Different Levels Of Significance Research Articles

The unwritten practice of academic benchmarking in organizational hierarchy—An analysis

The paper investigates the reasons why decision makers often prefer individuals with high academic credentials for promotion and leadership positions. It also examines how the process of attaining higher education develops special personality traits, which hold the attention of decision makers favorably, and seem to be crucial for the organizational success. The study further explores the correlation between higher educational attainments and corporate hierarchy.The findings of our survey are discussed in the light of both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data. The result of the Pearson's Chi-square test rejects null hypothesis of independence between higher academic credentials and corporate hierarchy. The p-values at different levels of significance confirm that the results are significant and highly unlikely to have occurred by chance alone.Based on Tau coefficient of the Kendall's test statistic, the magnitude of correlation between the said variables is found to be +0.33 with positive direction of correlation. This suggests that higher academic credentials can contribute about 33% to the total appraisal score given by an appraisal committee to a prospective candidate for direct placement or advancement to a leadership position in corporate hierarchy.

The Role of Cooperatives in Improving Smallholder Participation in Agri-Food Value Chains: A Case Study of One Local Municipality in Eastern Cape, South Africa

Increases in demand for food, product development, and agribusiness growth provide new opportunities for smallholder farmers in the developing world. Yet, the smallholder farming sector is still confronted by numerous constraints, including low quality and lower levels of produce. Agricultural cooperatives and other farmer organisations have been identified as crucial vehicles to link smallholder farmers with the evolving food systems. However, little is known about their contribution to enhancing their members’ participation in sustainable agri-food chains. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives in empowering smallholder farmers to participate in sustainable agri-food chains in Eastern Cape, South Africa. In achieving this, the study adopted a multi-stratified sampling procedure to select 119 cooperative members in the study area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a binary regression model. Our findings revealed that the majority (70%) of cooperatives were participating in crop production. Most (75%) of the cooperative members were old, with a mean average of 52 years. Additionally, the majority (93%) of members reported that agricultural cooperatives contributed positively to their livelihoods. The results of the probit model established that quality, quantity, level of education, and access to information influenced the level of participation in storage, processing, and distribution levels at different levels of significance. Although the findings of this research reported a positive contribution of cooperatives to their members, the study identifies a greater need for cooperatives to be inclusive of young people and improve government support. Also, the study recommends a blended financing model that will cater to smallholder farmers who do not have collateral. Finally, the study recommends that the current extension and advisory services be tailored to cater to the training needs of smallholder farmers.

Characteristics analysis and structure optimization of a hybrid micro-jet impingement/micro-channel heat sink

To solve the heat dissipation problem of high-power electronics, a novel hybrid micro-jet impingement/micro-channel heat sink is proposed in this work. Different from the continuous and straight rectangular micro-channel, the inclined and interrupted channel walls (fins) are adopted to enhance the fluid disturbance inside the heat sink. To obtain the thermal–hydraulic performance of the hybrid heat sink, an overall 3D modeling and numerical simulations are conducted instead of local cell numerical simulation. In addition, to further improve the heat transfer and flow resistance performance, the effects of variation of structural parameters on heat transfer and flow resistance properties are investigated, including the fin inclination angle, fin length and fin height. The results of structural parametric analysis reveal that there are interactions between different structural parameters, but with different levels of significance for different evaluation indicators. Then, to obtain the optimal combinations of structural parameters for different applications, the multi-objective genetic algorithm coupled with artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to search for the optimal value of each structural parameter. The heat transfer thermal resistance, pressure drop and mean absolute temperature deviation of the heated surface are utilized as the optimization objectives to evaluate the cooling and resistance characteristics. The optimization results obtained by three-objective optimization and two-objective optimization are analyzed and compared. Finally, seven optimal compromise solutions are selected from the Pareto front by using TOPSIS algorithm with different weight factor matrices. For the optimal compromise solutions, the maximum relative errors between the predicted values of the ANN and numerical simulation values are only 3%, which further demonstrates the accuracy of the artificial neural network model and the effectiveness of using multi-objective optimization to guide heat sink design.

