Differences In Personality Traits Research Articles

The mediating role of self-regulated online learning behaviors: Exploring the impact of personality traits on student engagement

AbstractOnline learning environments have become increasingly prevalent in higher education, necessitating an understanding of factors influencing student engagement. This study examines the mediating role of self-regulated online learning in the relationship between five-factor personality traits and student engagement among university students. A sample of 437 university students from educational sciences, social sciences, and health sciences disciplines participated in the study. Data were collected using ‘The Big Five Inventory’ to assess personality traits, the ‘Self-Regulated Online Learning Questionnaire’ to measure self-regulated online learning, and the ‘Student Engagement Scale in the Online Learning Environment’ to evaluate student engagement. Structural equation modeling with bootstrap analysis was employed to analyze the data. The study findings indicate that the five factor personality traits significantly predict self-regulated online learning. Furthermore, self-regulated online learning is a significant predictor of students’ engagement in the online learning environment. Additionally, the five factor personality traits are found to be significant predictors of student engagement in the online learning environment. Lastly, self-regulated online learning plays a partially mediating role in the relationship between the five factor personality traits and student engagement in the online learning environment. This study underscores the importance of considering individual differences in personality traits and fostering self-regulated learning strategies to enhance student engagement in online learning environments. Understanding these dynamics can inform the design of effective interventions aimed at improving student outcomes in online education.

Betting on Your Feelings: The Interplay between Emotion and Cognition in Gambling Affective Task.

Background: Gambling Disorder (GD) is a bio-psycho-social disorder resulting from the interaction of clinical, cognitive, and affective factors. Impulsivity is a crucial factor in addiction studies, as it is closely linked to cognitive distortions in GD by encompassing impulsive choices, motor responses, decision-making, and cognitive biases. Also, emotions, mood, temperament, and affective state are crucial in developing and maintaining GD. Gambling can be used as a maladaptive coping strategy to avoid or escape problems and distress. Methods: The aim of the present study is to explore differences in personality traits and emotion regulation of people suffering from GD, substance-dependent gamblers (SDGs), and healthy controls (HCs). Additionally, the study proposes a new experimental task: the "Gambling Affective Task" (GAT) to investigate the influence of affective priming on risk-taking behaviors. Results: Our findings indicate that participants placed lower bets following positive priming. Additionally, SDGs wagered significantly higher amounts than HCs, regardless of priming type. In general, participants exhibited longer response times after positive priming trials, compared to negative and neutral priming trials. These findings suggest that experiencing positive emotions can act as a protective factor by delaying and lengthening gambling behaviors. By comparing gamblers with and without substance comorbidity, we can gain insight into the exclusive factors of GD and improve our understanding of this disorder. Conclusions: By elucidating the impact of emotional states on risk-taking, the research also provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of GD.

Sex Differences in Personality Disorder and Childhood Maltreatment of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Despite numerous studies investigating personality disorder (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) characteristics in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), there remains a scarcity of research focusing on sex differences in PD and CM within large samples of SZ patients. A total of 592 participants (257 males, 335 females) were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with SZ at the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. PDs were assessed using a self-reported personality diagnostic questionnaire and a structured clinical interview, while CMs were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form. Male patients exhibited a prominent self-reported trait of antisocial PD (t=1.972, p=0.049), while female patients demonstrated a notable emphasis on histrionic PD traits (t=-2.057, p=0.040). Structured interviews for PD diagnoses further indicated a higher comorbidity of schizotypal (χ2=4.805, p=0.028) and schizoid (χ2=6.957, p=0.008) PDs among male patients compared to female patients. Additionally, male patients reported a higher degree (t=2.957, p=0.003) and proportion (χ2=5.277, p=0.022) of experiences of physical abuse in their self-reported CM. Logistic regression analyses highlight distinct factors: higher antisocial PD traits and physical abuse are associated with male patients, while histrionic PD traits and emotional abuse are associated with female patients. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing sex-specific manifestations of personality pathology and the nuanced impact of CM in the clinical management of individuals with SZ. The study advocates for tailored interventions that consider the distinct needs associated with sex differences in both personality traits and CM experiences among SZ patients.

