Different Modes Of Transport Research Articles

Green Fuelling for the Electric Vehicles – A Simple and Cost Effective Model

The automobile industry in India has taken a major role in the growth of the Indian economy. In India, we find different modes of transportation either in the form of public transportation or in the form of private transportation. It has come to the conclusion that without the transportation service nothing can be done and if for some reason the transportation service is stopped then the life of Indians is unimaginable as well as the impact of the above problem is going to hit the entire nation. The major challenge in the automotive industry is the fuel that our country needs to import from others. The resource of the fuel is getting emptied day by day. Now it has come to a situation where we have to go for such an automobile industry which uses the alternative fuelling system. Today a lot of research work is going on electric vehicles and the Indian system is planning to switch over to the electric vehicles. This paper introduces a new model for charging an electric two wheelers using solar energy. The paper contains the different types of two wheelers and their charging system is studied. After studying the charging system of the two wheelers the common charging system for all those types is proposed. This solar charger is considered as a solar fuelling center where the two-wheeler gets the shelter during the sunny day as well as the battery system can be charged during the parking time.

Passenger rights: the latest civilization approaches and security

The article is devoted to topical issues of securing the rights of the passenger under the legislation of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the transport legislation of Ukraine with that of the EU has led to the conclusion that not all passenger rights, which they rely on in the present civilizational context, are now legally enshrined. The extent of their provision is currently minimal. Oddly enough, the right to safety did not find its normative regulation either in the acts of transport and civil legislation, or in the Constitution of Ukraine. In the author's view, it must be at the forefront of such fundamental natural human rights as are relevant to human life and health. It should be the main criterion for the proper performance of the contract of carriage of passengers by the carrier. The author insists that the legislation of Ukraine should enshrine the rights of the passenger, which constitute not only the content of the design of the obligation to carry the passenger, but also personal non-property rights, the exercise of which is correlated with the manner of performance of the contract of carriage of the passenger, depending on the technical features of the operation of different modes of transport. as is the case under EU law. These include the right to security, to non-discrimination, to mobility, to accessibility, to assistance, to guarantees of protection, to compensation in case of violation, to the availability of protection, to the right to be heard, to the proper application of national law. These rights should receive regulatory support that formalizes a harmonious combination of legal, organizational, ideological, economic and social components. The legal regulation of certain legal guarantees, in particular the peculiarities of exercising the right of defense and the use of instruments of civil liability of the carrier for improper performance of contractual obligations and / or violation of the rights of passengers (penalties - compensation) can be applied differently by types of transport. But they have to be. Otherwise, it is possible to state the declaration of the passenger's rights

Socio-demographic patterns of public, private and active travel in Latin America: Cross-sectional findings from the ELANS study

BackgroundActive travel such as walking or cycling has been associated with more favorable health outcomes. However, evidence on patterns of transportation in Latin America is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and characterise socio-demographic patterns of public, private and active travel in Latin American countries. MethodsData from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in eight Latin American countries including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (n = 9218; age range: 15–65 years). Transportation modes include public (bus, taxi, subway and train), private (car and motorcycle) and active (walking and/or cycling). Outcomes for this study include time spent in different modes of transportation. We performed overall and country-specific descriptive analyses to examine differences by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. ResultsFor the overall cohort, public transport represent 34.9% of the total travel time, whereas private, walking and cycling represent 48.2%, 10.6% and 6.3% of the total travel time. Time spent using public travel was highest in Venezuela (48.4%); Peru had the highest proportions of private travel (52.5%); Time spent walking and cycling was highest in Costa Rica (14.8% and 12.2%, respectively). The average travel time spent in public and private transport were 299.5 min/week (95% CI: 292.4307.0) and 379.6 min/week (95% CI: 368.0, 391.5) respectively; figures for walking and cycling were 186.9 min/week (95% CI: 181.8, 191.9) and 201.1 min/week (95% CI: 187.8, 216.9). ConclusionsPublic and private transport were the most common forms of travel in Latin America. Active travel (walking or cycling) represent 17% of total physical activity, therefore, promoting and providing the right infrastructure for active commuting could translate in increasing the population overall levels of physical activity in Latin America.