PHYSICAL FITNESS OF WOMEN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TAE BO EXERCISE

The aim of this research was to determine the changes in the physical fitness of women who recreationally practice tae bo. 15 female exercisers between 25 and 40 years old, who have been practicing this recreational exercise for at least a year, participated in the research which lasted for four months. For assessing physical fitness V test, Back Scratch Test (right and left), 2 minute Step in Place Test, Trunk Flexor and Extensor, Squat Test, Arm Curl Test, Hexagon Agility Test and Modified Agility „T“ Test were used. To determine changes, analysis of variance for dependent samples and post hoc analysis were used. After the tae bo program, which lasted for four months, it was determined that most of the tests showed statistically significant changes of different levels of significance. It is concluded that the tae bo program effectively influenced the improvement of women's physical fitness after four months of performance.

Understanding individual entrepreneurial orientation

Current research on entrepreneurial orientation is mostly from a firm-level perspective, focuses on developed countries, and recent studies treat entrepreneurial orientation as a uni-dimensional construct. Studies on entrepreneurial orientation from a generational perspective mostly use a comparison between two groups (young and old) and neglect the well-accepted classification of generational cohorts. This study therefore examines the individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, innovativeness and proactivity) among the Baby Boomers, Generations X, Y, and Z in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey that yielded a sample of 1,082 adults from Bosnia and Herzegovina. One-way analysis of variance with Brown-Forsythe, Welch’s F, and least significant post-hoc tests were used to test the hypotheses. The results show some evidence that individual entrepreneurial orientation varies significantly between generations, at different levels of significance. Risk-taking generally decreases with older generations, as does innovativeness, except when comparing Generations X and Y, while proactiveness increases with older generations. The study provides valuable information for future entrepreneurs, business incubators and potential investors.

Use of Doehlert Matrix as a Tool for High-Throughput Screening of Organic Acids and Essential Oils on Miniaturized Pork Loins, Followed by Lab-Scale Validation That Confirmed Tested Compounds Do Not Show Synergistic Effects against Salmonella Typhimurium

The many possible treatments and continuously changing consumer trends present a challenge when selecting antimicrobial interventions during pork processing. Thirty-five potential antimicrobials were screened at commercial working concentrations by individually adding them to miniaturized (69 cm3) disks of pork loin ends, followed by inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585. Two organic acids and nine essential oils significantly inhibited Salmonella counts on pork (p < 0.05). However, six compounds that represent different levels of significance (p < 0.05–p < 0.0001) were selected as independent variables to build a Response Surface Methodology model based on a Doehlert matrix (Doehlert Matrix—RSM): lactic acid 1.25%, formic acid 0.25%, cumin 0.25%, clove 0.25%, peppermint 0.5%, and spearmint 0.5%. The goal of the Doehlert Matrix—RSM was to study single and paired effects of these antimicrobials on the change in Salmonella over 24 h. The Doehlert Matrix—RSM model predicted that lactic acid, formic acid, cumin, peppermint, and spearmint significantly reduced Salmonella when added alone, while no significant interactions between these antimicrobials were found. A laboratory-scale validation was carried out on pork loin end slices, which confirmed the results predicted by the model. While this screening did not identify novel synergistic combinations, our approach to screening a variety of chemical compounds by implementing a miniaturized pork loin disk model allowed us to identify the most promising antimicrobial candidates to then formally design experiments to study potential interactions with other antimicrobials.

تطبيق لعبة العجلة الدوارة على الأساس الرقمي لترقية تعليم المفردات (البحث التجريبى لطلاب الفصل السابع بالمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الأهلية الغزالية جومبانج)

