the number of branches did not consistently enhance the turbulent flame velocity. As the number of branches increased from zero to three, the turbulent flame velocity rose accordingly. Differently, as the number of branches exceeds three, the turbulent flame velocity exhibits fluctuations and peaks at a level approximately 1.8 times higher. The research method of this paper can provide a reference for estimating the turbulent flame velocity in the combustion process of flammable gas explosions in multi-branch tunnels.

Turbulence influence factor estimation of gasoline-air explosion in multi-branch tubes

To estimate the turbulence influence of the branch tubes on the rising rate of gasoline-air mixture explosion overpressure, turbulence factor α was introduced to modify the formula of the peak rise rate of explosion overpressure. Then, the experimental data of peak explosion overpressure and overpressure rise rate under the different numbers of branches were obtained. Finally, the experimental data and laminar flame velocity were put into the overpressure rise rate correction formula, and the turbulence influence factors under different branches were calculated. The results show that increasing the number of branches will improve the turbulence degree of the explosion process. When the number of branching pipes is 1, the turbulence impact factor is about 2.0 times that in the case of no branch tube, while when the number of branch tubes is more than 1, the turbulence impact factor fluctuates about 3.5 times.

Adensamento com número diferente de ramos para aumentar a produção de figos verdes

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of decreased spacing between 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig (Ficus carica) trees with different numbers of fruiting branches on green fig production. Fig trees, with two or four fruiting branches, were distributed in four blocks, at a standard spacing of 2.5 m between rows, three spacing between plants in a row (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m), and densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 plants per hectare. The experiment was conducted during two cycles (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Green fruits were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant and the estimated yield were calculated for each evaluation cycle. Decreasing the spacing between fig trees increases their yield. The spacing of 0.50 m decreases production per plant, but increases yield in 73%. There is no difference in the production of green figs between trees with two or four fruiting branches.

Long and Covalently Conjugated Branched DNA Structures for in Situ Gelation in Vivo

Long and Covalently Conjugated Branched DNA Structures for in Situ Gelation in Vivo

Star Polymers vs. Dendrimers: Studies of the Synthesis Based on Computer Simulations.

A generic model was developed for studies of the polymerization process of regular branched macromolecules. Monte Carlo simulations were performed employing the Dynamic Lattice Liquid algorithm to study this process. A core-first methodology was used in a living polymerization of stars with up to 32 arms, and dendrimers consisted of 4-functional segments. The kinetics of the synthesis process for stars with different numbers of branches and dendrimers was compared. The size and structure of star-branched polymers and dendrimers during the synthesis were studied. The influence of the functionality of well-defined cores on the structure and on the dispersity of the system was also examined. The differences in the kinetics in the formation of both architectures, as well as changes to their structures, were described and discussed.

An Improved AP Clustering Algorithm Based Critical Nodes Identification for Distribution Network With High PV Penetration

The power flow of the distributed network (DN) with high penetration of distributed PV changes significantly, such as bidirectional power flow and larger deviation of volage magnitude, under the variation of PV power output, and the number and the position of critical nodes would change accordingly. Hence, a data-driven nodes clustering and critical node identification method is proposed in this paper. Since the relationship between different nodes are nonlinear, the autoencoder method is firstly applied to obtain the unified features of the nodes connected with different number of branches. Using the unified features, the Frechet distance is calculated to demonstrate the similarity between any two nodes. The improved affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm is also proposed to classify the nodes into different clusters, and the number the clusters and the critical nodes in different clusters could be obtained automatically. The electrical distance is considered in the improved AP clustering algorithm, so that nodes in different branches with similar features are avoided to be classified into one cluster. The simulations are carried out on the IEEE 123-bus system and an actual DN system, the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed critical node identification method are verified.