The effects of susceptibility, eco-friendliness and dependence on the Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for a door-to-door DRT system

Using online survey data conducted during a pilot phase of the “EcoBus” project, one of the largest true door-to-door demand responsive transport (DRT) field experiments in rural areas, this paper investigates the willingness to pay for different modes of transport. It is assumed that the willingness to pay is affected by parameters favourable for the susceptibility of DRT services and variables concerning eco-friendliness. To test the assumptions eleven hypothesis are derived. The results imply that a high dependence on EcoBus and ecological motivations lead to a higher willingness to pay for DRT services. There is also evidence that an ecological mindset leads to a lower willingness to pay for motorised transport as a whole. Contrary to expectations, car ownership does not reduce willingness to pay for DRT services.

A framework for evaluating the dynamic impacts of the Brazilian Urban Mobility Policy for transportation socioeconomic systems: A case study in Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT Transportation planning is necessary to meet the demand of a given region considering the dimensions of urban space and the complexity of the activities developed on it. In addition to planning, the government intervention through policies to provide an adequate flow of people and goods to meet population demand is also important. In Brazil, the Brazilian Urban Mobility Policy (BUMP) aims to integrate different modes of transportation and improve accessibility and urban mobility. Thus, this study presents a decision support model, using System Dynamics as a modeling and simulation tool, to evaluate the impacts of BUMP implementation, focusing on environmental, economic and traffic variables. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed model, a case study was carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The results indicate the importance of BUMP implementation to reduce negative externalities and, consequently, to increase the efficiency of the urban transport system.

Neogenní a kvartérní sedimenty v oblasti Nového Hrádku (západní část NP Podyjí)

Neogene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep were newly recognized in the sedimentary succession within the outcrop close to Nový Hradek site in the area of the Podyjí National Park covered by extensive Quaternary deposits. These deposits are preserved as erosional relics within a bowl shaped depression on the top of the crystalline basement. Facies analysis shows that the recognised Neogene beds represent fluvial deposits. Two facies associations were identified within the Quaternary deposits. Although both of them are interpreted as colluvial deposits, they were formed by a series of gravity flows with highly varied water content. The provenance analysis (pebble petrography, association of heavy minerals, zircon study) confirmed, that the source area of both Neogene and Quaternary deposits was located in the adjacent geological units with strong dominance of Moravian Unit. Relatively high mineral maturity of the studied deposits points to extended blanket of intensely weathered crystalline basement, which underwent erosion and redeposition. Higher content of quartz clasts within the Neogene deposits reveals different mode of transport and possible redeposition from older sediments. Studied Neogene deposits are preliminary related to quartzose gravel and sands known from the close surrounding of the nearby Lukov village. Comparison of Neogene and Quaternary deposits in the surroundings of Nový Hrádek and occurrences of similar sediments within the National Park in Austria (e.g. surroundings of Merkersdorf) might provide a further data about the poorly known history of the area during Neogene.

Seasonal patterns of traumatic brain injury deaths due to traffic-related incidents in the Slovak Republic

Objective: Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) are an important type of injury in terms of both morbidity and mortality. Road Traffic Incidents are one of the most frequent causes of TBI. This analysis seeks to quantify the number of such injuries occurring in the Slovak Republic, and examine patterns of TBI according to mode of transport and seasonality.Methods: Data concerning total numbers of TBIs occurring from the years 1996–2015 were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. The events caused by road incidents were examined separately according the external cause stated on death certification. Events were classified into seasons according to the month of death. Summary statistics were produced concerning numbers of deaths according to sex, mode of transport and season. Analyses were performed to examine trends in TBI by season and type of road user.Results: During a period of 20 years from 1996, there were 17,047 recorded deaths involving TBI in the Slovak Republic. Of these, 5,370 were caused by road traffic incidents (RTIs). Age standardized rates tended to decrease from 8.3/100,000/year (1996) to 2.5/100,000/year (2015). Males made up approximately 79% of road traffic-caused TBIs. Summer and autumn showed significantly more events than any other season, with motorcyclists and cyclists in particular being more frequently injured at this time of year.Conclusions: The results show that Slovakia, like many countries, suffers a considerable burden of TBI and that RTIs are a major contributor to this, especially among young adults. Rates of TBI vary by season in Slovakia, and users of different modes of transport appear more or less likely to suffer such injury during different seasons. Considerable variability in rates of injury exists between road users and times of year. Improved understanding of the timing and sufferers of injuries may allow better planning of response and care services. Further research into transport modes and policies aimed at safer driving should be explored.

