Dietary Intake Of Vitamin Research Articles

Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Survey of the ROAD Study.

Dietary habits are of considerable interest as a modifiable factor for the maintenance of muscle health, especially sarcopenia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling Japanese subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability (ROAD) study, and 1345 participants (437 men and 908 women) aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. Sarcopenia was determined by the definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia established in 2014, and dietary intake was assessed with the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Overall, 77 subjects (5.7%) were identified as having sarcopenia, 5.0% of men and 6.1% of women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of sarcopenia for the dietary intake of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, 0.14 (CI 0.04–0.49), β-tocopherol (0.24, CI 0.07–0.78), γ-tocopherol (0.28, CI 0.09–0.87), and fats (fat 0.27, CI 0.08–0.96; monounsaturated fatty acids, 0.22, CI 0.07–0.72, polyunsaturated fatty acids, 0.28, CI 0.09–0.89) at the highest quantile were significantly lower compared with those at the lowest quantile. Therefore, higher dietary intakes of vitamin E and fats would be associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia.

Impacts of an egg intervention on nutrient adequacy among young Malawian children.

Eggs are a rich source of multiple nutrients that support child growth and development. Provision of eggs as a complementary food may improve dietary adequacy among young children at risk for undernutrition. Our objective was to test the impact of an egg intervention on the adequacy of total nutrient intakes and micronutrient density among 6‐ to 15‐month‐old Malawian children. Children 6 to 9 months old, living in Mangochi District, Malawi, were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 331) receiving an egg per day or a control group (n = 329) consuming their usual diet. Dietary intakes of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals were assessed using 24‐h recalls at baseline, 3‐month midline and 6‐month endline, with repeat recalls in a subsample. Usual nutrient intake and micronutrient density distributions were modelled to estimate group means and prevalence of inadequacy. Group differences at midline and endline were tested using unequal variance t tests with bootstrapped standard errors. The egg intervention resulted in higher intakes of fat and protein and lower intakes of carbohydrates. The egg group had lower prevalence of inadequacy for selenium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B5, vitamin B12 and choline. Micronutrient density inadequacy was lower in the egg group for vitamin A and choline at midline and endline, riboflavin at midline and vitamin B5 at endline. Inadequacy of nutrient intakes or density remained highly prevalent in both groups for multiple micronutrients. Though the egg intervention increased intakes of protein and several micronutrients, total intakes and micronutrient density of multiple micronutrients remained far below recommendations.

Dietary Vitamin K Intake and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Prospective Study of 101,695 American Adults.

No epidemiologic studies have been conducted to assess the association of intake of dietary vitamin K with the risk of pancreatic cancer. We used prospective data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial between 1993 and 2009 to fill this gap. A total of 101,695 subjects were identified. Dietary intakes of phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinones (vitamin K2), and dihydrophylloquinone (dihydrovitamin K1) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox regression was applied to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. During a mean follow-up of 8.86 years (900,744.57 person-years), 361 cases of pancreatic cancer were documented. In the fully adjusted model, dietary intakes of phylloquinone (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, hazard ratio (HR)=0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39, 0.83; P for trend =0.002) and dihydrophylloquinone (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, HR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.85; P for trend =0.006), but not menaquinones (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, HR =0.93; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.33; P for trend =0.816), were found to be inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer in a nonlinear dose-response manner (all P values for nonlinearity<0.05), and this was not modified by predefined stratification factors and remained in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, dietary intakes of phylloquinone and dihydrophylloquinone, but not menaquinones, confer a lower risk of pancreatic cancer. Future studies should confirm our findings.

