Dietetic Foods Research Articles

Effect of Pullulan on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Quality of Yogurts.

Pullulan can partially or completely replace starch or fat, thanks to which it can be used for the production of dietetic food. It allows you to maintain the desired consistency, and increases the viscosity of the product. Therefore, an attempt was made to produce yogurts with pullulan addition and determine the effect of its presence on the number of LAB, pH change, titratable acidity, and sensory quality of yogurts during storage at 4°C for 28 days. The effect of addition of 0; 1.0 and 2.0 % w/v pullulan as a yogurt ingredient on the changes in pH, acidity, LAB number, and sensory quality of yogurt during storage at 4°C for 28 days was examined. Pullulan did not affect yogurt pH, but the addition of 2.0 % w/v pullulan increased the acidity of yogurt as compared to that of the control yogurt. A statistically significantly higher total number of Lactobacillus, by approximately 1 logarithmic cycle, was found in yogurts with pullulan than in the control yogurt on the 28th day of storage. The yogurt with 1.0% w/v pullulan addition showed better sensory characteristics than that with 2.0% pullulan w/v addition. The conducted research proved that the presence of pullulan in the culture medium stimulates the growth of selected lactic acid bacteria and influences their fermentation capacity. The use of 1.0 % w/v pullulan during the production of yogurts allowed to obtain a sensorically acceptable product, it had a protective effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria during 28 days of refrigerated storage of yogurt.

Non-controlled, open-label clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of a dietetic food on pruritus and dermatologic scoring in atopic dogs

BackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate food designed to improve skin barrier function and lower inflammation to reduce pruritus and clinical severity in client-owned atopic dogs. The food contained an antioxidant blend to reduce oxidative stress, plant polyphenols to stabilize mast cells, and polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve skin health and reduce inflammation.ResultsSeventeen dogs were included in the analysis. Initially 48 adult atopic dogs were enrolled and exclusively fed a dermatologic food for 8 weeks in a non-controlled, open-label study. Thirty-one dogs were excluded for the following reasons: oral and topical medication changes (n = 17), missing data (n = 4), fatty acid supplementation (n = 3), food refusal (n = 3), dropped out (n = 3), and owner concerns (n = 1). Using a scale from 0 (normal) - 4 (severe), veterinarians evaluated the presence and severity of clinical signs of atopy at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Pet owners also rated their pet’s clinical signs of atopy on a scale from 0 (not present) - 10 (present continuously) at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Compared with initial baseline scores (median 19, range 3–69), the total veterinarian scores were significantly lower at weeks 4 (median 11, range 1–15) and 8 (median 7, range 3–46) (p < 0.05). Similarly, owner assessments showed significant improvements in the least squares mean (LSM) from baseline to 4 weeks (itching, redness, licking, and scratching) continuing to 8 weeks (itching, redness, and scratching) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this open, non-controlled study evaluating a dermatologic diet in seventeen client-owned dogs, owner and veterinarian assessments showed statistically significant reductions in clinical scores designed to measure severity of atopic dermatitis. While these results show promise for the management of canine atopic dermatitis, controlled clinical trials are also needed to affirm our findings.

Elaboração de produto tipo brigadeiro a base da cenoura (Daucus carota L.)

Nos últimos anos a população de forma geral aumentaram a procura por alimentos que além de saborosos contenham propriedades funcionais, isto é que tenham benefícios a saúde humana, o que gera para indústria alimentícia a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos produtos para atender as necessidades do consumidor, como por exemplos brigadeiros a partir de alimentos nutritivos. Neste sentido este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar e verificar a aceitação de um brigadeiro a base de cenoura (Daucus carota L.). Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental desenvolvida nos laboratórios de Técnica Dietética e Análise Sensorial de Alimentos do Centro Universitário de Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão – UNIFACEMA, localizado na cidade de Caxias - MA. A análise sensorial do produto foi realizada com assessores não treinados utilizando a escala hedônica mista de 9 pontos, mediante a assinatura do TCLE. A análise microbiológica foi determinada de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Observou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre a amostras em relação aos atributos avaliados e ao nível de aceitação. A análise sensorial permitiu verificar que as três amostras obtiveram um bom índice de aceitação pelos provadores. Portanto o brigadeiro a base de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) é um produto inovador e de boa aceitabilidade, com possíveis propriedades nutricionais e funcionais.

