Difference In Apoptosis Index Research Articles

The Difference Effect of Adolescent and Adult Pregnancy on Apoptosis Index of Neuron Cells

Context: Adolescent who are pregnant will experience depression due to physical and mental unpreparedness that affects cortisol which will reduce the secretion of Brain Derived Neutrotrophic Factor, so that it will increase the index of apoptosis of brain neuron cells. This study aims to determine differences in the influence of adolescent and adult pregnancy on the index of apoptosis of brain neuron cells. The study used true laboratory experimental design with post test only control group design using animals tried to mice Mus musculus. The experimental group was divided into two groups: the control group or the adult pregnancy, and the treatment group or the teenage pregnancy group. The brain dissection of the newborn Musculus mice was taken and calculated the number of neuron cell apoptosis index using Immunohistochemical Tunnel. There were significant differences in the brain neuron cells apoptosis index with a value of p = 0.01 (mean 4.13 + 2.52 in the treatment group, 2.81 + 1.43 in the control group). There were significant differences in apoptosis index of brain neuron cells in the newborn Mus musculus mice in teenage pregnancy and the control group.

APOPTOSIS INDEX BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES IN REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS

Many reports have documented apoptosis index in hemodialysis patients, but to date, no single study has directly compared the apoptosis index of males to females. Data on mortality rate among hemodialytic patients in the hemodialysis center at the Department of Internal Medicine Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia show a high number predominated by female patients. Therefore, to answer the question of whether there is a gender difference in apoptosis index, the researcher studied leukocyte responses in male and female hemodialysis patients. The apoptosis index of the sample was measured by indirect immunoassay method. Cell lyses, followed by immunochemical determination of histone-complexed DNA fragments in a microtiter plate wells. The apoptosis quantization was obtained by determining the amount of colored product spectrophotometrically. One hundred and four non-diabetic subjects who received hemodialysis (HD), and 24 normal controls (NC), were evaluated. The apoptosis index in ESRD patients group and control group showed no significant difference (0.6172 vs 0.4008, p=0.114), neither did it vary in both sexes and age groups. When the sex factor was analyzed (after exclusion from the diabetic ESRD patients), females apoptosis index was significantly higher than that of the males (0.7325 vs 0.55175, p<0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis index in females among non-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis is higher than that occur in males and controls.

Chemotherapy for rat glioma using adriamycin-N-succinyl chitosan sustained release nanometer particles

Objective To observe the in vitro and in vivo releasing effects of adriamycin-N-succinyl chitosan(SCS)sustained release nanometer particles following implantation,and evaluate the local chemotherapeutic effect on rats bearing C6 gliomas. Methods The matrix with adriamycin was prepared.Gelatin and agar were used as major materials.The releasing effects of adriamycin-SCSsustained release nanometer particles were determined in artificial cerebrospinal fluid or in 20 normal rats brains by the method of fluorometry.The median survival time(MST)was measured in 20 SD rats bearing intracranial C6 gliomas, and the inhibitory effect of regional administration of adriamycin-SCS on growth of subcutaneous tumors was evaluated in 20 rats. Results Constant-release of adriamycin-SCS lasted over 30 days in artificial cerebro-spinal fluid or normal rabbit brains.Local controlled release of adriamycin could prolong the survival of rats bearing C6 gliomas with the MST being 35 days. Local controlled release of adriamycin could significant inhibit the growth of the subcutaneous tumors. As compared with control group, the growth of the subcutaneous tumors was slowed down or ceased in experimental group.There was statistically significant difference in tumor volume between the two groups(χ2= 7. 68,P<0. 05).There was significant difference in apoptosis index between control group(6. 4%) and experimental group(59. 3%, χ2= 23. 59,P<0. 05). Conclusion With high regional concentration and avoidance of toxicity of systemic chemotherapy, control released chemotherapy of adriamycin-SCS sustained nanometer particles remarkably inhibited the growth of C6 gliomas. Key words: Glioma; Adriamycin; N-succinyl chitosan; Sustained release particles

Effects of different resuscitation modalities on post-resuscitation myocardial apoptosis in porcine models of cardiac arrest

