Different Categories Of Users Research Articles

Impact and consequences of CBDC development on monetary policy

The purpose of the paper is to identify the reasons for the implementation of CBDCs, to clarify their characteristics, differences and similarities with cybercurrencies, the opportunities they provide for different categories of users and the monetary policy of the state, as well as to identify the benefits and threats arising from their implementation and to identify the main opportunities to avoid the threats caused by the implementation of CBDCs. The methodological and theoretical basis of the paper is based on the scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists, analytical and statistical information on the impact of CBDC on society, the population, and the state’s monetary policy, as well as regulations created to regulate monetary policy. During the study, the methods of comparative and empirical analysis and synthesis, as well as a systematic approach were used. Digital technologies are part of progress, and they are gradually penetrating all areas of the economy. This process also has an impact on monetary policy through the introduction of new payment systems and mechanisms, as well as currencies. At the present stage, cybercurrencies have become widespread, and with it, many governments have begun to study or develop their own cybercurrencies – CBDCs. Such currencies can be retail, wholesale, and hybrid depending on their application. Along with a significant number of advantages that these currencies bring, they also have a number of disadvantages and possible threats to both users and the state’s monetary policy. The paper has led to the conclusion that by implementation of new technologies, it is important to maintain a balance between them and traditional financial instruments. It is also important to ensure that there is an alternative in case of emergencies and to avoid governments manipulating the population’s dependence on electronic money and the array of personal information associated with it.

A Web‐Based Architecture to Operationalize Geospatial Simulation Environments

AbstractLarge scale geospatial simulation projects require multidisciplinary efforts by actors with highly variable skills and domains of expertise. Subject matter experts, modelers, developers, analysts, and decision makers must collaborate closely to model a real‐world system, simulate it, analyze its results and disseminate them. Simulation environments, tailored to business scenarios, can provide the necessary support to facilitate their collaboration throughout the simulation lifecycle. Commercial modeling and simulation software can provide an environment to facilitate simulation studies for users but, they tend to be narrowly scoped. This research focuses on the different categories of users and introduces four business processes that carry those users across the simulation lifecycle. These concepts are translated into an architecture that facilitates the operationalization of geospatial simulation environments using modeling and simulation as a service and Discrete Event Systems Specification.

Subject-oriented comparison of different categories of users of the digital environment

The article is devoted to the study of indicators of subject-oriented comparison of communicants communicating in a digital environment. The propensity for social comparison is considered, on the one hand, as a general characteristic, on the other hand, it is shown that the focus on comparison may be different for those who communicate a lot and a little on social networks. To assess the overall orientation to social comparison, a Russian-language Questionnaire of Orientation to Social Comparison was used, a Scale of Comparison of physical appearance was used to assess orientation to comparison by appearance, an author’s questionnaire was used to differentiate respondents by different categories. The study involved 156 respondents of different ages. The main hypothesis was that there are differences in the severity of the propensity to compare between those who communicate a lot and a little online. It was found that the more time users spend on social networks and the younger they are, the more they have a general focus on inter- and intra-subject types of comparison and comparison of their appearance. It was revealed that the indicators of orientation to compare oneself with familiar people and to compare oneself in the present with oneself as the respondent could have been, but did not, statistically significantly differ in two categories of social network users: non-communicative respondents are more prone to such types of subject-oriented comparison than communicative respondents, and there are no differences between these groups in their orientation to compare themselves with other people in appearance.

Simplistic Graphic User Interface Design for Rendering Blockchain Data (A Case Study of Educational Administrative Domain)

Blockchain data is characterized by encryption which is usually aimed at securing the data itself from getting into wrong hands. However, this limits the readability of the data when there is a need to. Clarity and understanding are essential indicators of a usable system as a complex but functioning system is of no value to the user if the data are not presented in a simple readable format. A Graphic User Interface (GUI) with a simplistic design is presented to solve this problem by rendering only necessary blockchain data while considering supplementary details that are usually hidden. 5 blockchain scenarios are created for this purpose. The activities and potential data involved are clearly stated. The raw blockchain data on a high level are recorded in form of JavaScript Object Notification (JSON). Attention is given to supplementary details from the raw blockchain data while translating them into graphical form. Results were presented in three different forms (raw blockchain data, complex GUI, and the simplistic GUI) to different categories of users and their comments were compared and analyzed. Since human computer interaction is an essential factor in user’s readability, the GUI rendered in this work is an enhancement to the blockchain technology as seen in the result which shows the simplistic GUI as the best understood interface even by a novice among the three.