Learning Arabic at the Sanawiya madrasah level tends to be less popular due to the lack of media in the learning process. One example is Arabic vocabulary lessons, which are lessons that are considered boring. This research aims to provide variations in learning Arabic vocabulary by using a spinning wheel game, with the aim of increasing students' understanding of vocabulary. Therefore, researchers conducted pre-experimental research on the application of a digital-based spinning wheel game to improve vocabulary learning for class VII students at Madrasah Ṣānawiyyah Ghazaliyya Jombang. The subjects of this research were 30 class VII students. In this study, researchers used the one-group pretest-posttest method. At the initial meeting, the researcher conducted a pretest, then gave treatment with a spinning wheel game, and then conducted a posttest. The results obtained showed that there was a significant increase in learning outcomes before and after carrying out the treatment. In the initial test, students obtained an average score of 57.50, and in the final test after treatment, students obtained an average score of 84.50. So descriptively, the posttest value is better than the pretest value, with a significance level of difference between the two values of 0.000 <0.05 (a sig value of 0.000 is less than 0.05). This means that the use of learning media with spinning wheel games in learning Arabic has a good influence on students. In other words, the spinning wheel game can improve students' learning of Arabic vocabulary.

Trend analysis and identification of possible periods of change in the occurrence of extreme streamflow events in a tropical basin

Knowledge of the hydrological patterns of a river basin is important for environmental management in times of scarcity and floods. Among the variables that can influence river streamflow are precipitation and land use, which can intensify the occurrence of extreme events. The objective of this work is to identify trends in the time series of minimum and maximum streamflows, on a monthly and annual scale, in a tropical basin, based on non-parametric techniques. We also aim to analyze the main climatic and anthropic factors that can explain the changes in the rates of streamflow. The Mann-Kendall, modified Mann-Kendall and Pettitt tests were used at different levels of significance, as well as the Theil-Sen slope, to identify the magnitude of the trends found. The results showed that the minimum and maximum streamflows had a decreasing tendency in the dry period of the basin, specifically in October. Changes in the monthly time series occurred mainly in 2012. Precipitation behaved similarly to that observed in streamflows, with significant changes in the dry and rainy seasons, mainly in the north of the basin. Land use and land cover showed little variation in the analyzed period and was not considered a determining factor in streamflow changes. The application of different statistical methods allowed for finding satisfactory results for the behavior of water in the basin, while the analysis of climatic and anthropic factors made it possible to know their possible influences on changes in streamflow trends.

Integration of bulk RNA sequencing data and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on the heterogeneity in patients with colorectal cancer

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has emerged as a critical innate immune pathway that could virtually impact nearly all aspects of tumorigenesis including colorectal cancer. This work aimed to develop and validate molecular subtypes related to cGAS-STING pathways for colorectal cancer using Bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. Bulk RNA-seq data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (training dataset) and Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (validation dataset). Univariate COX survival analysis was utilized to identify prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 6 immune pathways related to cGAS-STING. ConsensusClusterPlus package was used to classify different subtypes based on DEGs. scRNA-seq data were used to validate differences in immune status between different subtypes. Two clusters with distinct prognosis were identified based on 27 DEGs. The six cGAS-STING-related pathways had different levels of significance between the two clusters. Clust1 had most number of amplified CNVs and clust2 had the most number of loss CNVs. TP53 was the top mutated gene of which missense mutations contributed the most of single-nucleotide variants. Immune score of clust1 was higher than that in clust2, as reflected in macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells. Three unfavorable genes and 31 protection factors were screened between the two clusters in three datasets. ScRNA-seq data analysis demonstrated that macrophages were more enriched in clust1, and tumor cells and immune cells had close interaction. We classified two distinct subtypes with different prognosis, mutation landscape, and immune characteristics.

Exploration of performance appraisal Strategy based on Big data and enterprise Development investigate

In recent years, the reform of the power system structure has gone deeper and deeper, and the national reform goals of "legal basis, separation of government and enterprise, subject regulation, fair trade, reasonable price and effective supervision" are also being implemented step by step. In the process of the rapid development of the system architecture of electric power enterprises, many private enterprises have also joined in the complicated market competition. The challenge of power grid status also means that it is necessary to carry out internal exploration to effectively meet the market competition.
 As a kind of evaluation system used in enterprises, performance appraisal has many different levels of significance. Performance appraisal should be able to provide the basic strength for the vigorous development of the enterprise, create a fair, open and vibrant competitive environment, and provide guidance for the learning, work and development of employees. In the traditional practice of performance appraisal in the past, the appraisal system is often regarded as a relatively independent design unit, which is generally decoued from many background elements in the enterprise, such as the strategic objectives of the enterprise, the internal culture of the enterprise, the individual learning and development direction of the employee, and the attitude and guidance of the enterprise manager. However, under the background of current market reform, the important relationship between these factors and performance appraisal is being recognized more and more. In this context, this paper tries to explore the key points of performance appraisal strategies with big data technology as the main axis and enterprise development goals as the guidance.