Objective To confirm whether in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction involved in myocyte apoptosis mechanism in porcine model of cardiac arrest and apoptosis index varied from different modalities of cardiopulmonary resuscitation or not.Methods A total of 22 WZSP inbred small swine were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group (SHAM) (n =6),defibrillation first group (DF,n =8) and chest compression first group (CF,n =8).Eight minutes after ventricular fibrillation was set up,standard CPR was carried out subsequently after defibrillation in porcine models of cardiac arrest in DF group and defibrillation after standard CPR in CF group,and hemodynamics were monitored.Twentyfour hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC),animals were sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were examined with electron microscopy,Western blot,quantitative RT-PCR,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Student's t test was employed for comparisons between two groups.Differences within groups at different time intervals were compared with repeated measures ANOVA.A two-tailed value of P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Myocardial function was significantly impaired after ROSC.Levels of Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 protein was markedly increased in the CF and DF groups than those in the SHAM group (P ＜ 0.05) at 24 h after ROSC,while Bcl-2/Bax was significantly reduced in the CF and DF group compared with the SHAM group (P ＜ 0.05),and much more apoptotic cells were observed in cardiac arrest animals in comparison with sham-operation animals (P ＜ 0.05).Six hours after ROSC,hemodynamic indicators improved significantly in group DF than those in group CF,but Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 protein levels and apoptotic index were not significantly different bewteen the DF group and CF group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis might be one of the main pathological mechanisms of postresuscitation myocardial injury in a porcine model of cardiac arrest,but there was no statistically significant difference in apoptosis index between two resuscitation modalities,showing no one modality was superior over another. Key words: Apoptosis; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction; Casoase-3 ; Bcl-2/Bax

Oligodeoxynucleotide Acid Loaded, NGR-Peptide-Conjugated Polymeric Liposomes: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

NGR-peptide-conjugated polymeric liposome, NGR/liposome/PEI/ODN (NGR/LPD), was prepared with oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) condensed with PEI at a N/P ratio of 10:1 and PEG-stabilized liposome composed of 94% POPC, 2% DDAB, 3% DSPEPEG- 2000 and 1% DSPE-PEG-2000-maleimide. Liposome/PEI/ODN (LPD) complexes could significantly reduce toxicity of PEI and also enhance uptake of ODN by MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared with naked ODN. It was found that the differences in apoptosis index between NGR/LPD and LPD group were significant (P < 0.05). Tumor tissue showed necrosis in high dose group of NGR/LPD (20 µ g ASODN). In comparison with control group, the levels of hTERT mRNA, hTERT protein as well as c-Myc protein in the NGR/LPD group were markedly lower (P < 0.05) and the level of Bcl-2 protein in the NGR/LPD group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). NGR/LPD had the function of targeting to tumor cells compared with LPD and could inhibit tumor cells growth compared with control group.

Effect of carbon disulfide on inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis in retina of rats

To investigate the effect of carbon disulfide (CS2) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptosis in in the retina of rats. Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups the control group, the group receiving high-dose CS2 and the group receiving low-dose CS2. After treatment, retina were harvested and made into slice. The thickness of inner retina including outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, ganglion cell layer, optic nerve fiber and inner limiting membrane was measured. Expression of iNOS in retina was measured by NADPH-NDP histochemical assay. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). (1) The thickness of inner retina decreased in groups receiving CS2. There was significant difference between control group and groups receiving CS2 (P < 0.05). There was also significant difference between group receiving high-dose CS2 and group receiving low-dose CS2 (P < 0.05). (2) The expression of iNOS increased in groups receiving CS2. There was significant difference between control group and groups receiving CS2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There was also significant difference between the group receiving high-dose CS2 and the group receiving low-dose CS2 (P < 0.05). (3) Apoptosis was observed in groups receiving CS2. There were significant differences in apoptosis index between the control group and groups receiving CS2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There was also significant difference between the group receiving high-dose CS2 and the group receiving low-dose CS2 (P < 0.05). CS2 can evoke the expression of iNOS, and the nitric oxide thus produced can be one of the causes of retina destruction. And apoptosis is also one of the causes of retina destruction.