PERSONALITY TRAITS AND LANGUAGE LEARNING: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE AND INFLUENTIAL CONSTITUENTS

Language learning is a complex cognitive process that is influenced by various factors, including individual differences in personality traits. This study examines the intricate relationship between personality traits and language learning capacity. Through an extensive bibliometric analysis of existing literature, this study aims to shed light on how personality traits affect an individual’s ability to acquire and master new languages. By employing various bibliometric approaches, such as performance analysis, science mapping, and citation analysis, we seek to unveil the intellectual structure behind the correspondence of personality traits and language learning as findings that can open avenues and potential areas for future research. We also attempted to identify patterns that could help educators, language instructors, and learners. Ultimately, this study strives to bridge the gap between psychology and linguistics.

Online and Unkind: Examining the Personality Correlates of Online Political Incivility

Many forms of online political incivility threaten democratic norms, contribute to polarization, and are often directed at women and racial minorities. Recent research shows that online political incivility may come from a minority of users that are just as hostile offline as they are online, meaning that individual differences in personality traits may be an important predictor of online political incivility. Drawing upon a large sample of adults living in Canada (N = 1725), we examined the association between personality traits and online political incivility using robust measures of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and the general traits of the HEXACO. While controlling for a variety of sociodemographic and political variables, we found that people who score higher in honesty-humility, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the planfulness facet of Machiavellianism, are less likely to report engagement in online political incivility. People who score higher in extraversion, several facets of psychopathy, grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, and antagonistic Machiavellianism, by contrast, are more likely to report engagement in online political incivility. In general, the personality traits that predict offline aggression and antisocial behaviour tend to be the same traits that predict self-reports of vulgarity, stereotyping, and threats in online political discussions. Interventions to reduce online incivility may benefit from considering the dispositional tendencies of uncivil users.

Why Should Diabetic Women Be Active?-The Role of Personality, Self-Esteem, Body-Esteem, and Imagery.

Diabetes is one of the fastest spreading diseases in the 21st century. The aim of the study is twofold: (1) to find differences in personality traits, self-esteem, body-esteem, and imagery between healthy women and women with diabetes; (2) to verify whether there are differences in the analyzed factors among women with diabetes who engage in sports compared to those who do not. We used 3 questionnaires: Imagination in Sport-short form, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and BFIS Personality, which were tested online. We found that women with diabetes were characterized by significantly higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and higher conscientiousness (marginally significant). We also found that women with diabetes who practice sport rated their bodies more highly in terms of sexual attractiveness and made better use of imagined affirmations than women without diabetes who were not active. Our study provides new insights into diabetics in terms of women navigating the disease.

Multi-assay approach shows species-associated personality patterns in two socially distinct gerbil species.

We aimed to investigate whether two closely related but socially distinct species of gerbils differ in personality patterns. Using a suit of multivariate repeated assays (docility test, dark-light emergence test, startle test, novel object test, elevated platform test, and stranger test), we assessed contextual and temporal consistency of docility, boldness, exploration, anxiety, and sociability in the solitary midday gerbil, Meriones meridianus, and social Mongolian gerbil, M. unguiculatus. We revealed contextually consistent and highly repeatable sex-independent but species-specific personality traits. Species differed in temporal repeatability of different behaviours, and contextual consistency was more pronounced in solitary M. meridianus than in social M. unguiculatus. This finding contradicts the social niche specialization hypothesis, which suggests that personality traits should be more consistent in more social species. Instead, we hypothesize that social complexity should favour more flexible and less consistent behavioural traits. The habituation effect indicative of learning abilities was weak in both species yet stronger in social M. unguiculatus, supporting the relationship between the sociality level and cognitive skills. In both species, only a few different behavioural traits covaried, and the sets of correlated behaviours were species-specific such that the two species did not share any pair of correlated traits. Between-species differences in personality traits, habituation, and behavioural syndromes may be linked to differences in sociality. The lack of prominent behavioural syndromes is consistent with the idea that context-specific individual behavioural traits might be favoured to allow more flexible and adequate responses to changing environments than syndromes of correlated functionally different behaviours.

Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Compulsive and Histrionic Traits among Pilots in the UAE: A Comparative Study

This study aims to examine the prevalence rates of compulsive and histrionic characteristics among pilots from diverse demographic backgrounds such as South Asian, Middle Eastern, and Western pilots. The research aims to identify differences in personality traits and explore potential correlations within each ethnic group of commercial pilots. The data was provided by sixty pilots, equally representing three different ethnic groups, with twenty participants in each demographic. To collect the data, the researchers used a measuring tool designed to reveal signs of mental disorders, known as the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). According to ANOVA results, there is a notable difference in prevalence rates for compulsive and histrionic traits among the three different ethnic groups (F (2,87) = 4.76, p =0.00057). Overall, the results showed that South Asian pilots had more compulsive traits than Middle Eastern and Western pilots. On the other hand, Middle Eastern pilots were found to have a higher occurrence of histrionic traits compared to their counterparts from South Asia and Westen pilots. The correlation analysis confirmed that there was a substantial link between histrionic and compulsive traits (r = 0.51, p < 0.05). A similar trend was seen for Middle Eastern pilots, where a weakly positive link (r = 0.24, p < 0.05) was visible. On the other hand, the Western pilots showed a weak, inverse correlation between compulsive and histrionic characteristics (r = - 0.14, p<00), displaying unique profiles within this group in terms of their mutual interaction. These results offer a profound understanding of the relationship between ethnicity and personality traits in pilots.

Personality traits and their influence on Echo chamber formation in social media: a comparative study of Twitter and Weibo.

The echo chamber effect on social media has attracted attention due to its potentially disruptive consequences on society. This study presents a framework to evaluate the impact of personality traits on the formation of echo chambers. Using Weibo and Twitter as platforms, we first define an echo chamber as a network where users interact solely with those sharing their opinions, and quantify echo chamber effects through selective exposure and homophily. We then employ an unsupervised personality recognition method to assign a personality model to each user, and compare the distribution differences of echo chambers and personality traits across platforms and topics. Our findings show that, although user personality trait models exhibit similar distributions between topics, differences exist between platforms. Among 243 personality model combinations, over 20% of Weibo echo chamber members are "ynynn" models, while over 15% of Twitter echo chamber members are "nnnny" models. This indicates significant differences in personality traits among echo chamber members between platforms. Specific personality traits attract like-minded individuals to engage in discussions on particular topics, ultimately forming homogeneous communities. These insights are valuable for developing targeted management strategies to prevent the spread of fake news or rumors.

Research on the Relations Among Personality Traits, Sports Commitment, and Exercise Behavior - A Case Study of Chinese College Students.

To explore the relations among personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior of Chinese college students. To test whether sports commitment plays an intermediary role in the process of personality traits affecting exercise behavior. To explore the factors that affect Chinese college students' exercise behavior from the psychological level, to promote college students to actively participate in physical exercise. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1200 students from 6 universities using the "Personality Trait Scale", "Sports Commitment Scale" and "Exercise Behavior Scale". SPSS was used to analyze the differences between genders and urban and rural areas; and correlation analysis was conducted on the personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behaviors of college students. Finally, AMOS was used to establish a structural equation model to test the mediating role of sports commitment. There are significant differences between different genders in each factor of personality traits (P<0.05); there is no significant difference between different genders in the participation opportunities of sports commitment (P=0.734), and there are significant differences in other factors. There were significant differences in each factor of exercise behavior (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior between urban and rural students (P> 0.05). There was a significant correlation among personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior (P < 0.01). The direct effect of personality traits on exercise behavior was not significant (P > 0.05), but there was only the mediating effect of sports commitment. There is a significant correlation among Chinese college students' personality traits, sports commitment, and exercise behavior. Sports commitment plays an intermediary role between personality traits and sports commitment. Improving the level of sports commitment can encourage Chinese college students to participate in physical exercise.

Personality Traits Differences in Young People Opting for Online vs. Traditional Dating

The young generation is using new digital tools in many aspects of their life, dating being no exception. Ninety participants (mean age 22.16, SD= 1.71) were tested for dating anxiety, level of extraversion, self-esteem, sensitivity to rejection, and couple satisfaction. The group that used online apps to enter a relationship were more extroverted, less anxious for dating, and more satisfied in their relations than those using traditional dating. No differences were found in the self-esteem level and sensitivity to rejection. Given that sensitivity to rejection is a predictor for dating anxiety, implications for designing interventions are discussed.