Scheduling of Industrial Control Traffic for Dynamic RAN Slicing with Distributed Massive MIMO

Industry 4.0, with its focus on flexibility and customizability, is pushing in the direction of wireless communication in future smart factories, in particular, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and its future evolution of large intelligent surfaces (LIS), which provide more reliable channel quality than previous technologies. At the same time, network slicing in 5G and beyond systems provides easier management of different categories of users and traffic, and a better basis for providing quality of service, especially for demanding use cases such as industrial control. In previous works, we have presented solutions for scheduling industrial control traffic in LIS and massive MIMO systems. We now consider the case of dynamic slicing in the radio access network, where we need to not only meet the stringent latency and reliability requirements of industrial control traffic, but also minimize the radio resources occupied by the network slice serving the control traffic, ensuring resources are available for lower-priority traffic slices. In this paper, we provide mixed-integer programming optimization formulations for radio resource usage minimization for dynamic network slicing. We tested our formulations in numerical experiments with varying traffic profiles and numbers of nodes, up to a maximum of 32 nodes. For all problem instances tested, we were able to calculate an optimal schedule within 1 s, making our approach feasible for use in real deployment scenarios.

РОЛЬ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО ПАСПОРТА В ИНФОРМИРОВАНИИ БИЗНЕСА О ТЕРРИТОРИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕГИОНОВ СИБИРСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА)

The article is devoted to the problem of a lack of a comprehensive source of information about the territory for investors. The possibilities of the investment passport in informing businesses about the territory are evaluated. The information requests of investors about the territory are determined on the basis of research by scientists-economists and business experts. The experience of existing investment passports in ten regions of the Siberian Federal District and the complex investment project "Yenisei Siberia" was analyzed. The list of quantitative and non-quantitative indicators of investment passports is compiled. The opportunities and weaknesses of statistical accounting in informing investors about the territory are shown. It is noted that in the regional statistics there are no indicators for the sections: natural resources, energy infrastructure, foreign economic activity, and existing investment projects and proposals. The article defines the composition of indicators of information about the territory that are necessary for the business community to make managerial decisions regarding the activities in the territory. It is proposed to include these indicators in the system of integrated reporting of the territory as a comprehensive source of information for different categories of users. Information for investors is classified by the territory's capitals: human, socio-infrastructural, natural, production and financial. The allocation of the territory's capitals is based on the International Fundamentals of Integrated Reporting. Reliable multifaceted information about the territory as part of integrated reporting will allow for long-term relations with investors.

Research on the classification and application of precision marketing based on big data e-commerce platforms

Abstract This paper proposes and improves the traditional K-means algorithm, utilizes the HC-Kmeans algorithm to deeply analyze the marketing status quo of the M e-commerce platform, and constructs the overall framework of precision marketing based on big data technology. The RFM model is used to measure customer value and segment customer behavior. Formulate marketing strategies that correspond to the consumption habits and preferences of different categories of users. The data from 40 consecutive days of observation is used to verify the precision marketing effect of the A/B testing method, and the final results show a good improvement in the click rate, order rate, payment rate, and order amount. During the Double Twelve Shopping Festival, compared with the traditional mode, the payment amount of M Company’s product recommendation increased by 64,604 yuan, and the order increased by 301 units, so the implementation of the precision marketing strategy was effective.

Libraries of Higher Education Institutions in the Prevalence of Open Science Practices

The aim of the article is to determine the state and directions for improving the implementation effectiveness of the open science concept in libraries of higher education institutions of Ukraine.
 Research methods. To achieve the set goal and solve the tasks, content analysis, systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization are used.
 Scientific novelty. On the basis of the formed sample of 12 libraries of Ukrainian higher education institutions (HEIs), the thematic range of electronic resources and services of institutional repositories is identified, as well as the methodical and regulatory support for their functioning is characterized. The article highlights peculiarities of implementing the basic principles of open science by libraries of Ukrainian HEIs, additionally, reveals the reserves for developing an open information space for scientists and education seekers.
 Main conclusions. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign researchers’ scientific works, the contribution of scholars to the formation of conceptual foundations of open science as a communication phenomenon, which is of key importance for the development of the digital society and knowledge society in total, is established. A number of priority tasks that need to be solved are formulated: improving the means of technological support for institutional repositories; providing libraries of HEIs with open access to subscribed resources and abstract bibliographic databases, as well as collections of digitized publications included in the State Register of National Cultural Heritage of Ukraine; providing educational materials in open access (disciplines programs, lectures notes, meetings protocols, didactic materials, etc.); elaborating and implementing a number of information, library and educational methodologies of scientific interaction with different categories of users. The significance of the resource potential of modern practices in HEIs libraries in prevalencing the achievements of open science is substantiated and summarized; the current state of implementing the open science concept in Ukrainian HEIs is determined. Prospects for further research include testing different aspects of the open access implementation; development of open science tools and services by HEIs libraries.

