Differences In Speed Research Articles

Interfacility Transfer of Pediatric Supracondylar Elbow Fractures: Transfer by Ambulance Shows No Advantage in Speed of Transfer or Prevention of Complications.

The treatment of supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures is increasingly centralized in tertiary centers. Interfacility transfer from other facilities may occur by ground ambulance or privately owned vehicle (POV). The objective of this study was to determine if interfacility transfer by POV is equivalent in transfer time and perioperative complications compared with ground ambulance. This was a single-institution, retrospective study of SCH fractures with an intact pulse transferred by POV or ground ambulance. Transfer time points were collected to determine transfer time and speed. Associated injuries of ipsilateral fracture, skin at risk, and motor nerve palsy were recorded from orthopaedic documentation at the presentation. Insurance status and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) were used as measures of socioeconomic disparity. 676 "urgent" Type III, IV, and flexion type SCH fractures and 167 "nonurgent" Type II SCH fractures were transferred by ambulance or POV. Open reduction was similar between urgent transfers transported by ambulance or POV (10% vs. 9%, P=0.344). There was no difference in transfer time (P=0.391) or transfer speed (P=0.416) between transfer groups. POV transfers were independently associated with no skin at risk (OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3-3.3, P=0.003), neurovascularly intact (OR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4-4.4, P=0.001), and patients in the low (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.5, P=0.041) and moderate deprivation (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.5, P=0.034) compared with the high deprivation group. Medicaid insurance was associated with a lower odds ratio of private transport compared with commercial insurance (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.38-0.76, P=<0.001). Interfacility transfer of nonemergent SCH fractures by privately owned vehicles has a similar speed of transfer and perioperative complication rate to transfer by ground ambulance. Our findings allow the triaging of nonemergent SCH fractures for potential interfacility transfer by privately owned vehicles and bring attention to disparities in interfacility transfer methods. Level III- Retrospective cohort study.

Developing of Thesis Guidance Learning Media Using The Five Stage Model (MANTAP) in French Language Study Program

The COVID-19 pandemic has been proven to have a significant impact on changes in various aspects of human life, including education. One group that is specifically affected is final semester students who face challenges in the thesis preparation process due to the large-scale social restriction (PSBB) policy in Indonesia. With limited social interaction and face- to-face learning, the thesis guidance process becomes more complex, increasing the psychological and academic burden for students. including the thesis supervision process for French Language Students at Medan State University. As an alternative solution, research was carried out by examining the use of GitHub as a cloud storage medium and Telegram as a communication platform to speed up the thesis guidance process, where when students make corrective changes to the thesis files contained in Github, the lecturer will automatically get the information via notification on Telegram. This research uses the MANTAP model in system development, where the results of each stage will become input for the next stage so that the process of improving each other occurs. The test results of the real-time notification system show that the notification messages to lecturers and students are completely accurate, namely 100%, meaning that every change made to the thesis file on Github will be notified automatically by Telegram. Apart from that, from measuring the system response time with 2 scenarios, it was found that the average response time was very good based on QoS (Quality of Service) standards, namely 0.47 ms for scenario 1 and 0.82 ms for scenario 2, this difference is the average response time for scenario 1 and scenario 2 This occurs due to differences in internet speed for each collabator which has an impact on differences in response time obtained.

A Novel Meta-Heuristic Algorithm Based on Birch Succession in the Optimization of an Electric Drive with a Flexible Shaft

The paper presents the application of a new bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm. The popularity and usability of different swarm-based metaheuristic algorithms are undeniable. The majority of known algorithms mimic the hunting behavior of animals. However, the current approach does not satisfy the full bio-diversity inspiration among different organisms. Thus, the Birch-inspired Optimization Algorithm (BiOA) is proposed as a powerful and efficient tool based on the pioneering behavior of one of the most common tree species. Birch trees are known for their superiority over other species in overgrowing and spreading across unrestricted terrains. The proposed two-step algorithm reproduces both the seed transport and plant development. A detailed description and the mathematical model of the algorithm are given. The discussion and examination of the influence of the parameters on efficiency are also provided in detail. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, its application to selecting the parameters of the control structure of a drive system with an elastic connection is shown. A structure with a PI controller and two additional feedbacks on the torque and speed difference between the drive motor and the working machine was selected. A system with rated and variable parameters is considered. The theoretical considerations and the simulation study were verified on a laboratory stand.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Guru dalam Membuat Instrumen Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi

Empowering groups of teachers in creating differentiated learning instruments can provide effective and meaningful learning experiences for each student, considering differences in abilities, learning speed, interests, learning styles and communication styles of each student. With differentiated learning, teachers can accommodate the needs of students who differ between individuals, which has implications for creating equal rights for students in the classroom during learning. The urgency of empowering this group of teachers is that each teacher must be able to apply differentiated learning in the classroom so that students can reach their maximum potential and be motivated in the learning process.

