Different Degree Of Severity Research Articles

The Different Degree of Severity Intrinsically Present in Each Type of Renal Lesions [Arteriolar Hyalinosis (Ah Score), Tubulo-Interstitial-Damage Score (TID Score), Global Glomerular Sclerosis (GGS%) are a Very Simple Predictor of Functional Outcome and High Blood Pressure Frequency in Glomerulonephritis Patients

The Different Degree of Severity Intrinsically Present in Each Type of Renal Lesions [Arteriolar Hyalinosis (Ah Score), Tubulo-Interstitial-Damage Score (TID Score), Global Glomerular Sclerosis (GGS%) are a Very Simple Predictor of Functional Outcome and High Blood Pressure Frequency in Glomerulonephritis Patients

Dysbiotic changes in the intestines under the influence of exogenous biological determinants

Introduction. Data were obtained on the difference in the quantitative and specific composition of intestinal microbiota bacteria in practically healthy individuals with subclinical invasions by pathogenic intestinal protozoa Lamblia intestinalis, Blastocystis hominis. Сhanges in bacterial composition were shown to have characterological features and species-specific «targets» of intestinal microbiota destruction. 
 Material and methods. Bacteriological and parasitological research methods were used. For a comparative analysis of quantitative and specific changes in the symbiotic microflora, there were formed two groups: “Yes” and “No” for each type of pathogenic protozoa, bacteriological indicators were ranked by quantitative content — CFU “0–103”, CFU “103–10max”, CFU “10max”. Statistical differences in research results were determined by the Chi-square calculation method. 
 Results. Antagonistic activity of unicellular protozoa in relation to the symbiotic bacterial intestinal microflora in the examined population groups has a different degree of severity depending on the type of invasion. Parasitic pathogens were shown to inhibit up to 40% of the quantitative and 50% of the species composition of the intestinal microflora and are an aggressive biogenic factor in the destruction of biota. There are no limitations of the study. 
 Limitations. The studies had no methodological or administrative restrictions.
 Conclusion. For the first time, significant statistical material has confirmed that asymptomatic parasitosis is a strong biogenic determinant of the development of destructive changes in the integral structure of the symbiotic microflora and the formation of a subclinical form of dysbiosis in an “almost healthy contingent” of the population. The asymptomatic carriage of Blastocysts spp. was found to have a more pronounced antagonistic effect on the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota than the presence of L. intestinalis, Blastocysts spp., form intestinal dysbiosis more aggressively, which indicates a greater pathogenic potential of B. hominis in the formation of intestinal pathology in humans.

Surgical Treatment of Patients with Dislocation of IOL — Fibrosed Capsule Bag Complexes