HAEMATOLOGICAL STATUS IN CATS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE: EFFECT OF A RENAL DIET

Chronic renal failure is a disease characterized by decreased kidney function andtherefore a change in haematological parameters in cats. In our work we analyzed the hematologicalparameters, course of renal disease and the lifespan of cats suffering from chronic renalinsufficiency. The aim of the study was to compare the haematological parameters of cats sufferingfrom CRF, fed a renal diet; cats suffering from CRF not fed a renal diet and cats that were completelyhealthy. Then, the importance of using CRF-approved food for diseased cats and the effectivenessof its application was determined.The study included a total of 60 cats, divided into three groups. The blood parameters of cats usedin our study were: erythrocytes, thrombocytes, total leucocytes, differential leukocyte, hemoglobinconcentration, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, creatinine and urea. The study lasted for three yearsat the Veterinary Ambulance for pets "MIM COOP" Banja Luka.The study data were statistically analyzed using a T-test (p&lt;0.05) and Pearson's correlationcoefficient. The results of our study show that the mean values of haematological parameters in thegroup of cats that did not use a renal diet for cats suffering from CRF were different statisticallyfrom other two groups of cats: the group that used a renal diet for cats suffering from CRF andcontrol groups of cats. Also, cats that used а renal diet have better quality of life and live longer thancats that did not receive this diet. Dietetic food recover kidneys of the cats suffering from CRF.

ПИЩЕВЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ ПИТАНИЯ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ И ИХ НАЗНАЧЕНИЕ

Currently, there is observed increased incidence of diseases caused by violation of nutrition among the population. The problem of nutrition is one of the most important global problems put forward by the World Health Organization; therefore, programs promoting healthy diets and physical activity to prevent diseases are the most important objective in the state policy to meet the needs of a developed society. Due to the increasing importance of nutrition for the population health the majority of states, including Russia, have adopted national concepts of state policy of healthy nutrition. In terms of resolution of the problem of providing the population with qualitative food products there occurs the need to use Russia’s reach natural potential including its agricultural and water resources to produce multicomponent functional foods. Creating multicomponent products using various types of raw materials of animal and vegetable origin will make it possible to produce curative and/or prophylactic food products with increased digestibility, to improve quality of food products for population by balancing nutrients. The objectives of multicomponent food products manufacturing are realized by searching for new sources of protein raw materials for complex low-wasted and nonwaste processing and the possibility of enriching food with vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and other indispensable biologically active components. Problems of insufficient consumption of protein, vitamins and other essential nutrients by the population indicate the need to develop the production of biologically high-grade food products that meet the needs of all groups of the population through the creation of dietetic, diabetic and other food products.

The Influence of Border Rejections and Official Controls on the Market on Alert Notifications in the RASFF