Assessment of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAP) Adopted by Crop Farmers in Adapting to Climate Change and Environmental Issues in Zamfara State, Nigeria

This study assessed the Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAP) adopted by arable crop farmers in adapting to climate change and environmental issues in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling techniques was used to select six local government areas in the state. Three hundred and fifty (350) farmers were randomly selected and administered questionnaire. Sets of standardized questionnaires survey and interview were used to elicit information on CSAP from the farmers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Total Factor Productivity (TFP), and Least Squares Regression (LSR). The analysed results were presented on tables and charts. The results show that the prevalent CSAP adopted by the farmers were: cover cropping, application of organic manures, adoption of minimum tillage, practice of crop rotation with legumes, usage of mulching, application of inorganic fertilizers and planting of improved seed varieties. Results of the determinants of TFP estimate reveals that age (-1.328), education (0.427), farm size (0.41), organic fertilizer (0.48), access to extension services (0.342), cover cropping (0.023), inorganic fertilizer (.47), improved seed varieties (0.503), crop rotation with legumes (0.54), access to credit facilities (0.273) significantly contribute to productivity at different levels of significance in the study area. While age impacted negatively on productivity, all others impacted positively on productivity. The study concluded that CSAP had positive impacts on crop productivity. The study recommends the adoption of sustainable CSAT such as the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer, cover cropping, and the use of improved seed varieties; provision of agricultural credit facilities to the farmers and availability of extension workers in the study area.&nbsp

Simulation of Diffuse Solar Radiation with Tree-Based Evolutionary Hybrid Models and Satellite Data

Diffuse solar radiation (Rd) provides basic data for designing and optimizing solar energy systems. Owing to the notable unavailability in many regions of the world, Rd is traditionally estimated by models through other easily available meteorological factors. However, in the absence of ground weather station data, such models often need to be supplemented according to satellite remote sensing data. The performance of Himawari-7 satellite inversion of Rd was evaluated in the study, and hybrid models were established (XGBoost_DE, XGBoost_FPA, XGBoost_GOA, and XGBoost_GWO), so as to improve the satellite data and achieve a better utilization effect. The meteorological data of 14 Rd stations in mainland China from 2011 to 2015 were used. Four input combinations (L1–L4) and eight input combinations (S1–S8) of meteorological factors corresponding to satellite remote sensing data were used for model simulation, while two optimal combinations (S7 and S8) were selected for cross-station application. The results revealed that the accuracy of Himawari-7 satellite Rd data was low, with RMSE, R2, MAE, and MBE values of 2.498 MJ·m−2·d−1, 0.617, 1.799 MJ·m−2·d−1, and 0.323 MJ·m−2·d−1, respectively. The performance of these coupled models based on satellite data was significantly improved. The RMSE and MAE values increased by 15.5% and 9.4%, respectively, while the R2 value decreased by 10.9 %. Compared with others based on satellite data, the XGBoost_GOA model exhibited optimal performance. The mean values of RMSE, R2, and MAE were 1.63 MJ·m−2·d−1, 0.76 and 1.21 MJ·m−2·d−1, respectively. The XGBoost_GWO model exhibited optimal performance in the cross-station application, and the average RMSE value was reduced by 2.3–10.5% compared with the other models. The meteorological factors input by the models exhibited different levels of significance in different scenarios. Rd_s was the main meteorological parameter that affected the model based on satellite data, while RH exhibited a significant improvement in the XGBoost_FPA and XGBoost_GWO models based on ground weather stations data. Accordingly, the present authors believe that the XGBoost_GOA model has excellent ability for simulating Rd, while the XGBoost_GWO model allows for cross-station simulation of Rd from satellite data.