Hypocalcemia in a 15 Year Old With New Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis and significant hyperglycemia are associated with known electrolyte derangements in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism occurring in uncontrolled diabetes are rare. We present a case of new-onset diabetes with severe hypocalcemia. Case: A 15-year-old obese Caucasian male with ADHD and autism presented to the Emergency room due to hyperglycemia found on laboratory evaluation for hypertension. Serum glucose was 563 mg/dL, serum bicarbonate 24 meq/L (21 - 31 meq/L), and HgbA1C 11.4% (4.0 - 5.6%). He was admitted to initiate insulin and for diabetes education. On admission, hypocalcemia was noted: serum calcium 6.6 mg/dL (8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL), alkaline phosphatase 352 units/L (48 - 277 units/L), and albumin 4.6 g/dL (3.5 - 5.0 g/dL). Repeat testing revealed serum calcium 5.1 mg/dL, phosphorus 4.3 mg/dL (2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL), and magnesium 1.7 mg/dL (1.6 - 2.9 mg/dL). He endorsed a 2 month history of tetany, paresthesia, and muscle weakness. Due to food aversions, his dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D was minimal. He had limited sun exposure. Subsequent PTH was 40 pg/mL (10 - 65 pg/mL) with concurrent serum calcium of 6.5 mg/dL. QTc was prolonged [529 msec (&amp;lt;440 msec)], prompting transfer to the intensive care unit for telemetry, intravenous calcium gluconate, and regular calcium monitoring. Treatment was commenced with cholecalciferol 2000 international units daily and oral calcium carbonate (50 mg elemental calcium/kg/day) in divided doses for presumed Vitamin D deficiency. After several intravenous calcium gluconate doses over 24 hours, the patient’s QTc and ionized calcium normalized. At discharge, calcium was 8.5 mg/dL. He was discharged on the above regimen of calcium and cholecalciferol, and basal and bolus insulin. After discharge, laboratory results returned indicating negative diabetes autoantibodies (GAD 65, Insulin, IA-2) and 25-OH Vitamin D &amp;lt;10 ng/mL (30 - 100ng/mL). Two days after discharge, calcium was 7.3 mg/dL. Two weeks later, labs were: 25-OH Vitamin D 11.3 ng/mL, PTH 10.4 pg/mL, and calcium 9.6 mg/dL. Conclusion: This teen presented with new-onset type 2 diabetes and symptomatic hypocalcemia, an atypical feature of new-onset diabetes. This patient’s hypocalcemia was likely due to both vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism. He had a low vitamin D level and poor calcium intake with elevated alkaline phosphatase; however, his high normal serum phosphorus and inappropriately normal PTH (instead of elevated in the setting of severe hypocalcemia) indicated a component of hypoparathyroidism. Calcium normalized with detectable 25-OH Vitamin D levels but PTH remained low. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing both that electrolyte abnormalities at diabetes onset may not be directly attributable to diabetes/hyperglycemia and that vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism may co-exist.

Status and trends in dietary vitamin intakes of adults aged 18 to 35 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China during 1989-2015

To analyze the status and long-term trends in dietary vitamin intakes from 1989 to 2015 in adults aged 18 to 35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China. Based on the data of "China Health and Nutrition Surveys" from 1989 to 2015 and "cohort study on the changes of nutritional status of Chinese residents" in 2015, covering 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China. Adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. Nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze the trend of dietary vitamin intake with years. Comparing the dietary vitamin intake with the dietary reference intakes, the trend of the proportion of people at risk of insufficient dietary vitamin intake was analyzed by Cochran Armitage trend test. According to the different demographic characteristics in 2015, the vitamin intake status and the proportion of people with insufficient dietary vitamin intake were analyzed. From 1989 to 2015, the overall dietary vitamin intake of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China showed a downward trend. The median vitamin intake of adults in 2015 were vitamin A 361. 28 μg RAE/d(based on vitamin A activity equivalent), vitamin B_1 0. 75 mg/d, vitamin B_2 0. 67 mg/d, nicotinic acid 13. 61 mg/d, vitamin C 56. 41 mg/d and vitamin E 21. 04 mg α-TE/d. In 2015, there were significant differences in dietary vitamin A, vitamin B_2, niacin and vitamin C intakes between the North and the South and the distribution of education level, in which the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B_2, niacin and vitamin C in the South were significantly higher than those in the North; the intakes of dietary vitamin B_1 in the low education level group were significantly lower than those in the middle and high education level; the intakes of dietary vitamin B_1 in urban areas were significantly higher than those in the North. The intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B_2, niacin and vitamin E were significantly higher than those in rural areas. From 1989 to 2015, the proportion of people with insufficient intake of vitamin B_2 remained above 80%, and the proportion of adults with the risk of insufficient intake of dietary vitamin A, vitamin B_1 and vitamin C showed an increasing trend year by year. In 2015, the proportion of people at risk of insufficient intake of dietary vitamin A, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C in northern China was significantly higher than that in southern China. From 1989 to 2015, there was a risk of insufficient intake of micronutrients in adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the problem of insufficient calcium intake was serious.