The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was created in 1979 and allows for quick response to risks for public health. Alert notifications within the RASFF are sent when the product, which presents a serious risk, is already on the market and a rapid action is required. The explicit increase of alert notifications can be noticed since 1999 and particularly since 2003/2004, when official controls on the market began to be noted. While a decrease of alert notifications can be observed since 2008, when border rejections in the RASFF began to be noted. The influence of border rejections and official controls on the market (as two variables) on the number of alert notifications in the RASFF in 1999-2014 was examined with regard to products categories, hazards categories and the European Union (EU) countries, using multiple regression. In the case of the EU countries also the influence of additional variables was examined: the number of food audits, import of food, drinks and tobacco, average total population and total agriculture production of food in the gross production value. The variable official controls on the market was statistically significant and the relationship was very high or high in case of: bivalve molluscs and products thereof, dietetic food, food supplements, fortified food, fish and fish products, herbs and spices and soups, broths, sauces and condiments (products categories) and: allergens, composition, food additives and flavourings, heavy metals, migration, mycotoxins and pathogenic micro-organism (hazards categories). The variable number of border rejections was statistically significant and the relationship was very high or high in case of: dietetic food, food supplements, fortified food (products categories) and: allergens, composition, food additives and flavourings and mycotoxins (hazards categories). In the case of the EU countries the very high or high relationship was not found in models with the two variables and was high in case of France and Latvia in models with six variables. It can be assumed that variability of the number of alert notifications in the RASFF (especially within the EU countries) also can depend on other factors, such as: the amount of food on the market, the scope of food control, the level of preparedness of controllers or movement of people. However, it is difficult to quantify these factors (and take as variables) or the adopted variables would cause collinearity.

Cross-contamination in canine and feline dietetic limited-antigen wet diets

BackgroundAdverse food reactions (AFRs) are defined as abnormal responses to an ingested food or food additive. Diagnosis and treatment of AFRs consist of the complete elimination of these ingredients in the dietary trial. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of undeclared ingredients in commercial limited-antigen dry food diets that can compromise the results and efficacy of dietary elimination trails. The aim of this study was to assess a selection of commercial canine and feline dietetic limited-antigen wet foods for the potential cross-contamination of animal proteins from origins not mentioned on the label.ResultsEleven canine and feline dietetic limited-antigen wet foods (9 novel animal protein foods, 1 vegetarian and 1 hydrolyzed) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence DNA of animal and vegetal origins. PCR analysis confirmed the contamination of 6 of the 11 (54.5%) limited-antigen wet diets with undeclared animal protein. One of these 6 diets was solely composed of animal protein sources completely unrelated to those declared on the label. None of the foods containing horse meat or fish were contaminated, and neither were the vegetarian or the hydrolyzed food products. Moreover, the results show that had zoological class primers only been used to check for cross-class contaminations, as are generally used in the pet food industry for in-house checks, the apparent contamination rate would have been significantly underestimated: less than 20% (3/11), instead of the actual rate of 54.7% using species-specific primers.ConclusionThis study reveals a high rate of cross-contamination in dietetic limited-antigen wet canine and feline foods, as previously described for dietetic dry limited-antigen foods (reported to be more than 80%). These results add new fuel to the discussion about the potential causes underlying the failure of elimination diets, since animal protein contaminants may actually be present in the commercial dietetic limited-antigen diets. AFRs may therefore occur as a result of inadequate practices in the pet food industry.

The effect of different drying methods on chemical composition, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791)

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different drying methods (hot air, microwave, and freeze drying) on the rehydration rate, drying time, chemical composition, fatty acid, and amino acid profile of sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791). Sea cucumbers dried by FD, HAD, and MD methods were found to be of same quality in terms of rehydration rate and sensory characteristics. But, it was determined that MD is more effective for the protection of special essential amino acids. The drying time was 24 hr in FD and 14 hr in HAD, while this time was only 4 min in MD. As a result, there was a significant difference in nutritional value of sea cucumbers depending on the drying method. It was determined that MD is the most suitable method for drying sea cucumbers in terms of amino acid, fatty acid content, and drying time. Practical applications Sea cucumbers have a high protein and low fat content and can be regarded as a dietetic food in terms of nutrition. Since the sea cucumber can easily autolysis after removal from seawater, it is difficult to preserve and transport it. Therefore, it is important to choose a drying method that will protect nutritive and bioactive substances in sea cucumbers, as well improving the quality of products. This study gives valuable information about the effect of different drying methods on rehydration rate, drying time, chemical compositions, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of sea cucumber (H.tubulosa). As a result, it was determined that there are significant differences in the nutritive and functional components of sea cucumbers depending on the applied drying method.