Violation of the correct location of the complex IOL capsule bag (CICB) in the delayed postoperative period occurs with a frequency of 0.2 to 2.8 %. The basis of the pathogenesis of this complication is the destruction of the zonal ligament due to progressive pseudoexfoliative syndrome, as well as the process of fibrosing the capsule bag. The stage of the flow and the different degree of severity of each mechanisms determines the variety of clinical manifestations. CICB dislocation in combination of these two mechanisms requires a special approach to treatment.Objective: to develop a system of surgical treatment of IOL dislocations in contract capsule syndrome, with varying degrees of severity, combined with the weakness of the ligament apparatus of the lens, and to present the results of its use.Patients and methods. Retrospective analysis of 55 cases of CICB dislocations with the observation period of more than 4 years operated in 2014-2016. Number of dislocations with certain IOL type: Hydrophilic monolithic — 27, Hydrophilic monolithic — 11, Hydrophilic three-part — 10, Hard — 7. The selection criterion was the presence of CICB dislocation in the combination of weakness of the ligament apparatus (II–III st. of severity) and contraction capsule syndrome, with varying degrees of severity. A system is proposed to allow a low-invasive repositioning of intraocular lenses dislocated with a fibrous capsule bag with subsequent suture fixation to the iris. Signs used for choice of surgical technique: localization of capsule bag fibrosis, contract effect of capsule bag fibrosis on IOL position and correct location of haptic elements, size, and severity of equatorial lens masses (Semmering ring). In cases when insufficiency of the ligament apparatus prevails, with insignificant fibrosis of the capsule bag, without contractional influence, fixation of KIKM to iris is carried out without cutting of the capsule bag (method 1). As the fibrous changes of the front or back leaf of the capsule progress without changing the position of IOL inside the capsule bag due to contraction, along with fixation of KIKM, the fibrous front/back capsule is excised (method 2). The variant of complete removal of the fibrous capsule bag is used in faraway stages of CCS with further fixation of IOL to the iris (method 3).Results. The data of BCVA and IOP of patients treated by a certain method (before the operation, early postoperative period (2–5 days), delayed period (more than 4 years)) are presented.Conclusion. Surgical treatment of patients with CICB dislocation combining manifestations of Capsule contraction syndrome and weakness of the lens ligament apparatus can now be standardized using a proper approach and certain methods of treatment, but requires a comprehensive assessment of such parameters as the safety of the ligament apparatus, the localization and degree of fibrous changes of the anterior / posterior capsule, the contractional effect of the capsule bag fibrosis on the front position of the IOL optics and the correct location of the haptic elements, the severity of the ring.

Experience of using gene replacement therapy with Zolgensma® (onasemnogene abeparvovec) in real clinical practice in Russia

Objective: to analyze the safety and evaluate the effectiveness of therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec in patients with spinal muscular atrophy in real clinical practice based on the experience of using the drug in the neuromuscular center of Research Clinical Pediatric Institute of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.Materials and methods. Patients with spinal muscular atrophy received therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec based on the prescription of the drug according to vital indications by a council of physicians of Federal institutions (the availability of the drug was carried out within the framework of the MAP Program (global program of managed access MAP to AVXS-101 for eligible patients in countries, where it is not approved by regulatory authorities (NCT03955679), through funding from the charitable foundations, as well as through funding from the state fund “Circle of Kindness”. The drug tolerance was assessed and the analysis of side effects after drug administration was based on the criteria for adverse events (General criteria Adverse Event Terminology (CTCAE) v. 5.0) Patient motor function was assessed prior to treatment initiation and every 3–6 months after therapy using the Philadelphia Pediatric Hospital’s CHOP INTEND scale, total motor development based on Hammersmith Hospital Neurological Assessment Scale in Young Children, Part 2 (HINE-2), and the acquisition of new motor skills.Results. 41 children aged 5 to 47 months (weighing no more than 21 kg) received therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec in the period from April 2020 to December 2021. Adverse events (hyperthermia, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting) were registered in all patients with different degree of severity. Elevated levels of transaminases greater than 2 times the upper limit of the normal range were observed in 32 patients (78 %), thrombocytopenia in 9 patients (22 %). 15 patients (36 %) required a dose adjustment of corticosteroids.17 patients underwent assessment of motor scales after 6 months, 10 children were assessed after a year. The average improvement on the HINE-2 scale was 3.3 / 4.4 points, respectively. The average improvement on the CHOP INTEND Scale was 7.1 / 9.4 points after 6 / 12 months of therapy.Conclusion. The efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec have been demonstrated in real clinical practice in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy for children in different age groups with a body weight of no more than 21 kg.