Analysis of Reasons for Reduced Strength of Multiply Conveyor Belt Splices

Belt conveyors are used for the transportation of bulk materials in a number of different branches of industry, especially in mining and power industries or in shipping ports. The main component of a belt conveyor is its belt, which serves both as a support for the transported material along the conveyor route and as an element in the drive transmission system. Being crucial to the effective and reliable operation of the conveyor, the belt is also its most expensive and the least durable element. A conveyor belt comprises a core, covers and edges. A multiply textile belt, in which the core is constructed of synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester or aramid, is the oldest and still the most commonly used conveyor belt type. The plies are joined with a thin layer of rubber or another material (usually the material is the same as the material used in the covers), which provides the required delamination strength to the belt and allows the plies to move relative to each other as the belt is bent. Belts are installed on the conveyors in a closed loop in order to join belt sections, whose number and length depend on the length and type of the belt conveyor. Belts are joined with each other in a splicing procedure. The cutting of the belt core causes belt splices to be prone to concentrated stresses. The discontinued core also causes the belt to be the weakest element in a conveyor belt loop. The article presents the results of strength parameter tests that were performed on laboratory and industrial splices and indicated the reasons for the reduced strength of conveyor belt splices. Splice strength is reduced mainly due to incorrect preparation of the spliced surfaces and to different mechanical parameters of the spliced belts.

Agronomic performance of fig plants grown with different numbers of branches

Fig production and quality are associated with the number of branches per plant and may vary among regions according to the climatic conditions and crop management. In this work, we studied the influence of the number of branches per plant on the production and fruit quality of 'Roxo de Valinhos' figs under semiarid conditions. The experiment was carried out at the didactic orchard of Federal Rural University of Semiarid (UFERSA), Mossoró city, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Fig plants were grown with 6, 12, 18, or 30 branches in a completely randomized block design with four replicates and four plants per plot. Plants without thinning were also cultivated as controls. The number of fruits per plant, productivity, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight were evaluated. Additionally, fruit firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SS), maturation index (SSC/TA), and vitamin C content were analyzed. The results showed that plants cultivated with 12, 18, and 24 branches produced fruits with higher weight, more fruits per branch, and more fruits per plant and thus were more productive. Additionally, fruits showed a high vitamin C content and maturation index

On the BEP analysis of M-QAM and R-QAM under cascaded double η-μ, κ-μ or α-μ fading channels

This article presents new expressions for the bit error probability (BEP) of the M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) and rectangular QAM (R-QAM) scheme in a frequency non-selective channel model with cascaded double fading, characterized in the links by the distributions η-μ, κ-μ or α-μ. In this paper, the probability density function (PDF) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the double link is written in terms of an integral of the product of the PDF of the envelope of the first link by the PDF of the SNR of the second link. With this procedure, expressions for the BEP of the M-QAM and R-QAM scheme, with and without a maximum ratio combiner (MRC) associated, are obtained by means of the general expressions of Cho and Yoon, calculated with the help of the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. The new expressions are written in terms of the integral of the moment generating function (MGF) of the instantaneous SNR from the second link, which are simpler than using expressions involving infinite series in terms of special functions like hypergeometric functions and the Meijer G-function. In addition, insights regarding the expressions obtained and comments about their complexity are provided. Several curves for the BEP are presented, for different parameters that characterize the channel and different numbers of branches of the MRC. All analytical expressions obtained in this paper are corroborated by computer simulations performed with the Monte Carlo method.

Molecular origin of the foam structure in model linear and comb polystyrenes: I. Cell density