Influence of deviant behavior of transportation process participants on quality of transport service

The quality of service takes on great importance in modern conditions of competition in the market of transport services. It involves meeting the needs and expectations of the consumers. The problem of competitiveness management, including in the sphere of transport market services, requires a comprehensive study and significant scientific evidence. The study of competition development, increasing level of competitiveness has been conducted for many decades and is especially relevant in the modern economy. The article reviewed the Russian transport system and analyzes the quality of services provided road, railway, water and air transport. The technical reasons of service rendering quality deterioration in the sphere of transport are considered, subjective factors which have significant influence on qualitative indicators of transport service are established. It was established that such subjective factors can be called deviant behavior of participants in the transportation process. Also, these factors have a negative impact on the safety of transportation, an environmental situation, the consumer demand for transport service and the operational reliability of the transport system as a whole. Then, the ways of committing crimes on different modes of transport are highlighted and possible involved persons from among the participants of the transportation process are identified. Conclusions and proposals to reduce the number of crimes in the field of transport services are made.

A Blockchain Infrastructure for Transportation in Low Income Country Cities, and Beyond

For our cities of tomorrow, it is essential that transport is organised in an efficient, resilient and equitable way; enabling economic growth, social cohesion and minimising environmental impact, including Climate Change. In cities across the world, new flexible, sharing economy services are blurring the lines between private and public transportation. However, these new transport modes are creating a “digital divide” and lack the integration and co-ordination between other services. This is needed to create seamless and sustainable travel options for people, including those belonging to vulnerable groups. This exploratory paper examines the potential for Blockchain to play a pivotal role in addressing increasing congestion and pollution in growing cities of developing countries. It draws on preliminary research into the role of Automatic Fare Collection systems and related mobility market dynamics and trends in the cities of Cape Town, South Africa and Dehli, India. A case is made for a global and universal blockchain infrastructure, for the sharing of data on movement and assets, designed with low income economies and vulnerable groups in mind. It would enable: • users access to different modes of transport in an equitable and hassle-free way, • assurance to transport operators on surety of payment, • cities with integrated solutions for tackling congestion and targeting subsidies. In wealthier countries Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is a new business model that integrates public and private services together. Its level of adoption could be limited without a supporting blockchain infrastructure. By creating viable new digital infrastructure for Low Income Country Cities (LICCs), who have less incumbent legacy systems, there is potential to establish a decentralised blockchain network across these territories. There would also be scope for this network to be scaled further into wealthier countries, through a secondary wave of adoption by Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS).

Mobility dynamics of the elderly: Review of literatures

Mobility is key to maintaining independence, especially as people age. Sustainable development goals focused on providing access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transportation for all by reducing number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. Providing transportation facilities for the elderly is an important part of sustainable transportation. This review assessed the mobility dynamics of the elderly with the aim of proffering sustainable solutions to the effective mobility of this unique set of individuals. Several literatures on mobility dynamics, travel behaviour and trip pattern of this unique set of people were assessed. The study showed that the use of public transport is influenced by distance in comparison with different modes of transport for the elderly. The review also established that distance is a function of the pendulum pattern. The mobility patterns of older people are influenced by various elements that depend on individual circumstances and state of health. Other factors that influenced mobility dynamics of the seniors as reviewed are age, gender, educational level, type of disability, income, residential area, availability of means of transport and built environment. The outcome of this review will aid transportation policy makers on the way-forward for effective and efficient mobility for the elderly now and in the foreseeable future towards a sustainable transportation system.

Synthesis of Combined Heat Exchange Network and Utility Supply Chain

This paper involves the development of an integrated supply chain superstructure that describes the holistic synthesis of the heat demand of multiple co-located process plants within a geographical area and their associated utility supply chains. The integrated superstructure comprises a set of feedstock supply nodes which connects a set of utility demand nodes through a set of feedstock/utility transportation modes. Different kinds of biomass and waste-based feedstocks, including seasonality associated with their availabilities, from which hot utilities can be generated, and different modes of transportation, are considered. The model also takes into consideration periodic variations in heat demand of the plants. The proposed integrated model is demonstrated on a preliminary hypothetical case study and the solution obtained shows that supply locations with relatively higher capacity were selected in the optimal supply chain network, despite having relatively higher unit cost and located furthest from the demand locations. In terms of transport mode, only road truck haulage was selected due to its relatively lower investment cost.