The Exosomes of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Suppress Inflammation in Osteoarthritis.

Hyaluronic acid injection is commonly used clinically to slow down the development of osteoarthritis (OA). A newly developed therapeutic method is to implant chondrocytes/stem cells to regenerate cartilage in the body. The curative effect of stem cell therapy has been proven to come from the paracrine of stem cells. In this study, exosomes secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and hyaluronic acid were used individually to evaluate the therapeutic effect in slowing down OA. SHED was cultured in a serum-free medium for three days, and the supernatant was collected and then centrifuged with a speed difference to obtain exosomes containing CD9 and CD63 markers, with an average particle size of 154.1 nm. SW1353 cells were stimulated with IL-1β to produce the inflammatory characteristics of OA and then treated with 40 μg/mL exosomes and hyaluronic acid individually. The results showed that the exosomes successfully inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, NO, COX-2 and PGE2, induced by IL-1β and the degrading enzyme of the extrachondral matrix (MMP-13). Collagen II and ACAN, the main components of the extrachondral matrix, were also increased by 1.76-fold and 2.98-fold, respectively, after treatment, which were similar to that of the normal joints. The effect can be attributed to the partial mediation of SHED exosomes to the NF-κB pathway, and the ability of exosomes to inhibit OA is found not inferior to that of hyaluronic acid.

Structural Design and Analysis of Multi-Directional Foot Mobile Robot

Traditional mobile robots have limited mobility in complex terrain environments. Generally, the closed-chain leg structure of a foot-type robot relies on the speed difference to turn, but it is difficult to complete the turning action in narrow spaces. Therefore, this study proposes a closed-chain foot-type robot that can move in multiple directions, inspired by the WATT-I leg structure. Firstly, the closed-chain single-leg structure is designed, and the leg structure is analyzed in terms of the degrees of freedom, kinematics, and singularity. A simulation is also carried out. Secondly, based on the present trajectory, a heuristic algorithm is used to solve the inverse trajectory problem, and the size of the mechanism is optimized. Finally, the steering mechanism of the leg with a zero turning radius is designed and analyzed, which achieves the steering function of the whole robot and satisfies the goal of enabling the foot robot to walk in all directions. This study provides theoretical guidance for the structural dimension optimization of the proposed foot mobile robot and its application in engineering fields such as rescue, exploration, and the military.

Adaptive QSMO-Based Sensorless Drive for IPM Motor with NN-Based Transient Position Error Compensation

In commercial electrical equipment, the popular sensorless drive scheme for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, based on the quasi-sliding mode observer (QSMO) and phase-locked loop (PLL), still faces challenges such as position errors and limited applicability across a wide speed range. To address these problems, this paper analyzes the frequency domain model of the QSMO. A QSMO-based parameter adaptation method is proposed to adjust the boundary layer and widen the speed operating range, considering the QSMO bandwidth. A QSMO-based phase lag compensation method is proposed to mitigate steady-state position errors, considering the QSMO phase lag. Then, the PLL model is analyzed to select the estimated speed difference for transient position error compensation. Specifically, a transient position error compensator based on a feedback time delay neural network (FB-TDNN) is proposed. Based on the back propagation learning algorithm, the specific structure and optimal parameters of the FB-TDNN are determined during the offline training process. The proposed parameter adaptation method and two position error compensation methods were validated through simulations in simulated wide-speed operation scenarios, including sudden speed changes. Overall, the proposed scheme fully mitigates steady-state position errors, substantially mitigates transient position errors, and exhibits good stability across a wide speed range.