Uloga laboratorijskih biomarkera u dijagnostici i praćenju pacijenata sa COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a highly transmittable and heterogenic infection of the respiratory tract, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations with a different degree of severity. Medical laboratories play an important role in early diagnosis and management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Indeed, the results of several laboratory tests are essential for assessing the severity of the disease, selecting appropriate therapeutic procedures and monitoring treatment response. Routine laboratory testing in COVID-19 patients includes biomarkers of acute phase reaction, hematological and biochemical parameters that indicate tissue injury. The aim of this review paper is to describe the role of these biomarkers in the diagnostics and management of adult and pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Modulation of ACE-2 mRNA by inflammatory cytokines in human thyroid cells: a pilot study

IntroductionAngiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) was demonstrated to be the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 mRNA was identified in several human tissues and recently also in thyroid cells in vitro.PurposeAim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the ACE-2 mRNA levels in human thyroid cells in primary cultures.MethodsPrimary thyroid cell cultures were treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α alone or in combination for 24 h. ACE-2 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. As a control, the levels of IFN-γ inducible chemokine (CXCL10) were measured in the respective cell culture supernatants.ResultsThe mean levels of ACE-2 mRNA increased after treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α in all the thyroid cell preparations, while the combination treatment did not consistently synergically increase ACE-2-mRNA. At difference, CXCL10 was consistently increased by IFN-γ and synergically further increased by the combination treatment with IFN-γ + TNF-α, with respect to IFN-γ alone.ConclusionsThe results of the present study show that IFN-γ and, to a lesser extent TNF-α consistently increase ACE-2 mRNA levels in NHT primary cultures. More interestingly, the combined stimulation (proven to be effective according to the synergic effect registered for CXCL10) produces different responses in terms of ACE-2 mRNA modulation. These results would suggest that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines could facilitate the entering of the virus in cells by further increasing ACE-2 expression and/or account for the different degree of severity of SARS-COV-2 infection. This hypothesis deserves to be confirmed by further specific studies.

Serum levels of total human Tau associated with axonal damage among severe malaria patients in Central India

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is abundant in the axonal part of neurons of the central nervous system. Previous studies among African children and Vietnamese adults suffering from cerebral malaria (CM) showed the pathological significance of measuring circulatory total Tau levels. A pilot investigation was carried out to better characterise neurological pathogenesis among severe malaria patients in Central India. Serum levels of total human Tau (pg/ml) were measured by ELISA following manufacturer guidelines among hospital admitted P. falciparum malaria patients classified with different degree of severity (mild malaria = MM, non-cerebral severe malaria = NCSM, cerebral malaria survivors = CM-S and cerebral malaria non-survivors = CM-NS) using WHO, 2000 definitions, including healthy controls (HC) enroled from the hospital's blood bank. Categorical and numerical variables were analysed by applying appropriate statistical test using Stata 11.0 software. A total of 139 subjects (14 HC, 25 MM, 29 NCSM, 44 CM-S and 27 CM-NS) were included in this preliminary investigation. Serum levels of total human Tau were detected in 0% HC, 4.0% MM, 20.7% NCSM, 43.2% CM-S and 48.2% CM-NS patients. Compared to MM, percent Tau detection was significantly higher among severe malaria patients (p = 0.001). Further, compared to NCSM,% Tau detection was significantly higher in CM-S patients (Chi2 = 3.9, p = 0.048) & CM-NS patients (Chi2 = 4.7, p = 0.030). Percent Tau detection was also significantly higher among severe malaria cases presenting with multiple complications compared to those without multiple complications (p = 0.006). ROC analysis of serum Tau levels (pg/ml) revealed a fair AUC value (0.75) to distinguish CM-NS group (but not CM-S) from NCSM group. In conclusion, serum percent detection of total human Tau is associated with axonal damage among patients with different degree of P. falciparum malaria severity in Central India.