Who will buy electric vehicles? Segmenting the young Indian buyers using cluster analysis

Market segmentation is an essential tool that can be used for the effective and extensive adoption of emerging innovations such as electric vehicles. This study uses a multi-item questionnaire to collect data from young educated Indian students, which is used to understand the factors that affect the adoption of electric vehicles among potential vehicle buyers. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed ten latent variables that impact the adoption of electric vehicles, out of which eight variables, viz. social image, social influence, anxiety (or perceived risks), perceived environmental benefits, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and attitude, are used for segmenting and profiling potential vehicle buyers into clusters, and the other two latent factors viz. environmental enthusiasm and technological enthusiasm are used to measure and analyse the differences in personality traits across the different clusters. Segmentation technique, based on k-means clustering, revealed three clusters in the respondents which are found to show positive, neutral (slightly positive), and negative perceptions towards all clustering variables and are subsequently labelled as “innovation adoption leads”, “innovation adoption indifferents”, and “innovation adoption idlers” respectively. The findings from this research provide better knowledge and understanding to decision-makers and can help accelerate the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles.

Neutrosophic Personality Traits and Ethical Competencies in Palliative Care Professionals

The present study aimed to demonstrate the applicability of neutrosophic logic in investigating the relationship between the personality traits of a group of palliative care professionals and the ethical aspects inherent in their work. Neutrosophic correlation coefficients were employed to identify the most influential personality traits in the ethics of palliative care, as well as the ethical competencies with the greatest impact. The results revealed differences in personality traits, with nurses showing higher sensitivity than doctors, and doctors exhibiting greater kindness. Furthermore, varying degrees of relationships between personality traits and ethical competencies were identified. The neutrality, indeterminacy, and non-truth of the personality traits and competencies analyzed from a neutrosophic perspective allow for a more precise and nuanced evaluation of how palliative care professionals relate to patients and their families. These elements provide a solid foundation for understanding the interaction between ethical aspects and the personality traits of healthcare professionals.

Exploring clusters of defence styles, psychiatric symptoms, and academic achievements among medical students in Saudi Arabia

Objective: This study aimed to identify clusters of defence mechanisms and their relationship with academic performance and mental health outcomes among medical students at five different universities in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online-based validated questionnaire. The questionnaire included sections on demographics, grades obtained in annual examinations, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40). Results: A total of 997 medical students were included in the analysis, with 47.2% being male. Majority of the participants were in their 3rd and 6th year of college, and most were single. Among the participants, 16.8% reported being smokers. Based on academic achievements, 54.9% students were classified as low achievers, while 45.0% were classified as high achievers. The high achievers cluster was much larger than the low achievers cluster, with a ratio of sizes of 7.51. The low achievers cluster exhibited higher mean scores for traits such as immaturity, neuroticism, and suppression compared to the high achievers cluster. However, depression scores were similar in both clusters, while anxiety scores were significantly higher in the high achievers cluster. The high achievers cluster showed lower values for characteristics such as autistic fantasy, suppression, and anticipation. Conclusions: This study identified two distinct clusters of defence mechanisms among medical students in Saudi Arabia, which were associated with differences in academic performance and personality traits. High achievers demonstrated a higher proportion of mature defence mechanisms, while low achievers exhibited a higher prevalence of immature defence mechanisms.

Are some individuals more susceptible to intercultural education than others? Multicultural personality predicts the effects of an intercultural training on cultural intelligence

The development of intercultural competences has become a prominent goal for many study programs in higher education. A widely used frame to measure intercultural competence is Cultural Intelligence (CQ). While empirical research has focused extensively on the development of CQ by means of (student) mobility and long-term training, the effects of short-format trainings – a more cost-effective intervention that can be provided to a large number of participants – remain understudied. Existing findings are inconclusive, and it remains unclear under which conditions, and for whom, short-format interventions are effective in improving participants’ CQ. We propose that CQ development is contingent upon individual differences in multicultural personality traits (operationalized through the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, MPQ). More specifically, in this study we investigate (1) whether a short-format (6-hour) training improves CQ among higher education students (n = 108), and (2) whether the development of CQ is moderated by students’ social-perceptual and stress-related MPQ trait scores prior to the training. Using a pre and post-test design we found that across the whole sample, all four facets of the CQ increased after the training. We also found that some social-perceptual traits of the MPQ moderated the development of CQ: Social initiative on Metacognitive CQ, Openmindedness on Cognitive CQ, and Social initiative and Openmindedness on Motivational CQ. Additionally, we did not find a moderator effect of stress-related MPQ traits on the development of Behavioral CQ. Based on our findings, we conclude that multicultural personality influences individuals’ susceptibility to intercultural education, underscoring the importance of individualized approaches in intercultural education.