Exploring optimization strategies for support vector machine-based half-cell potential prediction

PurposeThis study aims to assess support vector machine (SVM) models' predictive ability to estimate half-cell potential (HCP) values from input parameters by using Bayesian optimization, grid search and random search.Design/methodology/approachA data set with 1,134 rows and 6 columns is used for principal component analysis (PCA) to minimize dimensionality and preserve 95% of explained variance. HCP is output from temperature, age, relative humidity, X and Y lengths. Root mean square error (RMSE), R-squared, mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error, prediction speed and training time are used to measure model effectiveness. SHAPLEY analysis is also executed.FindingsThe study reveals variations in predictive performance across different optimization methods, with RMSE values ranging from 18.365 to 30.205 and R-squared values spanning from 0.88 to 0.96. Additionally, differences in training times, prediction speeds and model complexities are observed, highlighting the trade-offs between model accuracy and computational efficiency.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of SVM model efficacy in HCP prediction, emphasizing the importance of optimization techniques, model complexity and dimensionality reduction methods such as PCA.

Comparison of Tornado Damage Characteristics to Low-Altitude WSR-88D Radar Observations and Implications for Tornado Intensity Estimation

Abstract Given the obvious difficulties in directly sampling tornadic wind fields, ongoing work continues to improve estimates of near-ground wind speeds in tornadoes. This study builds upon a recently proposed empirical relationship between radar-observed velocities in the lowest 150 m above ground level (AGL) and the theoretical peak 15-m AGL wind speed. We create and analyze a dataset of 194 velocity observations within tornadoes in the lowest 150 m AGL. These observations are drawn from 105 individual tornadoes that occurred across a diverse range of EF-scale ratings (EF0–4), convective modes (discrete supercell and quasi-linear convective system), geographical regions, and housing unit densities (HUDs). Comparing the radar-estimated and damage-estimated tornado wind speeds, and corresponding EF- and F-scale ratings, is the primary focus of the ensuing analysis. Consistent with recent work, damage-estimated tornado wind speeds tend to be lower than radar-estimated near-surface wind speeds, especially for stronger tornadoes. Damage- and radar-estimated wind speed differences are not strongly related to the availability of damage indicators (as measured by HUD). While some relationship exists—particularly underestimates of peak wind speeds for strong–violent tornadoes in low HUD areas—the tendency of radar-based strong/violent tornado intensity estimates to be meaningfully higher than EF-scale-based damage estimates exists across the HUD spectrum. The legacy F-scale wind speed ranges may ultimately provide a better estimate of peak tornado wind speeds at 10–15 m AGL for strong–violent tornadoes and a better damage-based intensity rating for all tornadoes. These results are contextualized with regard to ongoing community efforts to improve tornado intensity estimation. Significance Statement Due to the numerous difficulties in collecting direct observations of tornado wind speeds, we compare methods that are used to estimate near-ground wind speeds using both radar measurements of wind speeds aloft and damage. Our results show that 1) the damage-estimated intensities of stronger tornadoes are more likely to be underestimates of true wind speeds than weaker tornadoes based on radar observations, 2) this bias is present for tornadoes that occur in more built-up areas as well as more sparsely populated ones, and 3) the legacy Fujita scale may provide better wind speed estimates in stronger tornadoes. These findings contribute to community-wide efforts to improve damage-based estimates of peak tornado wind speeds.

A Sustainable Approach to How Roadway Recognition Affects Drivers’ Speed Choice

Previous research has reported that driving on a familiar roadway can influence speed choice. However, the findings have not been extensively discussed in simulated environments, which are frequently used for assessments of driving behavior and traffic safety. This study assesses the effects of familiar roadways on drivers’ speed behavior in a driving simulator environment. During testing, 120 individuals drove through two blocks of four scenarios, each representing a real stretch of a mountainous Brazilian highway, with differences among the scenarios in advisory signs but with the same regulated speed. The participants could drive during the first, second, third, or fourth round, as established by random sorting. Afterwards, a Kruskal–Wallis Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was applied to search for significant differences in average speed between the rounds and scenarios. The results showed no significant differences in average speed (p-value &lt; 0.05; α = 0.05); moreover, the drivers’ ability and time licensed were not necessarily correlated with average speed, supporting future research with repeated scenarios towards maximizing the sample’s utility for speed analysis in driving simulators.