Relationship between the apoptosis and notch-1 expression in acute pancreatitis

In order to investigate the expression of Notch-1 in rats with acute pancreatitis (AP) and its relation with apoptosis of pancreatic cells, mild AP (MAP) and severe AP (SAP) models were established by retrograde injection of different concentrations of sodium taurocholae into pancreatic duct. The apoptosis index and the expression of Notch-1 protein and mRNA were detected by using TUNEL, Western blot and real-time PCR in MAP and SAP at different time intervals. The results showed that in MAP group the apoptosis index was significantly elevated during 4 to 24 h after induction of pancreatitis, but there was no significant difference among different time intervals. In SAP group, the apoptosis index reached the peak at 4th h after induction of pancreatitis, then gradually declined. There was significant difference in apoptosis index between MAP and SAP groups. Starting from 4th after induction of pancreatitis, the expression of Notch-1 in both MAP and SAP group was increased at different time intervals, but that in SAP group was significantly higher than in MAP group (P<0.05). The expression of Notch in MAP and SAP groups reached the peak at 12th and 8th h respectively after induction of pancreatitis. It was concluded that there was significant difference in apoptosis index and the Notch-1 expression in different types of AP. The overexpression of Notch-1 could aggravate AP by inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreatic cells.

Radiation-inducible promoters-mediated cdglytk gene in the treatment of buccal carcinoma in golden hamster

To observe the therapeutic effect of CDglyTK gene mediated by radiation-inducible promoters in the treatment of buccal carcinoma in Golden Hamster. Animal models of buccal carcinoma in golden hamster were established by painting 0.5% dimethyl-benzanthracene. The plasmids pcDNA (+) 3.1/E-CDglyTK were transfected into tumors by lipofectamine. 24 h later, the tumors were exposed to 3 Gy irradiation. Animals were monitored at regular intervals for volume of tumors. CDglyTK mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR. Apoptosis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were detected respectively by in situ end-labeling and immunohistochemical methods. Compared with control groups, the tumor was suppressed obviously by CDglyTK gene therapy combined with 3 Gy induction radiation. The expression of CDglyTK gene could be detected by RT-PCR in the transfected tumor, and up-regulation of CDglyTK expression was found in tumor exposed to radiation (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in apoptosis index or proliferation index between tumor without irradiation and tumor with irradiation (P < 0.05). The radiation-inducible promoter can be served as a molecular switch to regulate the expression of CDglyTK gene in buccal carcinoma in golden hamster, and low dose induction radiation can significantly improve the therapeutic effects.

Increased apoptosis associated with depressed type of early intestinal gastric cancer.

Early gastric cancer can be macroscopically classified into elevated and depressed types. To clarify the relationship between macroscopic appearance of early gastric cancer and apoptosis or cell proliferation, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of 44 intestinal‐type early gastric cancers were investigated by the TUNEL method and immunohistochemical techniques. Diffuse type was excluded in this study. When tissue sections of gastric cancer were vertically classified into the 3 compartments of laminar, intermediate and basal, the apoptosis index (%) was significantly higher in the basal compartment of depressed type (1.76±2.04, mean±SD) than in the basal compartment of elevated type (0.63±0.81, P=0.01). In depressed type, the apoptosis index (%) was significantly higher in the basal compartment than in the luminar compartment (0.76 ±0.85, P=0.03). Apoptosis‐inducing protein, Bax, was expressed more in each of the compartments of depressed type than in those of elevated type, while there were no significant differences in expression of anti‐apoptotic protein, Bcl‐2, between the two types. Moreover, the apoptosis index (%) of Bax‐positive gastric cancer was significantly higher in the basal compartment (P=0.03), compared to that of Bax‐negative gastric cancer, while there were no significant differences in apoptosis index (%) in any compartment between Bcl‐2‐positive and Bcl‐2‐negative gastric cancers. There were no significant differences in Ki‐67 expression, either between the two types, or among the compartments of depressed type. These results indicate that increased apoptosis with excessive expression of Bax in the basal compartment is involved in the morphogenesis of the depressed type in intestinal‐type early gastric cancer.