The effect of the molecular architecture of anionically synthesized linear and comb atactic polystyrenes (PS), as well as lab-scale emulsion polymerized PS and commercial PS on the cell density of foam (number of cells per unit volume of neat polymer) was investigated using CO2 as foaming agent in a batch foaming setup. The effects of molecular weight, Mw, dispersity (Ð), low molecular weight components, i.e. oligomers and residual surfactant, and the number of long chain branches per molecule, Nbr, in a series of comb-PS with the same entangled backbone, Mw,bb ≈ 290 kg/mol, Zbb ≈ 20 entanglements, and similar branches, Mw,br ≈ 44 kg/mol, Zbr ≈ 3 entanglements, but different numbers of branches, 3 ≤ Nbr ≤ 190, on the cell density were investigated. Specimens for foaming have been prepared with three different methods, which resulted in non-purified, treated, and purified samples. Well-purified samples produced foams with cell density above 109 cell/cm3, while foams out of the non-purified PS had one to three orders of magnitude lower cell density. However, artificial addition of 6 wt% oligomer PS or 3 wt% surfactant to the purified samples did not reduce the cell density significantly. Treated samples prepared by only dissolving the PS in a solvent followed by removing the solvent, produced a foam with slightly lower cell density, ~5 × 108 cell/cm3, than the purified PS. Lower cell density in non-purified PS was supposed to be related to the formation of a continuous ionic thin film layer (e.g. surfactant) rather than only the presence of low molecular weight components as impurity in the polymer. In the absence of such low molecular weight components, other molecular parameters, i.e. Mw, Ð, and Nbr in these series of comb-PS had surprisingly no distinct effect on the cell density.

Molecular origin of the foam structure in model linear and comb polystyrenes: II. Volume expansion ratio

The effect of the molecular architecture of a series of anionically synthesized linear and comb atactic polystyrenes (PS) on their foam properties including cell size, cell density, and volume expansion ratio (V.E.R.) was investigated. The comb-PS had the same molecular weight of the backbone, Mw,bb ≈ 290 kg/mol, Zbb ≈ 20 entanglements, and branches, Mw,br ≈ 44 kg/mol, Zbr ≈ 3 entanglements, but different numbers of branches, 3 ≤ Nbr ≤ 190. Batch foaming of well-purified linear and comb-PS using CO2 resulted in cell densities about 109 and 4 × 109 cell/cm3, respectively, which shows that LCB has no distinct effect on the cell density, whereas a small amount of residual impurity in linear PS reduced the cell density to ~108 cell/cm3. For a comb-PS series with the same entangled backbone, Mw,bb ≈ 290 kg/mol, Zbb ≈ 20 entanglements, and similar branches, Mw,br ≈ 44 kg/mol, Zbr ≈ 3 entanglements, but different numbers of branches, 3 ≤ Nbr ≤ 190, an increase in the Nbr to 120 with densely grafted comb conformation gradually increased the highest achievable V.E.R. close to a theoretical limit given by the CO2 solubility. The further increase of Nbr to 190 with a bottlebrush conformation reduced the V.E.R. of the foam. From a rheological point of view, this optimum Nbr was related to a comb-PS which showed the maximum strain hardening factor (SHF ≈ 200) in uniaxial extension, and simultaneously the minimum in the zero shear viscosity, η0. The optimum Nbr = 120 for this comb-PS series corresponds to an average spacing distance between two neighbor branch points of about Zs ≈ 0.2 entanglements.

The Shape Space of 3D Botanical Tree Models

We propose an algorithm for generating novel 3D tree model variations from existing ones via geometric and structural blending. Our approach is to treat botanical trees as elements of a tree-shape space equipped with a proper metric that quantifies geometric and structural deformations. Geodesics, or shortest paths under the metric, between two points in the tree-shape space correspond to optimal deformations that align one tree onto another, including the possibility of expanding, adding, or removing branches and parts. Central to our approach is a mechanism for computing correspondences between trees that have different structures and a different number of branches. The ability to compute geodesics and their lengths enables us to compute continuous blending between botanical trees, which, in turn, facilitates statistical analysis, such as the computation of averages of tree structures. We show a variety of 3D tree models generated with our approach from 3D trees exhibiting complex geometric and structural differences. We also demonstrate the application of the framework in reflection symmetry analysis and symmetrization of botanical trees.