A physical explanation for an unusually long-duration slow slip event in the Nankai Trough

The Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) and the Long Term Borehole Monitoring System (LTBMS), installed above the source region of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake, revealed that crustal deformation is driven by slow slip events (SSEs) in the shallower extension of megathrust earthquakes. However, there are unresolved questions about (A) the duration of the SSE in February 2012, which was longer than expected for SSEs with similar magnitudes, and (B) the relationship of the spatial distribution of fault slip between the SSEs in February and December 2012 under the condition of drilling disturbance. To clarify these questions, we re-analyzed the pore/seafloor pressure data associated with the SSEs. Our refined fault models show that the SSE in February had a significantly slower propagation speed and a longer duration than others, while the SSE in December was comparable to others. We interpret that the difference in duration and propagation speed is related to external and internal stress perturbations, respectively. Using the ocean modeling JCOPE (Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment), we identified that the decrease and subsequent increase in seafloor pressure due to the passage of the Kuroshio meander coincided with the latter part of the longer duration of the SSE in February and its termination, respectively. This suggests that the Kuroshio meander might affect the duration of SSEs. Our refined fault model also indicates that the amount of shear stress accumulation was small before the occurrence of the SSE in February, which triggered the slow propagation of aseismic slip based on a rate- and state-dependent friction law. These results imply that we need to consider the variety of SSEs from the viewpoint of stress perturbation due to not only interaction between fault segments but also external forces from oceanographic phenomena.

Subsea pipeline inspection gauges fluctuating friction control under time-varying disturbance

To suppress friction fluctuations during the operation of a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) and to avoid speed deviations, which may lead to poor detection accuracy and jamming, an adaptive backstepping controller with improved unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the friction model was derived, and based on this, the nonlinear dynamic model of PIG was established. Then, an adaptive backstepping controller was designed to estimate the dynamic parameters of the system and stabilize the operating velocity of the PIG by controlling the friction, and adaptive noise based UKF was applied to obtain more accurate feedback estimated signals to deal with the time-varying disturbances in the environment. An active control PIG prototype and a pipeline experimental platform was built, and experiments were conducted under various conditions. Under all conditions, compared to the uncontrolled system, the proposed control strategy can reduce the fluctuation range of friction values by more than 59%, reduce the velocity fluctuation range by more than 88%, and maintain the velocity control error within 4%. Compared to the other controllers, the proposed controller demonstrated better performance in terms of control precision and robustness, verifying the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed controller.

Simulation and Analysis of Pressure Waves in Flow Channels of Axial and Radial Gas Wave Ejectors

Introduction: As an efficient energy transfer technology, the gas wave ejector (GWE) holds several patents poised to address the challenges of low-carbon energy. These patents find applications in numerous fields. Traditional axial-flow GWE patents encounter limitations under certain application conditions, whereas radial-flow GWE patents offer an effective solution to these issues. However, the mechanisms behind the performance differences between these two types of GWEs have not yet been studied. Objective: Since pressure waves are central to energy transfer in wave rotors, this study analyzes the coupling effects of centrifugal forces and pressure waves. By examining the differences in pressure wave intensity and propagation velocity within two types of wave rotor channels, the mechanisms underlying the performance disparities are elucidated. Method: Fluent was utilized for numerical simulations, and Response Surface Methodology was employed to model the influence of various factors. Result and Discussion: It can be observed that the propagation velocity and intensity of pressure waves changed under the influence of centrifugal forces. The propagation velocities of S1 and E2, which propagate in the same direction as the fluid flow within the rotor, increase 9% and 32% respectively, whereas the propagation speed of E1, which propagates in the opposite direction of the fluid flow, decreases 15%. Regarding the intensity of each pressure wave, the coupling effect of centrifugal force resulted in an increase of 1.04 to 2.55 kPa. This paper is the first to fit a relational expression for the speed differential of pressure wave propagation within axial and radial flow channels, correlating the main pressure wave velocities (S1, E1, E2) with flow channel length, rotational speed, compression ratio, and expansion ratio, thus providing a reference for GWE design and analysis. Through analysis of variance and significance tests, it is evident that each parameter significantly contributes to the fitting degree of the pressure wave propagation velocity difference (p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the inadequacy test (F-value=2.36~3.56) suggests a low level of discrepancy. Conclusion: The fundamental reason for the performance disparity between the two types of gas wave ejectors (GWE) lies in the discrepancies in pressure wave intensity and propagation velocity resulting from centrifugal force effects. Based on the fitted relationships, theoretical foundations can be provided for subsequent wave rotor design and performance analysis. For example, the differences in pressure wave propagation speed can inform the design and analysis of corresponding pressure ports.