A Critical Appraisal of Mode Choice Model of Work Trips

In the present scenario in world, many mode choice models have been developed to predict the travelers mode choice in the available modes of transportation system .The mode choice model is one of a very significantcomponent in the urban transportation planning and policies,specifically in countries that are toward development and urbanization, likeSouth Asian countries(India, Bangladesh, Nepal,etc.)the increasing horizontal spread of cities that led to increased travel demand.The aim of this review is to study the developing of mode choice model for various transportation modes .The developed models cover different modes of transportation currently employed in cities,which are Private car,Taxi,Publicbus,Auto-rickshaw,Motorcycles,Shared car,Bicycles,Walking.They have been tried to be estimated for work, education,shopping and other trips .There are some factors that considerablyinfluence the choice of transport modes are:Socio economics variables such as age,gender, car ownership,and family monthly income.Network variables are such as travel time,travel cost,comfort,reliability, employment, driving licenseweather,and dust &noise. The data was collected for eachof the alternative modes through questionnaire by face to face interview or by using Google form. There are different methods that can be applied for the developing a mode choice model,multinomial logitmodel is the easiest method with simple mathematical calculations; this method was also used by many authors for analysis and for checking the validation the likelihood ration test .the application of mode choice model is significant to mode user to have best choice, and also such models can assist in the alleviation of traffic congestion and air pollution in the city.

Factors influencing the work of the transport and technological system of the industrial and agricultural region of Eastern Ukraine in the conditions of deregulation of cargo flows

The article considers external and internal factors that influence the work of the transport and technological system of the industrial-agrarian region of Eastern Ukraine in the conditions of cargo deregulation. The transport and technological system of the region, the seaport being the basis of the system; combines the work of different modes of transport: rail, road, sea and fixed modes of transport over its territory. The operation of this system is influenced by many different factors, especially in the conditions of deregulation of cargo flows in the surrounding region. Therefore, the studies assessing the factors that influence the work of infrastructure of transport and technological systems in the conditions of deregulation of cargo flows should be considered relevant. Simulation of development efficiency of such a complex transport and technological complex as seaport is possible on multicriteria basis. The method which is a mathematical description of the processes and objects of the system in conditions of deregulation of cargo flows, as well as the system of processes seems to be the most exact. The way the model is built is based on a comparison of the factors that influence the transportation technology system, their grouping and evaluation. The purpose of the study is the maximum effective and metric utility of all the process elements, consisting of effective and metric utility of each process element of the system with the minimum cost of all effective and metric indicators (works). Various factors that influence the seaport of the Eastern Ukraine region in the conditions of cargo deregulation have been studied, a logistical effective and metric model of the utility of the transport-technological system has been made up. It has been determined that the reduction of resource costs is the basis for improving the efficiency and productivity of the seaport under the conditions of cargo deregulation. The work of the infrastructure of the transport and technological system implies certain measures that affect its regular functioning. The analysis of the logistic effective and metric model shows that the functioning of the transport-technological system depends on the influence of a certain complex of factors of different type, which requires evaluation of its work on a multicriteria basis. The result of the study is a grouping of factors; a model for evaluating the work of the transport-technological system of the industrial-agrarian region has been proposed

Stochastic modeling and analysis of road–tramway intersections

In the last decades, the socio-demographic evolution of the population has substantially changed mobility demand, posing new challenges in minimizing urban congestion and reducing environmental impact. In this scenario, understanding how different modes of transport can efficiently share (partially or totally) a common infrastructure is crucial for urban development. To this aim, we present a stochastic model-based analysis of critical intersections shared by tram traffic and private traffic, combining a microscopic model of the former with a macroscopic model of the latter. Advanced simulation tools are typically used for such kind of analyses, by playing various traffic scenarios. However, simulation is not an exhaustive approach, and some critical, possibly rare, event may be ignored. For this reason, our aim is instead to adopt suitable analytical solution techniques and tools that can support instead a complete, exhaustive analysis, so being able to take into account rare events as well. Transient analysis of the overall traffic model using the method of stochastic state classes is adopted to support the evaluation of relevant performance measures, namely the probability of traffic congestion over time and the average number of private vehicles in the queue over time. A sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to multiple parameters, notably including the arrival rate of private vehicles, the frequency of tram rides, and the time needed to recover from traffic congestion.

Optimizing Multimodal Transportation Routes Considering Container Use

This study focuses on the route selection problem of multimodal transportation: When facing a shortage of containers, a transport plan must be designed for freight forwarders that realizes the optimal balance between transportation time and transportation cost. This problem is complicated by two important characteristics: (1) The use of containers is related to transport routes, and they interact with each other; and (2) Different types of containers should be used in different time ranges for different modes of transportation. To solve this problem, we establish a multi-objective optimization model for minimizing the total transportation time, transportation cost and container usage cost. To solve the multi-objective programming model, the normalized normal constraint method (NNCM) is used to obtain Pareto solutions. We conducted a case study considering the transportation of iron ore in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province. The results demonstrate that using railway containers and railway transportation as much as possible in route selection can effectively solve the problem of container shortage and balance transportation time and transportation cost.