Drug adulteration of food supplements: A threat to public health in the European Union?

Food supplements have been playing an increasingly important role in the consumers' awareness nowadays. They are widespread and – according to popular belief – healthier and safer than synthetic drugs. In the European Union (EU) food supplements are classified as foodstuffs and thus not subjected to any specific safety assessments prior to commercialisation. With the growing popularity of food supplements, there is an increased need for more effective control of their production and distribution. The aim of this study was to examine the food notifications, recorded since 2003 via the EU RASFF database with particular regard to recent years, as well as to evaluate the involvement of different EU state structures in the fight against drug-adulterated food supplements with regard to efficacy and safety. In recent years, the number of RASFF notifications in the category of dietetic foods, food supplements and fortified foods, especially related to unauthorised composition, has increased significantly. The majority of EU Member States authorities, who responded to the study, consider drug-adulterated food supplements to be a public health threat. However, the competences of different official structures within the Member States concerning such products do not appear to be clearly defined. Regulators should thus think of stricter legislative solutions to increase the safety of public health.

Restriction on the re-export of medicinal products and the supervision of compliance with it by public administration bodies

Abstract After years of mainly expert discussions (not only in the Slovak legal environment), the concept of and legislation on re-export offer a sort of solution provided for in the Act no. 306/2016 Coll. Said act amends the key legislation in this field, namely the Act no. 362/2011 Coll. on Medicinal Products and Medical Devices and on the amendment of certain acts, as amended (hereinafter referred to as the “Act on Medicinal Products”) and the Act no. 363/2011 Coll. on the Scope and Conditions of Payments for Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Dietetic Foods from Public Health Insurance and on the amendment of certain acts, as amended (hereinafter referred to as the “Act on Payments”). The topic of the paper belongs in the area of medicinal products and pharmaceutical services, it offers, however, significant overlaps in the area of the constitutional, administrative and European law and is aimed at multidisciplinary research into the issue of the reverse export (re-export) of medicinal products. Besides these laws, also the Constitution of the Slovak Republic (“SR”) and the sources of the European Law have to be taken into account in relation to the subject in question. The main aim of legislation in this area of law was restriction on the re-export of selected products and protection of patients from adverse impacts of such business activity. The aim of the paper is the authors’ effort to analyse the issue of the re-export of medicinal products within the context of the adopted Act no. 306/2016 Coll., whose legislative solution is inevitable for the protection of life and health of the population of the Slovak Republic.

Heavy Metals in Notifications of Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed.

Heavy metals represent the fourth most often notified hazard category in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) from 1980–2016. The goal of the study was to examine the similarities in notifications of particular heavy metals within the RASFF year, product category, notifying country, country of origin, notification basis, notification type, distribution status, risk decision, and action taken, taking into account the particular product type, such as food, food contact material, and feed. The data originated from the RASFF database. Cluster analysis on pivot tables was applied using joining and two-way joining methods. Most notifications concerned food, in which the highest number were related to mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic, and nickel. Notifications were mainly related to fish and food contact materials, in addition to fruits and vegetables, seafood, and dietetic food. The number of notifications decreased in 2015 and 2016. The majority of products were notified by Italy, Spain, Germany, and France. The notified products originated mainly from China and Spain. The notification was usually based on official controls on the market, as well as border controls. The notification types were mainly information, alert, and border rejections. Products were not frequently distributed due to distribution restriction to the notifying country or the possibility of distribution to the market. A risk decision was not usually made. The taken actions included re-dispatch of products, withdrawal from the market, or destruction. The data on heavy metals from the RASFF database can help European and national authorities in shaping public health.