Relationship between urinary cotinine and serum vitamin A levels in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2016-2018.

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between urinary cotinine and serum vitamin A levels in Korean adults.MethodsA total of 4445 adults (age ≥19 years) participating in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2016 to 2018 were classified by sex and as smokers/electronic cigarette users (SE) or non-smokers (NS). Data were analyzed using complex sample general linear models.ResultsThere were no differences in dietary intake of vitamin A, carotene, or retinol between the SE and NS groups. Adjusted mean serum vitamin A levels were higher in the SE group compared with those in the NS group (0.63 mg/L vs 0.60 mg/L among men; 0.55 mg/L vs 0.51 mg/L among women). Among all participants, urinary cotinine and serum vitamin A levels were positively correlated (R2 = 0.037). However, no correlation was observed in either the SE or NS groups individually. In a model adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, frequency of binge drinking, and dyslipidemia, a stronger correlation was observed (R2 = 0.244).ConclusionIn Korean adults, urinary cotinine levels were positively associated with serum vitamin A levels. Mean serum vitamin A levels were significantly higher in the SE group compared with the NS group.

The significant role of dietary intake of vitamin D in non-menopausal women health

ABSTRACT Optimal vitamin D status is very important for reflecting not only bone but overall woman’s health. The aim of the study was to determine pharmacokinetic variability of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, to reveal and quantify the most significant factors that affect its variability in the population of healthy non-menopausal women using the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) approach. The study population consisted of 74 healthy reproductive women aged from 35 to 50 years, without the use of any supplement. A population pharmacokinetics analysis was conducted using a nonlinear mixed-effects model software. A total of 35 factors were assessed: demographic, clinical, biochemical data and lifestyle factors. The average age and bodyweight of our participants were 40.11 ± 4.35 years 65.30 ± 6.80 kg, respectively. The observed mean serum concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D was 26.51 ± 13.49 ng/mL with a wide range of 6.97 to 59.89 ng/mL. Development final PopPK model of the clearance of 25-hydroxy vitamin D showed that only the average daily dose of vitamin D intake from food had a significant influence, with a magnitude of its effects of 0.00401. These results could help when individualizing vitamin D intake in the form of supplements, especially during the wintertime, in healthy reproductive women.

Consumption of meals prepared away from home is associated with inadequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin C and mineral intake among Japanese adults: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey

BackgroundConsumption of home-prepared meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the association between the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home and the inadequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards and food group intake. We therefore aimed to investigate this issue among Japanese adults.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, conducted as a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was defined using two questions inquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home (High, Moderate, Low). The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese. Group differences in nutrients adequacy were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis. Food intake was also compared across the groups by classifying each food item into 17 groups based on Standard Tables of Food Composition.ResultsThe proportion of participants who consumed home-prepared meals almost every day were 34.9% among men and 46.8% among women, and the proportion of those consuming a higher frequency of meals prepared away from home were 14.7 and 6.3%, respectively. A higher frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with inadequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin C and minerals (iron, magnesium and potassium) intake, and with lower intake of vegetables and higher intake of fat and oils.ConclusionsHigh frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber, vitamin C and multiple minerals among Japanese adults. These nutrients may be the potential target of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.

Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets and COVID-19 Pandemic

In a breastfed infant, the main source of vitamin D comes from the mother. Thus, maternal vitamin D deficiency is the key reason for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and rickets during infancy. As they grow older, inadequate sun exposure, diet and lack of supplements also contribute. Individuals with darker skin require at least three to five times longer exposure to the sun than a person with lighter skin to produce adequate endogenous vitamin D. Not many food items naturally contain vitamin D; most of those are less affordable to the poor. We report an 18-month-old child with vitamin D deficiency rickets during strict self-isolation measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Prolonged periods of confining indoors, low dietary intake of vitamin D, economic distress, maternal deficiency, and nonsupplementation could have contributed to vitamin D deficiency rickets in this child. During an unprecedented pandemic of this nature, simple sun exposure and diet advice may suffice for most. This case report highlights the importance of strengthening individuals and communities with information and formulating strong public health policies to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

Association between deficient levels of circulating vitamin D, dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium and retinol, and risk of colorectal cancer in an Iranian population: A case control study.