Correlation between personality traits and coping strategies of young adults in India

The present work aims to investigate the correlation between personality traits and coping strategies among young adults in India. Correlational and ex-post facto research designs were employed on a sample of 126 young adults (61 males and 65 females) between 18 to 35 years old. Personality traits and coping strategies were measured using NEO five-factor inventory and coping strategies. It was hypnotized that (a) There will be a significant correlation between personality traits and coping strategies of young adults. (b) There will be significant differences in coping strategies between young adult males and females. (c) There will be a significant difference in personality traits between young adult males and females. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and t-tests. Results demonstrated a significant correlation between the two variables. Additionally, a significant difference between males and females has been found in behavior avoidance coping strategies and personality traits of openness and agreeableness.

Investigating Differences in Personality Traits, Self-Esteem, Eating Attitudes, and Body Image among Participants in Indoor and Outdoor Fitness Activities.

Physical activity environments influence physical condition, nutrition, individual and social behaviors, and emotional well-being. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, personality traits, and body image among participants in indoor and outdoor leisure-time fitness programs. Participants included 1747 adults (882 men and 865 women) aged 34 ± 9.2 years, divided into experimental and control groups. All participants completed the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test 26 (EAT-26), the Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Traits Personality Questionnaire 5 (TPQue5), and the Appearance Scales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS). The results revealed statistically significant differences between groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed noteworthy variations in personality trait scores between the groups (neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) as well as body image factors (self-esteem and eating attitudes). Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between gender and participation in different types of exercise. Females had lower self-esteem and body area satisfaction scores but higher eating disorder proneness, neuroticism, appearance evaluation, and overweight preoccupation scores than males. These findings add to the current literature focusing on the psychosocial and behavioral mechanisms associated with physical activity and exercise environments. The findings provide an effective supplement to promote public health-focused fitness programs and leisure-time physical activity motivation strategies.

THE EFFECTS OF LATE-LIFE RELOCATION ON ANXIETY AND PERSONALITY TRAITS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA AND EUROPE

Abstract Later-life relocation has been identified as an important life event that affects the living environment, social relationships, and daily routines of older adults with subsequent effects on mental health and personality. We explored the impact of relocation on anxiety and personality traits in older adults from China and Europe in two separate studies., In study 1, we administered the questionnaire to 301 Chinese older adults (Mage=69.51, SD=5.02) who experienced involuntary rural-urban relocation, with 61.8% of them reported severe to extremely severe anxiety. Excessive reassurance-seeking and concomitant negative information bias were processes that contributed to increased anxiety among relocated older adults, which was particularly detrimental for those adults who were otherwise resilient. In study 2, we investigated the differences in personality traits between older adults who moved to nursing homes and those who lived in private housing using data from Wave 7 of the European Health, Ageing and Retirement Survey (SHARE). Reports from a total of 4829 older people living in nursing homes (NNH= 360) and private housing (NPH=4469) were included in the finally analysis. Our results showed that older people who relocated to nursing homes had lower extraversion and conscientiousness, and higher neuroticism. Additionally, older adults’ age, gender, health problems, physical activity, community size, and national socio-economic status partly explained personality differences between older adults who relocated and who stayed in their homes. Our findings underscore the importance and necessity of studying advantageous and detrimental effects of late-life relocation, and provide new directions and ideas for future research.

Adolescents' personhood and the effects of their institutionalization

This paper aims to make a comparison of personality disorders in adolescents in residential care versus adolescents raised in natural families. The aim is to identify differences in personality traits and personal autonomy between adolescents living in residential care and those living in natural families, and to compare personality traits between the two groups, including by gender and age.

The impact of paternal absence on personality traits in young adults: A comparative analysis of aggression, neuroticism and impulsive sensation seeking

This paper investigates personality trait differences, specifically aggression, neuroticism, and impulsive sensation-seeking, in young adults with fathers working abroad intermittently compared to those with fathers working near their homes. The study aims to identify and analyze statistically significant differences in these traits, exploring the impact of the father's absence. Hypotheses are formulated, and a Zukerman-Kuhlman Test is used on a sample of 60 participants aged 18-25, living with their parents. Results confirm differences in neuroticism and aggression based on father's work location but find no significant difference in impulsive sensation-seeking. The study suggests that father absence during childhood may contribute to higher neuroticism and anxiety in adulthood, with potential links to increased aggression. The impact depends on factors like duration, frequency, and the child's age, emphasizing the importance of active parental involvement to mitigate negative effects.