Association of dietary patterns with glycated haemoglobin among Type 2 diabetics in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are major risk factors for rapidly rising incidence of type 2 diabetes. Aim: This study aims to study the association of dietary patterns with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetics in Karachi. Setting: Individuals attending outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Karachi, Pakistan. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methodology: A total of 3193 subject's data were available. Demographic, clinical parameters, food and nutrient intake were explored; patients were categorised into groups according to the adequacy of food intake. The nutrition care process at BIDE consists of getting details of 24-h diet recall. Academy of nutrition and dietetic food exchange system was used to estimate the food requirement, energy and macronutrient intakes. Statistical Analysis: Linear regression analysis was performed for establishing relationship of HbA1c. P

Odynophagia and dysphagia,: clinical experiences and cancer pain integrated management

Background: Most patients experience pain in swallowing during cytotoxic treatments and radiotherapy, worsing Cancer Related Cachexia. Transdermal fentanyl can provide effective pain relief. An effective pain treatment should include a fixed medication and breakthrough medication with an appropriate dose and schedule for each. Odynophagia should be considered breakthrough pain to be treated with appropriate breakthrough medication dosing. Increasing evidence, supports to adequate pain control in patients with cancer related dysphagia/odynophagia, to avoid malnutrition and cachexia. Most pain/palliative care specialists and oncologists worldwide are well aware to adequately treat the pain, but it was yet established that half of cancer patients have insufficient pain control. The goal of pain control in any patient with cancer should be to optimize the patient’s comfort and function. Methods: Clinically, 103 Patients with cancer pain and cancer-related dysphagia/odynophagia we followed. Everyone was treated with analgesic opioids at a stable dose equivalent to 60 mg oral morphine to control background pain using transdermal administration to control background pain. It is considered a convenient method of continuous administration of opioid drugs in situations requiring alternative routes to the oral route. This is possible with fentanyl, as it has physical-chemical characteristics suitable for transdermal administration. We measured the BTCP using algorithm.We used Fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) 100 mcg per 2 at Btcp .11 patients had opioid induced constipation, 13 developed cachexia. Furthermore, we corrected the cachexia and improved the BMI, using dietetic foods for special purposes. We used naloxegol in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation. Results: Fentanyl is a rational approach to odynophagia. A wide range of assessment tools for dysphagia were identified. Increasing BMI is very important, as fentanyl is a lipophilic drug. Preventive administrations of breakthrough pain medication a half hour before eating may improve swallow function. We have performed frequent monitoring, using NRS scale. Patient assumed no more than 3 doses per day at main meals. Conclusions: To promote effective and total pain control, it is strictly necessary to identify patients with odynophagia and dysphagia for avoiding malnutrition, dehydration and cachexia. Correct integrated management of cancer pain improves Quality of Life in this pool of cancer’s patient.

ПШЕНИЦА МЯГКАЯ ОЗИМАЯ: ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАРКЕРОВ

&lt;p&gt;The priority in studying new lines and varieties of common winter wheat was their ecological plasticity by biological and technological markers. It was revealed that for stability and plasticity on the basis of seed production the varieties and lines are divided into stable, narrow and wide-adaptive ones, the latter of which are characterized by a wide range of ecological valence (with high and medium variability and homeostasis, with variance of stability which is close to zero, and with environmental factor plasticity which is greater than one). We studied new cultivars and lines of hexaploid сommon winter wheat from Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University and Nosovka Breeding and Research Station of V.M. Remeslo Mironovka Institute of Wheat by seed production, technological indicators of grain, flour and bread quality. The new perspective highly productive and ecologically plastic varieties and lines of сommon wheat are: Yuvivata 60, Zoriana Nosivska, Nosshpa100, L3-95, KS 14, KS 22-04. According to representative criteria, the most promising genotypes, which are the main products in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and high-quality raw materials for bakeries and bioethanol were identified. It was found that technological characteristics of grain, flour and bread of new cultivars and lines of common wheat meet the modern requirements for production of dietetic food and bioenergy products, that is important and relevant in the context of food security in Ukraine.&lt;/p&gt;

Law regulations concerning food supplements, dietetic food and novel food containing herbal substances

Summary Food supplements are concentrated sources of nutrients and/or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect. However, they often contain herbal substances or their preparations. Food supplements belong to category of food and for that reason are regulated by food legislation. European Union regulations and directives established general directions for dietary supplements, dietetic food, which due to their special composition or manufacturing process are prepared for specific groups of people with special nutritional needs, and novel food/novel food ingredients to ensure product safety, suitability and appropriate consumer information.