We aimed to assess the association between deficient levels of circulating vitamin D, dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium and retinol, and risk of colorectal cancer in an Iranian population. In this retrospective case-control study that was conducted between 2012 and 2015, 278 first incident colorectal cancer cases (colon cancer=103; rectal cancer=175), and 278 sex and age matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Serum 25(OH)D, dietary vitamin D, and calcium intake were assessed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) between studied factors and colorectal cancer. Estimates of OR were calculated according to both bivariate analyses based on the matching factors and multivariate analyses, with additional adjustment for potential confounders. A strong inverse linear dose-response association was seen between serum 25(OH)D and colorectal cancer (P for trend=.002). In comparison to serum 25(OH)D more than 40nmol/L, lower serum concentrations were significantly associated with an increased OR of colorectal cancer. When analyzing anatomical subsites separately, lower circulating 25(OH)D was associated with higher OR for both colon and rectum cancers. Dietary vitamin D and calcium intake were not associated with colorectal cancer. Interaction analysis between serum 25(OH)D and the amount of calcium intake demonstrated that the lowest level of both factors was associated with an increased OR of colorectal cancer. The highest OR of colorectal cancer that was associated with lowest circulating 25(OH)D was stronger at the highest retinol intakes. This study demonstrated an inverse strong association between 25(OH)D concentration and colorectal cancer in an Iranian population.

Dietary intake of vitamin A, lung function and incident asthma in childhood.

BackgroundLongitudinal epidemiological data are scarce on the relationship between dietary intake of vitamin A and respiratory outcomes in childhood. We investigated whether a higher intake of preformed vitamin A or pro-vitamin β-carotene in mid-childhood is associated with higher lung function and with asthma risk in adolescence.MethodsIn the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, dietary intakes of preformed vitamin A and β-carotene equivalents were estimated by food frequency questionnaire at 7 years of age. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC (FEF25–75%) were measured at 15.5 years and transformed to z-scores. Incident asthma was defined by new cases of doctor-diagnosed asthma at age 11 or 14 years.ResultsIn multivariable adjusted models, a higher intake of preformed vitamin A was associated with higher lung function and a lower risk of incident asthma: comparing top versus bottom quartiles of intake, regression coefficients for FEV1 and FEF25–75% were 0.21 (95% CI 0.05–0.38; ptrend=0.008) and 0.18 (95% CI 0.03–0.32; ptrend=0.02), respectively; odds ratios for FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal and incident asthma were 0.49 (95% CI 0.27–0.90; ptrend=0.04) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.47–0.99; ptrend=0.07), respectively. In contrast, there was no evidence for association with β-carotene. We also found some evidence for modification of the associations between preformed vitamin A intake and lung function by BCMO1, NCOR2 and SCGB1A1 gene polymorphisms.ConclusionA higher intake of preformed vitamin A, but not β-carotene, in mid-childhood is associated with higher subsequent lung function and lower risk of fixed airflow limitation and incident asthma.

POS-094 A CASE OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM: WHEN A NEPHROLOGIST TURNS INTO AN ENDOCRINOLOGIST