Variations in the Number of Different Branches of Basilar Artery in Relation to Different Age Group

Context: Basilar artery is one of the main arteries that supplies the posterior portion of brain. Anatomy of basilar artery and its branches are very complex and variable. So, detailed morphological knowledge on basilar artery is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment of related neurological disorders. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2010 to December 2010. 70 postmortem basilar arteries with its branches were collected from unclaimed dead bodies and variations in the number of different branches of basilar artery in relation to different age group were observed. Results: The mean ± SD of number of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) was found 1.94 ± 0.24 in group A, 1.95 ± 0.31 in group B & 2.00 ± 0.00 in group C. The mean ± SD number of labyrinthine artery (LA) was found 1.67 ± 0.59 in group A, 1.74 ± 0.54 in group B & 1.90 ± 0.32 in group C. The mean ± SD number of pontine artery (PA) was found 5.11 ± 1.08 in group A, 5.21 ± 1.14 in group B & 4.80 ± 1.23 in group C. The mean ± SD number of superior cerebellar artery (SCA) was 2.00±0.00 in group A, 2.10 ± 0.30 in group B, & 2.10 ± 0.32 in group C. The mean ± SD number of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was 2.00 ± 0.00 in group A, 2.00 ± 0.00 in group B & 2.00 ± 0.00 in group C. Conclusion: Statistically non-significant variation was found in the number of different branches of basilar artery in relation to different age group. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2018, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 9-12

Tuning beam power-splitting characteristics through modulating a photonic crystal slab’s output surface

Light-beam-splitting characteristics are theoretically and experimentally studied in 2D square-lattice photonic crystals (PhCs) with delicately designed and modulated output surfaces. Compared with the traditional branch-waveguide and self-collimation-type PhC splitters, our proposed structure can not only split the input light beam into different numbers of branches but also realize the adjustment of their relative light intensities in each branch. Moreover, the influence of a light beam’s incident angle on both the output branch beams’ relative intensity and propagation direction is investigated. This proposed light beam splitter is able to work within a broad frequency range, and the propagation directions of the output split beams can be modified with the incident beam’s frequency. In addition, when the PhC device becomes thicker, a kind of light-beam-focusing phenomenon is observed. Advantageously, our light-beam-splitting device has no restriction as to the incident light beam’s location and width, so it is much more convenient and practical for achieving optical connection with other functional devices in complicated, large-scale, all-optical integrated circuits.

General method of structural synthesis of parallel mechanisms

This paper presents a method of the structural synthesis of spatial or planar parallel mechanisms. The method exploits the combined strengths of the Baranov method and the intermediate chain method. It makes possible to create complete sets of parallel mechanism solutions. Relations for the number and structure of branches are provided. The successive steps in the procedure for generating a structural form of a closed branch, the opening of the branch, the way of constructing a parallel mechanism from branches with negative and zero degree of freedom (DoF) and the connection of the drives separated from the branches are described.The proposed method of structural synthesis was applied to generate a complete set of branch solutions, written using numerals representing the number of links in a branch and the number of kinematic pairs of proper class, and to demonstrate the possibilities of creating mechanisms with a different number of branches. The end result was a complete set of possible spatial parallel mechanism solutions for the required mobility.

Significance of anatomical variations of the lateral circumflex femoral artery for the tensor fasciae latae flapping.

The tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscle is commonly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery as a transpositional or a free flap, in order to repair different kinds of defects. In most cases its vascularisation is provided by an ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), which gives different numbers of branches and enters the TFL muscle in different manners. The represented study deals with the arterial vascularisation of the TFL muscle: the entrance of the vascular stalk branches; variations of the LCFA bifurcation's angle; and the skin area of vascularisation. The study was performed on both lower limbs of a 100 foetal and 10 adult cadavers. The LCFA was injected with micropaque solution, afterwards fixed and preserved in 10% formalin solution. Microdissection was performed under magnifying glass and surgical microscope. Analysis of adult cadavers was performed to determine the skin area vascularised by perforating blood vessels from the TFL muscle, by injecting methylene-blue dye into the artery, prior to which all branches of the LCFA, besides the ascending branch, were ligated. The research of a 100 foetal cadavers showed that the LCFA with its ascending branch ensured the blood supply to the muscle. In 85% it gave two branches, the ascending and the descending one, with the angle of bifurcation circa 90o in 73% of cases. The ascending branch can give 0 or more terminal branches, or even form an arterial net. Skin area affected with dye ranged from 18 × 22 cm to 23 × 28 cm and is in positive correlation with the LCFA length and diameter. The understanding of the presented variations have an exceptional significance in planning and applying the TFL flap, especially free flap, in successful repairing and covering the defects, as well as in preventing postoperative complications.