Sample size for the evaluation of selection traits of nuts in hazelnut varieties

Planning works on the study of coblnut (hazelnut) requires establishing the sample size, taking into account the magnitude of the error and the significance of the results. Such studies have not been carried out in full with regard to plant varieties, taking into account modern requirements. The purpose of the research is to determine the sample size for calculating the value of selection traits of nuts in hazelnut varieties with different error rates and significance levels. For this purpose 12 main economically valuable breeding traits of nuts have been studied in 8 varieties – taste, weight, indestructibility, kernel yield, the presence of husks on it, strength and color of the shell, nut weight, one-dimensionality of fruits in size and shape, overall score. A well-known method has been used to calculate the sample size for evaluating each indicator with different relative and absolute errors for different levels of significance. The largest contribution to the overall maximum score of 59 points is made by the core indicators: taste – 25.42%, weight – 22.29%, indestructibility – 16.9%, yield – 11.31%. The share of other features is estimated at 2.25 – 6.78%. For a relative estimate of 5% accepted in Biology the estimated sample size for weight indicators was at a significance level of α = 0.05 / α = 0.1: walnut weight 30/21, kernel weight – 43/30 nuts; scoring indicators: shell color – 18/13, shell strength – 22/16, presence of husks on the kernel – 137/95, indestructibility of the kernel – 27/19, taste of the kernel – 25/17, total score of the selection category – 11/7 nuts. For indicators expressed as a percentage for α = 0.05: kernel yield with an error of 1% – 98, damaged by diseases, pests with an error of 10% – 62, one-dimensional in size with an error of 10% – 57, one-dimensional in shape – with 10%, error – 54 hazelnuts.

Effects of mineral supplementation on qualitative beef parameters

Correct nutrition with sufficient amount of optimal doses of microelements efficiently supports high levels of beef production and health of the animals throughout the feeding period. In the sphere of beef production, microelements are needed as additional supplements to play an important role in the productivity of cattle and the quality of the products made from them. Providing cattle with a more bioavailable source of deficient microelements could increase the metabolic process of the main nutrients, which would affect the intensity of bull growth and slaughter meat parameters. It has been revealed that organic complexes of deficient microelements have greater bioavailability. Throughout the experiment, Ukrainian Black Spotted bulls of 175–200 kg live weight were fed with diets enriched by chelate compounds of microelements with lysine and methionine. Animals of the second group were fed a diet with methionates of microelements in the following doses, mg/kg of live weight: iron – 0.05, cobalt – 0.04, iodine – 0.05 and selenium – 0.02; the third group received lysinates in the same doses of microelements; and the fourth group was given lysinates and methionates in a complex with half-doses of microelements. The studies were carried out using the following methods: zootechnical (productivity), biochemical (chemical blood composition), morphological (weight and sizes of certain tissues and internal organs), physical-chemical and sanitary meat parameters and statistical (mean arithmetic value and its error, significance level of difference between parameters). We found evidence and confirmed the benefits of using microelement supplemention with essential aminoacids in the bulls’ diet. Feeding chelate supplement to animals during the second feeding period improved hematological parameters, the productivity and nutrition value of beef. We determined that the best outcomes resulted from feeding bulls with lysinates and methionates in complex with microelements (Fe, Co, Se and I) during the second feeding period. The animals had 26.0% higher mean daily increments and 11.1% greater growth rates, and they grew 25.8% more intensively than the others that consumed only the main diet. The animals of this group had 5.2% higher slaughter yield and 4.8% higher carcass yield. The experimental groups were observed to have lower number of microorganisms in the longissimus layer in one field of view when analyzing impression smears. After 14 days of beef storage, qualitative reactions in the control group were positive with formaldehyde, sulphuric-acid copper, Nessler’s reagent and negative with benzidine. The reactions in the samples from experimental groups were doubtful. Less deterioration of beef stored at low positive temperatures (0…+2 ºС) was observed for the samples of experimental groups.