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder infrequently seen in everyday practice. It may be primary due to a genetic cause or secondary which is by far the most common form and due to a variety of etiologies for instance during radiation, auto-immune diseases or acquired after neck surgery with the latter being the most common cause accounting for 75 % of cases. Herein we report the case of a patient who presented to our department as a potential kidney donor to her husband. The pre-transplant workup has shown features of hypoparathyroidism that were subsequently confirmed. The patient is a 36-year-old female with no past medical history of auto-immune disease and no history of neck surgery. She denies any over the counter consumption of dietary or supplemental intake of calcium or vitamin D. She also denied any family history of hypoparathyroidism or consanguinity thus ruling out a genetic cause and no history of autoimmune disease or other endocrine disorders. She had dry scaly skin, thin hair, and fragile nails. No mucocutaneous candidiasis. No scars of previous trauma or surgery in the neck. No malar rash. A carpal spasm was observed during the inflation of the blood pressure cuff on the arm classically know as The Trousseau sign. An ophthalmology exam has shown a cataract at an early onset. An electrocardiogram has shown a slightly prolonged QT interval. A laboratory exam was performed. Her creatinine was normal at 62 uoml/l. She had hypocalcemia of 1.35 mmol/l, a phosphatemia of 1.7 mmol/l, a normal magnesium level of 0.8mmol/l, a PTH level of 12 pg/ml, vitamin D was 18.1 ng/ml. Additional workup was performed seeking other endocrine disorders that may be associated. For instance, her thyroid-stimulating hormone was normal at 2.98 UI/ml with a normal level of free thyroxin at 13.3 ng/ml. Her cortisol level was slightly low at 84 ug/l compared to the laboratory inferior normal limit of 100 but she did not exhibit any signs of adrenal insufficiency. Ultrasonography did not show any kidney stones or abnormalities. A cerebral scan was also performed looking for basal ganglia calcifications and luckily came back normal. An immunologic assessment was performed including antinuclear antibodies, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and came back negative The patient was treated with IV supplementation of calcium in the acute phase in order to alleviate the cardiovascular signs seen in the electrocardiogram. She was then supplemented with oral calcium and vitamin D. Her calcium levels were at 1.9 mmol/l. Her symptoms improved at discharge. Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder. A thorough work-up should be done to look for a cause. It may be due to a variety of etiologies but so far neck surgery represents 75 % of cases.

Nutritional quality of pro-vitamin A, biofortified maize

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) which is caused by a chronic inadequate dietary intake of vitamin A is a major public health problem in many developing countries. In SSA countries, VAD continues to be a serious public health problem despite implemented strategies to alleviate VAD. Provitamin A bio fortified maize, which has been developed through plant breeding, has the potential to act as an additional strategy to eliminate VAD. The feasibility of using provitamin A biofortified maize to alleviate VAD is critically dependent on consumer acceptance of the provitamin A biofortified maize. Generally, biofortification is used to influence the nutritional composition of the provitamin A-biofortified maize grain varieties, including carotenoid composition. Thus, in terms of grain quality and nutritional composition, provitamin A-biofortified maize varieties would be, overall, a better food source than the normal white maize. Biofortification can be achieved through conventional selective breeding or through genetic engineering or molecular breeding. It could help to identify the traits that the breeders need to focus on, in order to make the biofortified maize more acceptable.

Dietary intake of B vitamins and their association with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms: A cross-sectional, population-based survey

BackgroundB vitamins have vital roles in the development, maintenance, and functioning of the brain, while severe deficiencies have been linked to increased psychological disorders. However, no published studies have examined the association between dietary intake of vitamin B and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in a general population. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was done on 7387 Iranian adults aged 20-70 years within the population-based cohort study framework. A validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (DS-FFQ) was used to ascertained vitamin B intake. Participants completed the Iranian validated version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire 21 (DASS 21) to assess their psychological health. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between vitamin B intake and psychological disorders. ResultsAfter adjustment for a wide range of confounders, higher intake of biotin was associated with a lower odds of depression (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.91, P-trend=0.008), anxiety (0.71, 0.56-0.89, P-trend=0.003), and stress (0.58, 0.39-0.87, P-trend=0.01). An inverse relationship was found between B6 and stress risk (0.50, 0.28-0.90, P-trend= 0.01). Moderate intake of thiamin (0.76, 0.61-0.94, P-trend=0.20), niacin (0.78, 0.62-0.97, P-trend=0.41), and pantothenic acid (0.80, 0.65-0.99, P-trend=0.05) were related to lower odds of anxiety. Additionally, moderate folic acid intake was associated with lower odds of depression (0.78, 0.61-0.99, P-trend=0.71). A subgroup analysis based on sex revealed that biotin's dietary intake reduced the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress, but this association was not significant in the male population. LimitationsCross-sectional nature of the data prevents causal associations. ConclusionsThis study suggests that a higher intake of dietary B vitamins, especially biotin, was associated with a lower prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The role of B vitamins requires further investigation in randomized controlled trials.

Older Adults Who Spend More Time Outdoors in Summer and Have Higher Dietary Vitamin D Than Younger Adults Can Present at Least as High Vitamin D Status: A Pilot Study.