Bibliographical Subjects in the Scientific Work of Central Libraries of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

Bibliography is one of the main areas in the range of scientific specialties of the Higher Attestation Commission in section 5.10 “Art History and Cultural Studies”, specialty 5.4.10 “Library Science, Bibliography and Bibliology”. The article is devoted to the problem of reflecting bibliographic subjects in the scientific activities of the central libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to consider the problems of creating bibliographic resources, conducting applied scientific research on bibliographic topics and how trends in the development of bibliographic activities of libraries are presented in the publications of specialists. The author concludes that not only conducting bibliographic research itself, but also creating bibliographic resources of various types and genres is scientific work, and libraries rightfully account for their scientific activities by their creation.By carrying out activities to create bibliographic resources, libraries solve historical and cultural problems: preserving the cultural, historical and scientific heritage of the peoples of Russia through bibliography.Research activities to study systems for the formation of bibliographic resources in libraries of different types and for bibliographic services to different categories of users are actually bibliographic studies, they are aimed at improving bibliographic activities themselves. By conducting such research, bibliographers determine the prospects for the development of their activities.

How COVID-19 affects user interaction with online streaming service providers on twitter

The worldwide diffusion of COVID-19, declared pandemic in March 2020, has led to significant changes in people’s lifestyles and behavior, especially when it comes to the consumption of media and entertainment. Indeed, during this period, online streaming platforms have become the preferred providers of recreational content, whereas Online Social Networks proved to be the favorite place to find social connections while adhering to distancing measures. In the meantime, from the online Streaming Service Providers’ point of view, Online Social Networks have gained more and more importance both as valuable data sources for business intelligence and as connected and co-viewing platforms. This study starts from these considerations to explore the impact of COVID-19 on user interaction with Streaming Service Providers in Online Social Networks. In particular, our investigation focuses on the Twitter platform; by comparing several large datasets referring to different periods (i.e., before, during, and after COVID-19 emergence), we investigate interesting patterns and dynamics leveraging both Natural Language Processing and sentiment analysis techniques. Our data science campaign, and the main findings derived, adopts a peculiar perspective focusing on the different categories of users and Streaming Service Providers. The main objective of the analysis is to uncover the dynamics underlying the evolution of the interaction between people and businesses during the COVID-19 outbreak.

ICT for All: Where Do We Stand?

Although its importance is undeniable, designing in a more inclusive way is not yet fully adopted in the field of design and planning, whose reference continues to be the standard man. An approach which not only excludes people with disabilities, but also other categories that diverge from the physical and cognitive characteristics of the standard human model, such as women, the elderly, and children. This problem affects different contexts and can be observed especially in the area of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), which are often designed without taking into account the peculiarities that distinguish these categories of users. Referring to the categories affected by the digital divide, the article reflects on the need to promote specific methodologies, such as Universal Design and User-centered Design, so that attitudinal and psychological issues related to different categories of users are considered.

Investigating the potential of groundwater recycling as an alternative to groundwater trading in terms of resource efficiency

Water and in particular groundwater is undoubtedly a natural resource of fundamental importance to humanity. However, their limited availability and the large increase in demand observed in recent years call for its optimal management. In this context, tradable water rights systems and the circular economy of water, which promotes water recycling, are two concepts on which management policies towards sustainable and efficient water management can be based. This paper attempts to highlight the potential that a management policy based on the circular economy of water can have against a policy based on tradable water rights in terms of economic efficiency of the resource. Thus, the research hypothesis of this paper is that under certain conditions water recycling can lead to higher economic efficiency for the resource than water trading can. For this purpose, two time-dynamic models are formulated, one for each different management policy, concerning the pumping of water from an aquifer by two different categories of users, and the corresponding optimal control problems are solved. The results of the simulations based on hydro-economic data of a region in Northern Greece show that there is a high dependence of the efficiency of the water recycling system on the recycled water tariff. Thus, it is concluded that for charging prices up to and beyond 0.20€/m3 a management policy of an aquifer based on the concept of circular economy can lead to a higher economic efficiency of water.