Evaluation of Rural Households Practices For Climate-Smart Agriculture Technology In Zamfara State, Nigeria

This study assessed the Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAP) adopted by arable crop farmers in adapting to climate change and environmental issues in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling techniques was used to select six local government areas in the state. Three hundred and fifty (350) farmers were randomly selected and administered questionnaire. Sets of standardized questionnaires survey and interview were used to elicit information on CSAP from the farmers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Total Factor Productivity (TFP), and Least Squares Regression (LSR). The analyzed results were presented on tables and charts. The results show that the prevalent CSAP adopted by the farmers were: cover cropping, application of organic manures, adoption of minimum tillage, practice of crop rotation with legumes, usage of mulching, application of inorganic fertilizers and planting of improved seed varieties. Results of the determinants of TFP estimate reveals that age (-1.328), education (0.427), farm size (0.41), organic fertilizer (0.48), access to extension services (0.342), cover cropping (0.023), inorganic fertilizer (.47), improved seed varieties (0.503), crop rotation with legumes (0.54), access to credit facilities (0.273) significantly contribute to productivity at different levels of significance in the study area. While age impacted negatively on productivity, all others impacted positively on productivity. The study concluded that CSAP had positive impacts on crop productivity. The study recommends the adoption of sustainable CSAT such as the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer, cover cropping, and the use of improved seed varieties; provision of agricultural credit facilities to the farmers and availability of extension workers in the study area.

Влияние однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов генов свертывающей системы крови и фолатного цикла на тяжесть течения и исходы COVID-19

Objective. To characterize the relationship of alleles of single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms in the genes of the hemostasis system and folate cycle with the severity of the course and outcomes of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. The study conducted on the basis of the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Izhevsk in 2020–2021 included 40 patients with COVID-19. The study of alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of 12 genes encoding factors of the blood coagulation system was performed in patients. Biological analysis of genomic DNA was performed using a set of reagents "Real-Best-Genetics Hemostasis (12)". A CFX96 amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA) was used to carry out the polymerase chain reaction. The significance level of differences between the groups was determined using the criteria χ2, Mann–Whitney and Fisher's exact criterion. Results. The C allele of SNP of ITGB3:1565 β3 integrin gene (T/C) tends to be associated with a more severe course of the disease (p = 0.048). The C allele of SNP of β3 integrin gene ITGB3:1565 (T/C), the T allele of SNP of α2 integrin gene ITGA2:807 (C/T), and the T allele of SNP of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene MTHFR:677 (C/T) tend to be associated with higher mortality with COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The minor allele of SNP of ITGB3:1565 (T/C) gene can be considered as a predictor of the severe course of COVID-19, minor alleles of SNP of ITGB3:1565 (T/C), ITGA2:807 (C/T), and MTHFR:677 (C/T) genes can be considered as predictors of a higher risk of a lethal outcome. Key words: COVID-19, single nucleotide gene polymorphisms, blood coagulation system, folate cycle

Dynamical linear modeling estimates of long-term ozone trends from homogenized Dobson Umkehr profiles at Arosa/Davos, Switzerland

Abstract. Six collocated spectrophotometers based in Arosa/Davos, Switzerland, have been measuring ozone profiles continuously since 1956 for the oldest Dobson instrument and since 2005 for the Brewer instruments. The datasets of these two ground-based triads (three Dobsons and three Brewers) allow for continuous intercomparisons and derivation of long-term trend estimates. Mainly, two periods in the post-2000 Dobson D051 dataset show anomalies when compared to the Brewer triad time series: in 2011–2013, an offset has been attributed to technical interventions during the renewal of the spectrophotometer acquisition system, and in 2018, an offset with respect to the Brewer triad has been detected following an instrumental change on the spectrophotometer wedge. In this study, the worldwide longest Umkehr dataset (1956–2020) is carefully homogenized using collocated and simultaneous Dobson and Brewer measurements. A recently published report (Garane et al., 2022) described results of an independent homogenization of the same dataset performed by comparison to the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) Global Modeling Initiative (M2GMI) model simulations. In this paper, the two versions of homogenized Dobson D051 records are intercompared to analyze residual differences found during the correction periods. The Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) station overpass record (2005–2020) is used as an independent reference for the comparisons. The two homogenized data records show common correction periods, except for the 2017–2018 period, and the corrections are similar in magnitude. In addition, the post-2000 ozone profile trends are estimated from the two homogenized Dobson D051 time series by dynamical linear modeling (DLM), and results are compared with the DLM trends derived from the collocated Brewer Umkehr time series. By first investigating the long-term Dobson ozone record for trends using the well-established multilinear regression (MLR) method, we find that the trends obtained by both MLR and DLM techniques are similar within their uncertainty ranges in the upper and middle stratosphere but that the trend's significances differ in the lower stratosphere. Post-2000 DLM trend estimates show a positive trend of 0.2 to 0.5 % yr−1 above 35 km, significant for Dobson D051 but lower and therefore nonsignificantly different from zero at the 95 % level of confidence for Brewer B040. As shown for the Dobson D051 data record, the trend only seems to become significantly positive in 2004. Moreover, a persistent negative trend is estimated in the middle stratosphere between 25 and 30 km. In the lower stratosphere, the trend is negative at 20 km, with different levels of significance depending on the period and on the dataset.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Tourism Climate Index for Türkiye during 1981–2020