Insights on the Selection of the Coefficient of Variation to Assess Speed Fluctuation in Swimming.

The aim of this study was to compare swimming speed and speed fluctuations in front crawl between swimmers of different performance levels using discrete variables against statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The sample was composed of 34 male swimmers divided into three groups: (i) group #1-recreational swimmers; (ii) group #2-competitive swimmers aged 12 to 14 years; (iii) group #3-competitive swimmers aged 15 to 17 years. Swimming speed and speed fluctuations (calculated based on four different conditions) were used as discrete variables. Using these discrete variables, ANOVA one-way was used to verify differences between groups, and Bonferroni post-hoc correction for pairwise comparison whenever suitable. SPM (with similar statistical tests) was used to analyze the swimming speed and fluctuation as a continuous variable. Overall, both statistical approaches revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) in swimming speed and speed fluctuations. However, as discrete variables (in four different conditions), the speed fluctuation was not able to detect significant differences between groups #2 and #3. Conversely, SPM was more sensitive and did yield significant differences between these two groups. Therefore, researchers and coaches should be aware that the speed fluctuation as a discrete variable may not identify differences in swimming speed fluctuations when the average value between groups is marginal. On the other hand, SPM was more sensitive in analyzing all groups.

A Highway Monitoring Necessity Grading Method Considering Traffic State Stability

In order to meet the basic requirements of expressway operation and maintenance management in the new era,refine the monitoring requirements of different expressway sections,and maximize the operation benefit of expressway monitoring system,this paper puts forward the stability of traffic state related to overtaking frequency,speed difference and traffic fluctuation at the entrance and exit,and obtains the grading detection method of expressway through entropy method and global Moran index,which provides a basis for optimizing monitoring and improving road safety.

Assessment of Transient Stability Indicators with the Integration of Wind Power: a Simultaneous Approach

The energy transition relies on the integration of non-conventional renewable energy sources. These disruptive technological developments alter the functioning and operation of the electric power system. This paper examines the impacts of wind power on transient stability indicators of the power system,using an implicit formulation and the nine-bus test system. The research findings indicate that transient stability indicators are sensitive to the location and duration of faults. Furthermore, there is an observed trend of increasing maximum rotor speed deviation and oscillation duration, indicating reduced stability margins.

Effects of acupuncture combined with trunk strengthening training on balance and gait abilities in stroke hemiplegic patients.

This study aimed to observe the effects of acupuncture combined with trunk strengthening training on balance and gait abilities in stroke hemiplegic patients. Sixty stroke hemiplegic patients were selected and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation training and trunk strengthening exercises, while the treatment group received acupuncture in addition to the same interventions. Before and after 8 weeks of treatment, patients were assessed using the Holden Functional Ambulation Categories and Berg Balance Scale, and measurements were taken for step length, step width, and gait speed. Prior to treatment, there were no significant differences in Holden scores, Berg scores, step length, step width, or gait speed between the 2 groups (P > .05). After 8 weeks of treatment, significant improvements were observed in the aforementioned parameters in both groups (P < .05), with the acupuncture group showing significantly greater improvement compared to the control group (P < .05). Acupuncture combined with trunk strengthening training can significantly improve balance and gait impairments in stroke hemiplegic patients.

Does a Standardized Load Carriage Increase Spatiotemporal Gait Asymmetries in Police Recruits? A Population-based Study.

Although the effects of carrying loads on gait biomechanics have been well-documented, to date, little evidence has been provided whether such loads may impact spatial and temporal gait asymmetries under the different foot regions. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to examine the effects of carrying a standardized police equipment on spatiotemporal gait parameters. In this population-based study, participants were 845 first-year police recruits (age: 21.2 ± 2.3 years; height: 178.1 ± 10.2 cm; weight: 78.4 ± 11.3 kg; body mass index: 24.7 ± 3.2 kg/m2; 609 men and 236 women; 72.1% men and 27.9% women) measured in 2 conditions: (i) "no load" and (ii) "a 3.5 kg load." Spatiotemporal gait parameters were derived from the FDM Zebris pressure platform. Asymmetry was calculated as (xright-xleft)/0.5*(xright + xleft)*100%, where "x" represented a given parameter being calculated and a value closer to 0 denoted greater symmetry. When compared to "no load" condition, a standardized 3.5 kg/7.7 lb load significantly increased asymmetries in spatial gait parameters as follows: gait phases of stance (mean diff. = 1.05), load response (mean diff. = 0.31), single limb support (mean diff. = 0.56), pre-swing (mean diff. = 0.22), and swing (mean diff. = 0.90) phase, while no significant asymmetries in foot rotation, step, and stride length were observed. For temporal gait parameters, we observed significant asymmetries in step time (mean diff. = -0.01), while no differences in cadence and gait speed were shown. The findings indicate that the additional load of 3.5 kg/7.7 lb is more likely to increase asymmetries in spatial gait cycle components, opposed to temporal parameters. Thus, external police load may have hazardous effects in increasing overall body asymmetry, which may lead to a higher injury risk and a decreased performance for completing specific everyday tasks.