Evaluation of Customer Value of Securities and Investments Companies Using Quantitative Analysis

This article focuses on user evaluation procedures for Chinese investment companies. It uses a clustering process to identify different categories of users and uses regression to evaluate and provide a score. These two factors serve as the basis for this organization to develop unique tactics for its various clients, which benefit both the company and its users. This project aims to serve existing customers better and reduce the risk of losing critical new customers. Clean the data to remove inactive accounts and outliers, and use logarithmic processing to limit the impact of high monetary values. This is due to the significant relationship between variables. Running algorithms on raw data is difficult. So, to condense many data dimensions, we use component analysis to define the three dimensions (amount, transaction amount, profit) that reflect consumer information. For clustering, we use the commonly known K-means clustering algorithm. Customers are classified into four categories using an angled approach. The four groups formed include the high trading frequency group, the large and profit group, the large and loss group, and the majority trading contract group. Use a regression Tree to perform regression based on reduced dimensions and their contributions. This model achieves 97% accuracy, indicating that the financial characteristics of the users are fundamental to the business. Additional discussion validates the clustering results using classification and regression methods on several contributing variables to provide further insight into each dimension.

A Resource Allocation Policy for Downlink Communication in Distributed IRS Aided Multiple-Input Single-Output Systems

As a technology for 6G wireless communications, Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRSs) are considered as a promising solution to boost the network capacity, spectrum and coverage in multiusers’ downlink communication systems. The users in blockage and cell edge areas can utilize this technology for data transfer purpose. In this paper, a machine learning-based policy optimization for downlink communication in distributed IRS aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems is proposed. Three categories of users are considered, namely, users who can utilize only the direct links, blockage area users who can utilize only the IRS links, and cell edge or poor link quality of users who can utilize both the direct and IRS links. The sum rate maximization problem is formulated to derive the optimal policy (i.e. communication link, IRS selection, power allocation and reflection coefficients) for those users, considering the IRS selection, link quality, power allocation and IRS reflection constraints. The proposed methods to achieve the optimal policy include reinforcement learning-based model with binary decision tree-based user categories, maximum posterior probability-based IRS selection, fractional programming method-based power and IRS coefficient allocation, and value function-based policy optimization. Through simulations, the sum data rate and energy efficiency performances of different categories of users are obtained and discussed.

Access and Use of Information Sources by Agricultural Researchers of Fadis and Mechara Agricultural Research Centers, Ethiopia

Access and use of information is required to improve agricultural production and productivity. Information is believed to be the foundation for improved agriculture. There are different sources of information but what matters are ‘what’ sources are available and relevant to the different categories of users and what sources of information are useful for their different seeking behavior, and mainly for utilization in order to accomplish tasks/needs. This study was conducted to assess the access and use of information sources by agricultural researchers in Fadis and Mechara Agricultural Research Centers of Ethiopia. The went further to identify how researchers search, articulate and utilize the information sources. Questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and focus group discussion and observation were used to qualitative data from the entire researchers of the two Research Center. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and triangulation respectively. Findings revealed that majority of researchers have physical access to computer in office while some of the researchers have no computer access even in office. The available computers are not fully functional because of the absence of skilled ICT person who maintain the damaged computer at the centers. The use of internet and library visit is not adequate in the study areas thereby led to minimum satisfaction to existing information services. The study therefore recommended that effort should be made to train specialists to keep the available information sources effective and efficient so as to improve information access and utilization.

Investigating factors that affect perceived quality of service on pedestrians-cyclists shared infrastructure

Shared spaces and in particular pedestrians-cyclists shared infrastructures are commonly implemented in many modern cities. The co-existence of different categories of users creates several challenges that need to be addressed, while it is essential to identify which factors affect the quality of service (QOS) that both pedestrians and cyclists perceive when using such infrastructures. For this purpose, a theoretical hypothesis was formed and it was investigated through structural equation modeling (SEM), based on data from 5 shared infrastructures in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. The results show that the qualitative attributes that are closely linked with the infrastructure have a great impact both on pedestrians’ and cyclists’ perceived QOS. More specifically, the pavement quality is essential for both road user categories, while cyclists consider also urban equipment, lighting and traffic signals to be very important. Moreover, users’ demographic characteristics and cyclists’ previous experience from shared infrastructures significantly affects their perceptions. Finally, cyclists’ behavior in shared infrastructures has an impact on the QOS that both pedestrians and cyclists perceive. The findings of this paper pave the way for a more holistic assessment of pedestrians-cyclists shared infrastructures and provide guidance in researchers and practitioners for designing and managing infrastructures that meet users’ needs.