Evaluation of sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass

Abstract Background Depending on tree and site characteristics crown biomass accounts for a significant portion of the total aboveground biomass in the tree. Crown biomass estimation is useful for different purposes including evaluating the economic feasibility of crown utilization for energy production or forest products, fuel load assessments and fire management strategies, and wildfire modeling. However, crown biomass is difficult to predict because of the variability within and among species and sites. Thus the allometric equations used for predicting crown biomass should be based on data collected with precise and unbiased sampling strategies. In this study, we evaluate the performance different sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass and to evaluate the effect of sample size in estimating crown biomass. Methods Using data collected from 20 destructively sampled trees, we evaluated 11 different sampling strategies using six evaluation statistics: bias, relative bias, root mean square error (RMSE), relative RMSE, amount of biomass sampled, and relative biomass sampled. We also evaluated the performance of the selected sampling strategies when different numbers of branches (3, 6, 9, and 12) are selected from each tree. Tree specific log linear model with branch diameter and branch length as covariates was used to obtain individual branch biomass. Results Compared to all other methods stratified sampling with probability proportional to size estimation technique produced better results when three or six branches per tree were sampled. However, the systematic sampling with ratio estimation technique was the best when at least nine branches per tree were sampled. Under the stratified sampling strategy, selecting unequal number of branches per stratum produced approximately similar results to simple random sampling, but it further decreased RMSE when information on branch diameter is used in the design and estimation phases. Conclusions Use of auxiliary information in design or estimation phase reduces the RMSE produced by a sampling strategy. However, this is attained by having to sample larger amount of biomass. Based on our finding we would recommend sampling nine branches per tree to be reasonably efficient and limit the amount of fieldwork.

Predictor Relationships between Values Held by Married Individuals, Resilience and Conflict Resolution Styles: A Model Suggestion