A preliminary investigation of sex differences in cognitive and fMRI changes following 28 days of cannabis abstinence

BackgroundPrevious studies have investigated the influence of cannabis on cognition among people with MS (pwMS), yet the influence of sex in the context of cannabis use remains unexplored. We aim to fill this gap by investigating cannabis-sex related differences in verbal learning, memory and processing speed in association with fMRI (resting state, and task-based) metrics. MethodOur sample consisted of 19 long-term, frequent cannabis users (8 males, 11 females). Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 28 days of cannabis abstinence. The tests included measures of verbal memory (Selective Reminding Test (SRT)), working memory (n-back), information processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)) and the resting state DMN. To evaluate the effects of cannabis abstinence, we performed a group x time interaction analysis using repeated measures ANCOVA. This analysis controlled for several covariates, including the level of disability (EDSS), baseline cannabis THC metabolite levels, and cannabis withdrawal symptoms. By controlling for these variables, we aimed to isolate the impact of cannabis abstinence on cognitive performance over time. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. ResultsThere were no baseline cognitive differences between the sexes. After 28 days of cannabis abstinence, females performed better on the Selective Reminding Test (SRT) (p = 0.04), with a large effect size (η² = 0.286). The mean correct response improved over time for females, but there was no statistically significant group x time interaction on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the n-back task. Resting state default mode network data showed overall increased activation in females relative to males at day 28, which meshed with lower brain activation during task-based fMRI paradigms. ConclusionCannabis negated sex-based cognitive differences. Functional MRI task-based paradigms revealed less cerebral activation in females compared to males, which was associated with comparable or better cognitive performance in females, particularly after cannabis abstinence.

Meteorological regime of the Elbrus high-mountain zone during the accumulation period

Unique automated meteorological observations were carried out on the southern slope of Elbrus, near Pastukhov Rocks, at 4700 m a.s.l., during the 2021–2022 accumulation season. Data were obtained on air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, snowdrift and radiation fluxes with a temporal resolution of 1 minute or less. Analysis of the data series showed that the representative winter air temperature at this altitude on the southern slope of Elbrus is –10 °С, and the minimum is –36.4 °С; the partial pressure of water vapor does not exceed 3.5 hPa. At the same time, the average daily maximum of wind speed amounted 13.1 m s–1 with the absolute maximum of 54.1 m/s. Snowstorms with a snow transport intensity of more 0.1 kg/m2s–1 are quite common phenomenon in winter, while the maximum average value of the transport reaches 0.87 kg/m2s–1. An empirical relationship was established between the average hourly wind speed and the maximum gust speed for the same period, and it was shown that for these conditions the wind gust exceeds the average hourly wind speed by 1.8 times, while the representative value of the standard deviation of wind speed is 5.8 m s–1. This information may be useful not only for the glaciologic problems and modeling, but also for construction and engineering surveys, which are relevant in view of the present-day active development of the mountain ski infrastructure on the southern macro-slope of the Elbrus. In addition, the obtained series of instrumental observations were used to assess the quality of reanalysis data for high mountain regions taking as an example the ERA5. The ERA5 reanalysis was demonstrated to reproduce rather successfully the air temperature, wind speed and humidity in high mountain conditions, but extreme values for all these parameters are underestimated. Thus, the minimum temperature in winter turned out to be overestimated by 2 °C, and the maximum was underestimated by 4 °C, while the wind speed, according to the ERA5 reanalysis, never exceeded 40 m/s during the above observation period. It is also shown that the FlowCapt4 acoustic blizzard gauge (driftometer) can be used to estimate average wind speeds since it is less sensitive to severe high-altitude conditions compared to acoustic and cup anemometers.