Understanding Continued Use Intention of AI Assistants

ABSTRACT In recent years, smart home assistants have been used by a large number of people due to their simple, hands-free, voice-based operation. To ensure the long-term success and widespread dissemination of a product, it is important to evaluate its continued use. This study is mainly based on uses and gratifications theory to explore the relationship between the initial use of, gratification provided by, and continued use intention of smart home assistants, and to analyze differences in use by different age groups. The results confirm that different types of SHAs use lead to different levels of gratification in different categories. And gratification of different categories of users has a significant positive impact on the continued use intention. In addition, significant differences exist in the impact path of using smart home assistants to alleviate loneliness, among different age groups.

Pedestrian Safety in Dhaka Mega City of Bangladesh: Behaviour, Attitude and Risk Perception

Pedestrians are always the most vulnerable road victims in terms of crash involvement. In low-motorized developing countries like Bangladesh, this problem is disproportionately higher, particularly in an urban setting. Therefore, there is a need to develop a pragmatic strategy to arrest this problem with a proper understanding of their behavior, attitude, and perception. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the risk perception, attitude, and behavior of pedestrians. A comprehensive questionnaire survey enabled the collection of pedestrian behavior, attitude, and risk perception data, which included different categories of users. From this analysis, it is evident that perception and attitude are closely related, and in most cases that is very positive. However, there is a huge gap between perception, attitude, and behavior. Many respondents have proven their accurate feelings, right understanding, or belief, but their behavior represents differently. The paper elaborates on these two confronting issues with the evidence and concludes with potential implications for improving pedestrian safety. Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 117-125

Assessing inclusivity in online platforms through usability evaluation with Google Analytics

AbstractAs online platforms are swiftly becoming a dominant interface of government–citizen interactions, it is crucial that these platforms are inclusive. This article considers the potential of using digital trace data for assessing inclusivity in online platforms. Given that Google Analytics (GA) is a popular tool for collecting and analyzing digital trace data, this article asks to what extent GA is useful in usability evaluation for assessing inclusivity. This article reports on a case study in which GA was used for the usability evaluation of an online participation platform of a local government in The Netherlands. The usability evaluation via GA highlights that the platform was less inclusive toward two categories of users, namely, mobile users and users who access the platform via social media or referral. We conclude that GA is helpful for assessing inclusivity in online government platforms, particularly to the extent that it can be used to monitor whether there are differences in usability for different categories of users. Shortcomings of GA are that it gives limited insights into underlying reasons for identified behavioral patterns, that data quality can be compromised, and that functionalities of GA are restricted based on privacy or legal considerations.

User involvement in ageing and health research: a survey of researchers’ and older adults’ perspectives

BackgroundUser involvement in research has rapidly increased and is often a precondition to obtain research funding. Benefits such as effectiveness and increased relevance of research are described in the literature, but the evidence to support this is weak. Little is known about ageing and health researchers’ experiences and perspectives towards user involvement in research, and their attitudes towards user involvement compared to the attitudes of the users involved are largely unknown. To examine researchers’ experiences and perspectives of user involvement in research on ageing and health, and to compare their attitudes towards user involvement to the attitudes of older adults in the general population.MethodsA panel study survey was used to elicit responses from researchers in ageing and health as well as from older adults (aged 60 years and older). The researcher sample (N = 64) completed the survey online, while the older adult sample (N = 881) could choose among three different options to complete the survey (online, paper format, telephone). A professional survey company collected the data. Descriptive statistics, exploratory comparisons and descriptive qualitative content analysis were used to analyse the data.ResultsMore than half (58%) of the researchers had previous experience of involving different categories of users in a wide range of research activities. The most frequent motivation for involving users was to ensure that the research produced is relevant to the target population. A majority (86%) reported benefits, and more than half (59%) described challenges. Differences in attitudes were found between researchers and older adults in the general population.ConclusionsAgeing and health researchers involve users in their research to improve quality and ensure relevance, but there is no consensus among them whether users should be involved in publicly funded research. While several challenges were identified, training, institutional support and resources from funders could alleviate many of these. Findings reveal significant differences in attitudes between older adults in the general population and researchers. Further research with comparable larger samples is needed to confirm and understand the possible consequences such controversy might have and how to solve them.IRRID (International Registered Report Identifier): RR2-10.2196/17759.