ТРУДОВАЯ МОТИВАЦИЯ В ТЕРМИНАХ ТЕОРИИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТИ

Как известно (Е. П. Ильин, 2000), в процессе мотивационного процесса происходит формирование первичного мотива, связанного как с потребностями человека, так и с побуждениями к поисковой деятельности. В то же время возникают вопросы о том, что такое потребность и почему стимулируется поисковая деятельность. As it is known (E. P. Ilyin, 2000), in the course of motivational process there is a formation of primary motive connected both with needs of the person and with inducements to search activity. At the same time, questions arise as to what the need is and why search activity is stimulated. We see the answers to these questions as part of the theory of functional equivalence that we are developing. We believe that information, physical and chemical effects on the body should be equivalent to the sum of information, physical and chemical components of life activity transformed in the body and isolated from the body. In our opinion, the need is the development of imbalance of different degree of severity caused by the excess of information, physical and chemical factors formed in the process of life activity, which cannot be removed by the organism independently without the risk of significant consequences for the organism. Besides naturally arising imbalances in the organism, life in society proposes continuous formation of additional imbalances connected with various aspects of human family, labor and social duties.

Dependence of the periodontal state of individuals who were born macrosomic on their height-weight index at birth

The problem of long-term consequences of fetal macrosomia (birth weight greater than or equal to 4 kg), among which there are dental disorders, is urgent.Objective. To identify the features of the periodontal state of individuals in the City of Kharkiv and adjasent area (Ukraine) population, born with macrosomia according to their weight-height index at birth. The identification takes into account intrauterine obesity, or intrauterine well-balanced development, or pre-natally formed relative body weight insufficiency.A separate objective of this study is to determine qualitative and radio-morphometric indices as markers of the bone mineral density of the jaws in the individuals in the City of Kharkiv and adjasent area population, born macrosomic.Material and methods. During 2014–2019, two hundren and nineteen persons with different dental health conditions have been examined using clinical and radiological methods. One hundred and forty individuals between the ages of 11 and 55, who were born with macrosomia, constituted the Main Group, and seventy nine individuals of the same age, whose birth-weight parameters were normal (fetal normosomia), were assigned to the Comparison Group.Considering the weight-height parameters at birth, the participants included into the study were divided into subgroups. Considering the age of the participants included into the study, they were also divided into Age Periods.To indirectly determine the optical density of bone tissue the following two X-ray morphometric indices have been used: the mental index (MI) (A. Taguchi, 1995) and the Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) (B. W. Benson, 1991).In a straightforward manner, the density of the cortical and trabecular jawbone tissue was measured using an Easy Dent 3D Viewer CT scanner. The tomographic studies have been conducted with the cone-beam computer tomographs.Results. In macrosomic-at-birth persons with prenatal obesity, in the oral cavity in ontogeny, dystrophic-inflamatory changes arise, with prevalence of a dystrophic component, which are accompanied by destruction of periodontal tissue of different degree of severity, which is manifested by the atrophy of the alveolar processes and the recession of the gums, and which is accompanied by the appearance of wedge-shaped defects. The results of direct and indirect calculations of the optical density of the bone tissue in such persons indicate a significantly reduced density of the cortical layer of the bone tissue of the jaws, as compared to normosomic at birth persons.In macrosomic-at-birth persons with a well-balanced intrauterine development, as well as with a relative intrauterine insufficiency of body weight, in the later life, dystrophic-inflammatory changes arise in periodontal tissues with prevalence of an inflammatory component of different degree of severity. In such persons, a significantly reduced density of the trabecular tissue of the jaws has been revealed, as compared to the other participants in the study, in both the Main and Comparison Groups.Conclusions. In the course of the intrauterine period, a specific type of metabolism forms, which has a decisive influence on the formation of dental disorders in individuals born with macrosomia.