Study of the thermal stability of jojoba oil used as antifoaming agent in petroleum industry

Jojoba oil is a naturally occurring vegetal oil, used widely in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, dietetic foods, animal feeding and as a constituent of bio-diesel. In addition, its use in petroleum conditioning has been reported. In this research, four samples of jojoba oil were carefully characterized and their performance as antifoaming agents in light crude oil was studied. A derivative of Simmondsia chinensis was characterized by different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and size exclusion chromatography. Thermal degradation of jojoba oil was followed by thermogravimetry analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry and, primarily, TG coupled to Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, a molecular dynamic simulation was carried out in order to investigate the behavior of this compound when subject to thermal degradation. Assessments in light crude oil determined said vegetal oil to have a good performance level as a foam inhibitor at a low temperature (20 °C). Its high degree of thermal stability was also established through calorimetric techniques.

Law regulations concerning food supplements, dietetic food and novel food containing herbal substances

Law regulations concerning food supplements, dietetic food and novel food containing herbal substances

High hydrostatic pressure assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins

Abstract Whey proteins, due to their high nutritional value, are generally hydrolyzed to reduce the allergenicity and used as ingredients in many special products, such as infant formulae, geriatric products, highly energetic supplements or dietetic foods or in foods produced to prevent nutrition related diseases, like food intolerances and allergies. The aim of this work was to assess the applicability of innovative technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processes, to assist the enzymatic hydrolysis of target proteins, namely whey protein concentrate (WPC-80), in order to modify their antigenicity. Experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of HHP technology to accelerate whey protein hydrolysis reaction with selected enzymes (α-chymotrypsin, bromelain), and to affect the protein allergenic power. To this purpose, different HHP treatments were carried out at several pressure levels (100, 200, 300 and 400 MPa) and the untreated whey protein samples were used as control. A defined enzyme/substrate ratio of 1/10 w/w was used in the experiments, while the treatment time was changed from 0 to 30 min (0, 5, 15, or 30 min). The experimental data demonstrated that High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) induced WPC-80 unfolding at the highest value of the pressure applied (400 MPa) as indicated by the higher exposure of free sulfhydryl groups. When HHP was used in combination with enzymatic hydrolysis, the degree of hydrolysis increased not only with the pressure level applied but also with the processing time. These results suggested that, even if the exposure of hidden epitopes upon protein unfolding increased the antigenicity of whey proteins, further peptide bonds cleavage also took place after hydrolysis. This effect could modify whey proteins antigenic sequences, and thus their antigenic power.

Organic Potato Product for Baby Foods and Dietetic Food

Organic Potato Product for Baby Foods and Dietetic Food

A Review of EU Regulation of Sports Nutrition: Same Game, Different Rules

AbstractToday's athletes, both professionals and amateurs, use a wide range of different nutritional substances to increase training performance, improve the recovery process, burn fat, gain muscle mass, etc. Although such substances are not always thoroughly researched for their potential effect on humans, they are popular and easy to obtain. Therefore, an adequate regulatory system is needed to ensure the protection of consumers. Currently, however, there are no specific provisions with regard to sports nutrition in EU law; thus, such products are usually marketed as food supplements, fortified foods, dietetic foods, and/or foods with nutrition or health claims. This article reviews the relevant legislation with a particular emphasis on policy developments regarding sports nutrition.