Tourism activities are highly dependent on climatological conditions. The climatological suitability of tourism destinations is investigated by using a Tourism Climate Index (TCI) that is frequently used by researchers. The TCI varies between 0 and 100 and is created by using temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind and precipitation data. For TCI, 100 is for ideal and 0 is for extremely unfavorable conditions for tourism. In this study, the meteorological data covering the period of 1981–2020 for 98 stations is used to calculate the TCI of each station for all seasons and months. The Mann-Kendall trend test is used for TCI behavior of the entire country and Sen Innovative Trend Analysis method is used for four famous tourism destinations. For summer, coastal regions have smaller TCI values than inland regions due to the high amount of relative humidity. Most stations have TCI values in the “Very Good” category or better. In spring and autumn, the TCI values fall into the “Acceptable” category or better. The winter is the season with smallest TCI values. For summer, 54 of 98 stations have a decreasing trend at different levels of significance and four of them have an increasing trend. In autumn, 30 stations have an increasing trend and two stations have a decreasing trend at standard levels of significance. Similarly, for spring, 20 stations have an increasing trend and one has a decreasing trend. During winter, 14 stations have an increasing trend while one has decreasing trend. The Sen Innovative Trend test shows an increasing trend on average for four famous tourism destinations during May–September months.

Análisis de un relato sufí de Mevlana Djalâl-od-Dîn Rumî desde el Adab sufí

In the Islamic tradition the adab has different levels of significance that intertwine religion, cultural wisdom, intellectual disciplines, and social norms and etiquette. Although this was adopted by tasawwuf, Islamic mysticism, since classical times, the most profound researches about the relationship between the two domains are rather recent. The present paper aims to interpret a story of Mavlānā Yalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī ‘s Masnavi in the light of the Sufi idea of the adab, to explore the possible link between the notions of the inner-esoteric (batin), and the outer-exoteric (zahir), and the behavioral etiquette of the adab in its classic sense.

Studi Meta Analisis dan Studi Literatur pada Perkembangan Audit Delay Saat Ini

Company performance can be conveyed through financial reports to deliver in a timely manner or not experience delays, which contain various information to interested parties, especially investors who really need these financial reports to find out information as material for evaluating the capital investors have in a company. . Audit Delay or delay in submitting audited financial reports is a measure of the length of time the audit report completion process is calculated from the closing date of the financial year to the date of issuance of the audit report. If there is a delay in issuing financial reports, it will automatically indicate a problem and will affect the decisions of users of financial statements in investing in the company. The topic of audit delay has been extensively researched by researchers and still exists today. This study obtained consistent results and inconsistent results associated with different levels of significance. This study also aims to integrate topics related to Audit Delay for the 2002-2016 period. The data collection method uses the observation method from a collection of journals. The sample of this research is 36 journals on the topic of audit delay. Researchers used meta-analysis techniques and the Structured Literature Review (SLR) method to integrate the results of journal research and show conclusions related to the audit delay effect by discussing several important aspects in research, namely methodology, research methods, and theory used.