Infiltration of Lymphocytes and Mast Cells to Bladder Tissues in Experimental Models of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

Background: A different degree of severity of inflammation was detected in the bladder biopsy specimens; however, the cellular mechanisms of inflammation in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and the processes leading to tissue damage and fibrosis are not yet completely clear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the leukocyte and mast cell infiltration to the bladder tissue in various experimental models of IC/BPS. Methods: Various IC/BPS models have been generated using white New Zealand rabbits. Animals were divided into 4 groups depending on the type of the model: (1) The introduction of 0.5% HCl into the bladder; (2) The introduction of urine taken from the bladder into the wall of the bladder; (3) The introduction of 0.9% NaCl; (4) Intact animals. The number of cells in the tissues of the bladder was evaluated in points and histological analysis of the tissues of the bladder wall was performed. The analysis was carried out after 14 days of modeling. Results: Mast cells were determined only in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). In the 2nd group, developing necrosis and mixed inflammatory infiltration, giant, necrotic, multinucleated histiocytes were noted. In group 3, tissue edema and single scattered lymphocytes were noted. Conclusions: The association of high inflammatory cell infiltration in the chemical version of the IC/BPS model and mast cell infiltration with impaired bladder integrity has been established.

Оценка активности аденилатциклазы в тромбоцитах овец после внешнего воздействия гамма-излучения в различных дозах

The paper presents results of study of adenylate cyclase activity in the platelets after external whole-body gamma-irradiation of 32 tsigai rams (Ovis aries) with 2, 4 and 6 Gy, at the dose rate of 1 Gy/hour. The irradiation caused the development of acute radiation damage of a different degree of severity. To detect changes in the basal and prostoglandin E1 stimulated (PGE1-stimulated) adenylate cyclase activity thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out during the first 30 days of the damage development. After external -irradiation directly proportional effect of dose on changes in the basal adenylate cyclase activity in the platelets was registered on the 1 and the 7 days of the damage development, the changes in the PGE1-stimulated activity was registered on the 7 day. The study results allow making the suggestion that detected changes in the adenyl-ate cyclase activity in the platelets of irradiated rams may be resulted from the modification of cy-toplasmic cell membranes and impaired functioning of membrane-bound cAMP-sensitive signal-ing pathway. It may be also caused by new cells with qualitatively new properties released from the bone marrow megakaryocytes pool into the bloodstream.

Thymidine Phosphorylase Expression and Microvascular Density Correlation Analysis in Canine Mammary Tumor: Possible Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer.

Purpose: The thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of pyrimidines. Inhibition or downregulation of this enzyme causes accumulation of metabolites with consequences in DNA replication. TP regulates angiogenesis and chemotactic activity of endothelial cells. Different studies showed the presence of TP upregulation in human cancer but the correlation between TP expression and the microvascular density (MVD) in canine mammary tumors is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between the MVD and TP expression in tumor cells of canine mammary tumors of different degree of severity (G1–G3) by immunohistochemical analysis.Methods: Sixty-eight samples of spontaneous mammary neoplasia of 5–12 cm in diameter were collected from purebred and mixed-breed dogs (mean aged = 9.5 ± 7), not subject to chemotherapy treatments in veterinary clinics. Histopathological analysis and immunostaining were performed.Results: Carcinoma simple samples have been classified as 72.06% of tubule-papillary, 20.59% cysto-papillary, and 7.35% tubular carcinomas. Immunostainings revealed a marked cytoplasmic expression of TP in 30.88% of samples, mild in 32.35%, weaker in 22.07%, and negative in 14.70%. The correlation analysis and two-way ANOVA showed a linear correlation between MVD and TP with a coefficient of correlation (r) > 0.5 (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3. No correlation between variables was found in G1.Conclusions: These findings suggest that cytoplasmic TP overexpression is correlated with microvascular density in canine mammary tumors, in severe grade, and it can be a potential prognostic factor in breast cancer.