Values have become as of late one of the more popular topics of interest in the social sciences. The concept of values has been discussed by a number of different branches within the social sciences, and a wide range of research has been conducted on this topic. It is observed that a variety of interpretations defining what constitutes values as a concept have been made by researchers in the literature. Although the structure of values and their relationships with other variables have been studied, it is difficult to clearly state what values include. Since the concept of values is an area studied by different disciplines, arriving at a single, shared definition remains difficult (Dilmac, 2007). Budak (2000) defines the values as common opinions and as standards about what is good, bad, wrong, right, desirable, or undesirable in a certain population. According to another similar definition, values are beliefs about what judgments are wrong, right, desirable, and undesirable according to an individual (Dilmac, Deniz, & Deniz, 2009). According to Akbac (2008), values indicate what is important, what should be preferred, and how an individual is to live. Values appear as a criterion in an individuals thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors and creates an indissoluble part of social integrity (Dilmac, Bozgeyikli, & Cikili, 2008). Dogan (2000) suggests that values are either a life style or an action accepted by an individual or a society. Dilmac (2007) defined values as body of beliefs that include features and basic characteristics specific to humans differentiating them from other living creatures. According to another definition, value is sensitiveness of the individuals produced against another person, creature, event, case etc. (Yaman & Peker, 2012). Values are related to humans' emotions, thoughts, and behaviors and have an essential importance in explaining human behaviors (Dilmac, 2007). Values play an important role in the preference of one behavior pattern over another. Another perspective suggests that values not only constitute the source of one's behaviors, but also determine the criterion for a certain behavior over another. (Dilmac et al., 2009).Since it is both safer and more effective to ascertain attitudes from one's values instead of the other way around, examining values is generally more functional than examining attitudes and behavior. Therefore, moving from observable and measurable values, attitudes may be discussed easily; even if value preference of the individual is determined, attitudes and behaviors may be predicted. We may, during this process, say that our values affect our lives and that values should be investigated in order to understand individuals' attitudes and behaviors (Yapici & Zengin, 2003).An increase in the number of studies conducted on the concept of values has occurred lately. Values have been explained by investigating many variables. Benzies and Mychasiuk (2009) mentioned in their study that values are associated with individual resilience and familial resilience. The results obtained from Bhana and Bachoo's research (2011) are consistent with this finding. In spite of these studies, no research has been performed on married individuals regarding values and the resilience of married individuals. Studies on resilience have been observed to be performed on children and adolescents in general, and a number of recent studies on adults' resilience has been associated with the resilience of families with disabled children (Bayrakli, 2010; Kaner, Bayrakli, & Guzeller, 2011; Ozbay & Aydogan, 2013). Resilience is the ability to overcome problems, it is not a natural characteristic, and it maybe improved over time. Accordingly, to explain the association between values of married individuals and resilience is important.Initial studies of resilience are based on the longitudinal studies of Werner and Smith (1992) focusing on children who faced problems or risks in Kauia and who successfully overcame it. …

Antibacterial activity of synthetic peptides derived from lactoferricin against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.

Peptides derived from human and bovine lactoferricin were designed, synthesized, purified, and characterized using RP-HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS. Specific changes in the sequences were designed as (i) the incorporation of unnatural amino acids in the sequence, the (ii) reduction or (iii) elongation of the peptide chain length, and (iv) synthesis of molecules with different number of branches containing the same sequence. For each peptide, the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was evaluated. Our results showed that Peptides I.2 (RWQWRWQWR) and I.4 ((RRWQWR)4K2 Ahx 2C2) exhibit bigger or similar activity against E. coli (MIC 4–33 μM) and E. faecalis (MIC 10–33 μM) when they were compared with lactoferricin protein (LF) and some of its derivate peptides as II.1 (FKCRRWQWRMKKLGA) and IV.1 (FKCRRWQWRMKKLGAPSITCVRRAE). It should be pointed out that Peptides I.2 and I.4, containing the RWQWR motif, are short and easy to synthesize; our results demonstrate that it is possible to design and obtain synthetic peptides that exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity using a methodology that is fast and low-cost and that allows obtaining products with a high degree of purity and high yield.

Morfometria do encéfalo e formação do circuito arterial em equinos mestiços

O objetivo desta investigação foi caracterizar a morfometria do encéfalo e a formação do circuito arterial em equinos adultos mestiços de ambos os sexos. A fixação foi feita através de cânula plástica introduzida na artéria carótida comum com solução de formaldeído a 10%. Em seguida, foram feitas repleções vasculares com solução aquosa de Petrolátex S65 corado com pigmento Suvinil vermelho. Procedeu-se a craniotomia, remoção e morfometria dos encéfalos e dissecção para a observação das ramificações principais da artéria basilar e formação do circuito arterial. A média mais erro padrão da média do comprimento da artéria basilar foi de3,629 cm ± 0,1550 nos machos e 4,423 cm ± 0,1990 nas fêmeas (p=0,0037). Em todos os equinos dissecados, a artéria basilar originou-se da convergência das artérias vertebrais, emitindo a artéria cerebelar caudal, ramos variados para bulbo e ponte, ramos terminais e artérias cerebelares rostrais. As artérias da base do encéfalo estiveram na dependência dos sistemas carótico e vértebrobasilar. O circuito arterial do cérebro apresentou-se fechado rostral e caudalmente em 100% dos animais dissecados.