Health economic assessment of a scenario to promote bicycling as active transport in Stockholm, Sweden

ObjectivesTo conduct a health economic evaluation of a proposed investment in urban bicycle infrastructure in Stockholm County, Sweden.DesignA cost-effectiveness analysis is undertaken from a healthcare perspective. Investment costs over a...

Правові засоби протидії контрабанді та порушенням митних правил на транспорті: сучасний стан

The article is devoted to the research of modern issues of organizational and legal means of combating smuggling and violation of customs rules in transport. Within this article the peculiarities of legal regulation of organizational and legal means of combating smuggling and violation of customs rules in different modes of transport were investigated. In this regard, it should be pointed out that each of these modes of transport requires specific organizational and legal remedies in relation to the individual properties of a particular mode of transport, in order to properly counteract smuggling and breach of customs rules. The legal framework, which implements the legal regulation of organizational and legal means of combating smuggling and violation of customs rules are analyzed in the article. Attention is drawn to the fact that road transport is most often used for smuggling. The second half of the article explores the current issues of organizational and legal means of combating smuggling and violation of customs rules. Doctrinal studies of scientists on the issues of organizational legal means of combating smuggling and violation of customs rules in transport are considered. It is stated that our country needs to go over the international experience in improving the material and technical base of customs and law enforcement agencies, which prevent the commission of smuggling and violation of customs rules in transport. The necessity of intensification of normative-making activity on creation of normative-legal acts that would improve coordination and cooperation of customs and law-enforcement bodies of Ukraine is pointed out. It is proposed to amend the current legislation to strengthen the responsibility for committing smuggling.

Modelling the role of consideration of alternatives in mode choice: An application on the Rome-Milan corridor

In this paper, we investigate the role consideration of the alternatives plays in mode choice models. On the Rome-Milan corridor, in Italy, where seven alternative modes of transport are available, we administered a stated choice (SC) experiment. Responses to supplementary questions on consideration of the different modes of transport and the presence of thresholds for the travel time attribute indicate travellers are less likely to consider the slower modes. Two model specifications, in which consideration for the slower alternatives is measured using both sets of supplementary questions, are proposed and contrasted against a model which assumes all alternatives are considered. Our results suggests that some of the unobserved preference heterogeneity could potentially be due to consideration effects. Accounting for consideration of alternatives also has direct impacts on choice probabilities, parameter estimates and willingness-to-pay measures.

The willingness to offset CO2 emissions from traveling: Findings from discrete choice experiments with different framings

This paper explores the effects of framing a polluting activity in different contexts, i.e. different modes of transportation (bus versus plane) and different travel occasions (holiday versus professional training) on the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for carbon offsetting. For both types of framing, we also study additional contributions from the travel provider (i.e. matching). The empirical analyses with mixed logit and latent class logit models are based on data from discrete choice experiments with a representative sample of about 1000 individuals from Germany. The findings suggest substantial and systematic framing effects resulting from varying the mode of transportation, but not the travel occasion. Furthermore, the individual WTP is significantly higher across all four contexts when offsets are matched by the travel provider at a rate of 100%. In contrast, a lower matching rate of 33% is only relevant for one context, i.e. bus trips to a professional training. In addition, our results indicate that re-/afforestation projects are preferred to renewable energies projects or projects to improve energy efficiency. Likewise, projects carried out in a participant's region are preferred to projects implemented in European countries other than Germany or in developing countries. Finally, the WTP for offsets is found to be significantly higher for individuals with higher income, younger age, and stronger environmental and social preferences, as well as for individuals who believe that offsetting is effective in protecting the climate.

Development Countermeasures on Container Multimodal Transport of Railway in China

With the national “One Belt and One Road” strategy put forward, multimodal transport has become the key to break through the bottleneck of China’s comprehensive transport service capacity. In order to speed up the construction of modern integrated transportation system and promote the logistics industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency, this paper analyses the problems existing in the development of China’s railway multimodal transport and analyses the opportunities for the development of China’s railway container multimodal transport from four aspects. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures for the development of multimodal transport, which can improve the efficiency of multimodal transport organization, realize the smooth connection of different modes of transport, and promote the cost reduction and efficiency increase of logistics industry.