Influence of congenital heart disease-caused hypoxia on intrathymic development of t-lymphocytes in children of first year of life

Aim. To study the influence of hypoxia, caused by congenital heart disease, on the intrathymic development of T-lymphocytes and provision of the organism with T-cellular resource in children with cardiac pathology of different degree of severity.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of complex immunomorphological study of the thymus in children of the first year of life (n = 129) with congenital heart diseases. Hystochemical and immunological methods were used to assess the influence of congenital heart disease-caused hypoxia on the functional status of thymus regarding provision of a child with T-lymphocytes.&#x0D; Results. It was established that the degree of severity of congenital heart disease correlated with the degree of suppression of T-lymphocyte pool formation. During the first year of life, proliferative activity of thymocytes (assessed by Ki-67 expression) in the thymus falls, being the reason of decrease in the number of CD3+ thymocytes. In conditions of marked hypoxia (blue type of defect) the process of T-lymphocyte differentiation is inhibited that causes preservation of less mature forms of thymocytes. As a result, hypoxia is the reason of proliferation suppression and thymocyte differentiation, influencing subpopulation composition of the cells. Thus, insufficient quantity of thymic migrants enters the peripheral blood that confirms low functional activity of thymus regarding provision of the organism with T-cellular resource.&#x0D; Conclusions. No doubt, it can be the cause of immunodeficient state and reduced formation of adaptive immunity in this category of children.

Particular neurophysiological aspects of etiopathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis

Aim. To study the data of mathematical model of mismatch between the vertebral length and the spinal cord calculated length in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The paper presents the data on the calculated value of spinal cord and vertebral growth mismatch coefficient according to computed optic tomography and transcranial magnetic stimulation data in 46 adolescents, suffering from multiplane vertebral deformity of different degree of severity.&#x0D; Results. The obtained data confirm the theory of mismatch between the spinal cord and vertebral growth. It was shown that spinal cord growth is the process, which does not depend on patients age and length of vertebral column.&#x0D; Conclusions. There was constructed a mathematical 3D-model of link between the multiplane deformity severity, age and spinal cord and vertebral growth mismatch coefficient value, which can serve as a perceptive prognostic instrument in diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis.

Characteristic overview of aplastic anemia at Sanglah Hospital, Bali-Indonesia in 2017-2018

Background: Aplastic anemia is a rare disease of anemia which characterized by pancytopenia due to spinal cord hypoplasia. This can occur in people of any age, race, and gender with different degree of severity, with incidence rate is two until three times higher in Asia than the West. This study aims to determine the characteristic of aplastic anemia based on age, gender, laboratory examination, and severity in Sanglah Hospital.Methods: This research is a cross sectional descriptive study with sources of data were medical records of aplastic anemia patients at Sanglah Hospital in the last 2 years, 2017-2018. Distribution of research variables is gender, age, laboratory examination, and severity.Results:The result showed that 11 data were 6 (55%) male and 5 female (45%), with the mean age was 48 ± 14 years. The highest incidence occurred in the age range of 26-60 years old with 7 patients (64%). In this study the average hemoglobin level obtained was 9.94 ± 1.46 g/dL with range between 6.65 to 12.49 g/dL. The average number of leukocytes was 11.91 ± 24.52 x 109 L with range of leukocytes is 1.99-84.58 x 109/L. The average number of absolute Neutrophils and percent was 1.53 ± 1.52 x 109/L and 25.99 ± 25.79% with range between 0.06 – 4.53 x 109/L and 2.3 - 70.83%. The average platelet count was 24.77 ± 11.35 x 109/L with range between 4.25 – 42.58 x 109/L. The highest cases were nonsevere aplastic anemia (NSAA) with 7 people (64%).Conclusion: The value of laboratory parameters for complete blood examination (leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, and neutrophils) in patients with aplastic anemia at Sanglah General Hospital is still very low, so it is a challenge for clinicians to carry out treatment of aplastic anemia and management related complications.

Структурные изменения головного мозга у детей с черепно-мозговой травмой разной степени тяжести

Структурные изменения головного мозга у детей с черепно-мозговой травмой разной степени тяжести

Recurrent acute pancreatitis caused by duodenal duplication cyst in a young patient.

Duodenal duplication cyst is a rare congenital anomaly that develops during the embryonic stage and could remain unknown until the adult age. Although often asymptomatic, duodenal duplication cysts can lead to various clinical scenarios with different degree of severity, from nonspecific abdominal pain up to cholestasis, intussusception or pancreatitis.

Типологическая дифференциация задержки психического развития как инструмент современной образовательной практики

The article discusses and analyzes existing approaches to the typological differentiation of the polymorphic category of children with developmental delay (DD). The dependence of the grounds of each classification (typology) on the priority directions of scientific research at certain stages of the development of defectology and the demands of educational practice revealed. The main areas of application of various classifications and their limitations in solving the urgent problems of education of children with DD has shown. The author's approach to the typology of the DD, which involves determining the optimal educational route of the child and creating favorable educational conditions for him, is considered. The generalized criteria and parameters of differentiation of the category of children with DD by developmental options, different degree of severity, structure of mental disorders and resources of their compensation are presented. For the first time, when assessing the learning ability of a child with DD, a separate consideration of cognitive and motivational components is proposed. This correlates with the established differences in the quality of development of these components under different DD options and contributes to a more reasonable definition of priorities in building a program of psychological and pedagogical work with the child.

IS THE SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY FREE FROM GENDER MARKERS? (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD UNIVERSITIES)

Introduction:the Purpose of this article is to present the research carried out on the basis of Minin University. The research focused on the problem of the sensitivity of the academic space of the Russian University to gender aspects, as well as the identification of the degree of relevance of gender characteristics in the choice of communication strategies of Nizhny Novgorod students.Materials and methods:the main for the article were the works of domestic and foreign authors who approached the problem of "gender and education" from various positions (psychological, pedagogical, sociological). Taking into account these developments, the authors of the article developed a questionnaire and conducted a sociological study aimed at identifying the facts of gender asymmetry in the space of the University and tracking the degree of comfort of communication participants, if any.Results:the article presents the results of the primary analysis of empirical data. The survey, which was attended by students of three Nizhny Novgorod universities, showed a "complex" attitude of students to gender issues and their manifestations in social practices in General. The UNIVERSITY was interpreted by us as a sufficiently free communicative space, which, due to the solution of educational, professional and scientific problems, minimizes various social and morphological factors. The preliminary results of the study show that the walls of the University are not devoid of various forms and mechanics of gender discrimination. Different spheres of activity in the higher education space represent a different degree of severity of the gender imbalance: the business and professional relationships, as shown by the results, have a lower binding phenotype compared to friendly contacts. The results allow us to conclude that students perceive gender asymmetry as an integral and necessary component of modern culture.Discussion and conclusions:the primary analysis of the results of the study revealed significant contradictions in the minds of Russian students, in issues related to both gender identification and the description of the subjective attitude of being in a gender – sensitive space.

Exploring assistive technology as a potential beneficial intervention tool for people with Alzheimer&amp;rsquo;s disease &amp;ndash; a systematic review

Nowadays, due to the increase in the number of aging population groups, there is also a growth of aging diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is a progressive brain disorder that eventually results in death. At the moment, it cannot be cured, only its symptoms can be alleviated both by using pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in order to maintain and in some cases even enhance quality of life of people living with AD, as well as their caregivers. One of such non-pharmacological approaches is the use of assistive technology (AT), which can contribute to the improvement and maintenance of the quality of life of both patients and their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to explore what types of AT are mostly used by patients with AD and how these devices can help their caregivers. This was done by conducting a literature review of available sources found in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. The findings, apart from one study, reveal that AT may have the potential to maintain the quality of life of people with AD, especially in the early stages of the disease, as well as to mitigate the mental and physical burden of their caregivers. The most common types of AT for patients with AD are devices of daily living and safety devices. The less frequent are still telecare devices and devices to support engagement, social participation, and leisure. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of AT on the improvement of patients’ symptoms, as well as on the development and use of AT for social interactions, which can be used in patients with AD of different degree of severity and have a positive impact on their behavioral and psychological symptoms.