Vitamin D3 can be produced by exposing skin to UVB radiation or sourced through dietary products. It is often stated that vitamin D status declines in older adults, yet little is known about differences in current-day lifestyle and dietary behaviours influencing vitamin D outcomes in younger (18–40 years old) and older adults (65–89 years old). Our objectives were to perform a pilot study to compare sun exposure behaviours, i.e., time spent outdoors, holiday behaviour and use of sunscreen/clothing, and dietary vitamin D intake, in young and older adults in the UK, together with assessment of their vitamin D status. A total of 13 young and 11 older volunteers completed a four-page questionnaire to assess sun exposure and photoprotective behaviour and an eleven-page one-week vitamin D diet diary, alongside their plasma 25(OH)D measurement. It was found that the older group tended to spend more time outdoors during the working week in summer, to take more summer and winter holidays each year, take longer winter holidays and have similar sunscreen use when compared to younger adults. Older adults had a significantly higher daily dietary intake of vitamin D (4.0 μg) than young adults (2.4 μg). Mean winter 25(OH)D concentration was higher in older (56.9 nmol/L) than in young adults (43.2 nmol/L), but there was no statistical difference between the groups. Contrary to common assumptions, in this study, older adults had sun exposure and dietary behaviours conferring a vitamin D status at least as good as that of younger adults.

Evaluation of vitamin A status on myogenic gene expression and muscle fiber characteristics

A randomized complete block design experiment with 30 yearling crossbred steers (average BW = 436.3 ± 39.8 kg) fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet was used to evaluate the effects dietary vitamin A (Rovimix A 1000; DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, SUI) supplementation on myogenic gene expression and skeletal muscle fiber characteristics during the finishing phase. Steers were blocked by BW (n = 5 blocks; 6 steers/block), randomly assigned to pens (n = 2 steers/pen), and one of the following treatments: no added vitamin A (0 IU; 0.0 IU/kg of dietary dry matter intake of additional vitamin A), vitamin A supplemented at the estimated requirement (2,200 IU; 2,200 IU/kg of dietary dry matter (DM) of additional vitamin A), and vitamin A supplemented at 5× the estimated requirement (11,000 IU; 11,000 IU/kg of dietary DM of additional vitamin A). After all treatments underwent a 91-d vitamin A depletion period, additional vitamin A was top-dressed at feeding via a ground corn carrier. Blood, longissimus muscle, and liver biopsy samples were obtained on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Biopsy samples were used for immunohistochemical and mRNA analysis. Sera and liver samples were used to monitor circulating vitamin A and true vitamin A status of the cattle. Expression for myosin heavy chain (MHC)-I diminished and rebounded (P = 0.04) over time. The intermediate fiber type, MHC-IIA, had a similar pattern of expression (P = 0.01) to that of MHC-I. On day 84, C/EBPβ expression was also the greatest (P = 0.03). The pattern of PPARγ (P < 0.01) and PPARδ (P < 0.01) expression seemed to mimic that of MHC-I expression, increasing from days 84 to 112. Distribution of MHC-IIA demonstrated a change over time (P = 0.02). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area increased by day (P < 0.01) for each MHC with the notable increase between days 0 and 56. Total nuclei density decreased (P = 0.02) over time. Cells positive for only Myf5 increased (P < 0.01) in density early in the feeding period, then declined, indicating that satellite cells were fusing into fibers. The dual-positive (PAX7+Myf5) nuclei also peaked (P < 0.01) around day 56 then declined. These data indicated that gene expression associated with oxidative proteins may be independent of vitamin A status in yearling cattle.

여자대학생의 녹차 및 영양소 섭취와 피부건강상태의 관련성

Several studies have investigated the relationship between diet and skin health. On the other hand, few studies have analyzed the effects of green tea intake on skin health. This study examined the effects of nutrient and green tea intake on the skin health condition by measuring skin hydration, elasticity, oil, pores, roughness, wrinkles, and melanin pigmentation in 104 female university students from Daegu, South Korea. The study subjects were divided into two groups: a green tea group who regularly drank two or more cups every day and a non-green tea group who did not drink any green tea. A questionnaire was used to obtain information from the study subjects regarding the amount and frequency of green tea intake and their nutrient intake. The skin health was analyzed using a skin diagnosis device. In summary, the average age of the subjects was 21.8 years old, and the mean BMI was 20.7 ㎏/㎡, which was in the normal range. The mean intake of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and potassium were significantly higher in the green tea group than in the non-green tea group. The mean values for skin hydration, pores, elasticity, oil, roughness, and melanin pigmentation were also in the normal range. The skin condition parameters, such as skin hydration, pores, elasticity, roughness, and melanin pigmentation, were similar in both groups. On the other hand, the skin oil contents were significantly higher in the non-green tea group than in the green tea group. In general, a higher intake of antioxidant vitamins correlates with a lower degree of oil, pores, and roughness. In conclusion, green tea intake decreases the skin oil content in female university students.

Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals and Breast Cancer Risk: Prospective Results from the SUN Cohort

There is growing interest in natural antioxidants and their potential effects on breast cancer (BC). Epidemiological evidence, however, is inconsistent. We prospectively evaluated the association between dietary intake of vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, and zinc and BC among 9983 female participants from the SUN Project, a Mediterranean cohort of university graduates. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline, and biennial follow-up information about incident BC diagnosis was collected. Cases were ascertained through revision of medical charts and consultation of the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). During an average follow-up of 11.3 years, 107 incident BC cases were confirmed. The multivariable HRs (95% CI) for BC comparing extreme tertiles of energy-adjusted dietary intakes were 1.07 (0.64–1.77; Ptrend = 0.673) for vitamin A, 1.00 (0.58–1.71; Ptrend = 0.846) for vitamin C, 0.92 (0.55–1.54; Ptrend = 0.728) for vitamin E, 1.37 (0.85–2.20; Ptrend = 0.135) for selenium, and 1.01 (0.61–1.69; Ptrend = 0.939) for zinc. Stratified analyses showed an inverse association between vitamin E intake and postmenopausal BC (HRT3 vs. T1 = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14–0.86; Ptrend = 0.027). Our results did not suggest significant protective associations between dietary vitamins A, C, and E, selenium, or zinc and BC risk.

Effect of Improving Dietary Structure on Serum 25(OH)VitD₃ Level in Hypertensive Patients in a Chinese Rural Area.

BackgroundIn this study, we explored the effect of an improved dietary pattern on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)VitD3] level in hypertensive patients in a rural setting and investigated the possible mechanism for lowering blood pressure.Material/MethodsThirty-three participants with overweight or obesity were randomly divided into 2 groups. A 24-h dietary review method was used for dietary assessment. Participants in both groups were provided the same balanced diet except for the breakfast staple food for 4 weeks. General characteristics, body composition analysis, blood pressure, serum lipid profile, inflammatory indices, and serum 25(OH)VitD3 level were assessed at baseline and at the completion of the 4-week dietary intervention. Nutrient intake was analyzed by dietary analysis software, and SPSS software was used for correlation and regression analyses.ResultsThirty-one participants completed the study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 100% at baseline. After the dietary intervention, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased to 45%. Levels of dietary intake of vitamin D, cholesterol, protein, fat, and calcium showed a significantly positive correlation with the serum 25(OH)VitD3 level. Body fat, visceral fat, waist-to-hip ratio, serum triglyceride, and Toll-2 expression were negatively correlated with the serum 25(OH)VitD3 level. Blood pressure had a significant negative correlation with 25(OH)VitD3 level. Participants in both groups experienced a significant decrease in blood pressure.ConclusionIntake of a balanced diet rich in vitamin D, with appropriate amounts of cholesterol, protein, calcium, and fat, helped improve body composition, ameliorated lipid metabolism disorder, reduced inflammation, and improved serum 25(OH)VitD3 level, thus lowering blood pressure.

Dietary micronutrients intake and plasma fibrinogen levels in the general adult population

Plasma fibrinogen predicts cardiovascular and nonvascular mortality. However, there is limited population-based evidence on the association between fibrinogen levels and dietary intakes of micronutrients possibly associated with inflammation status. Data were taken from the ENRICA study, conducted with 10,808 individuals representative of the population of Spain aged ≥ 18 years. Nutrient intake (vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, magnesium, selenium, zinc and iron) was estimated with a validated diet history, and plasma fibrinogen was measured under appropriate quality checks. Statistical analyses were performed with linear regression and adjusted for main confounders. The geometric means of fibrinogen (g/L) across increasing quintiles of nutrient intake were 3.22, 3.22, 3.22, 3.16, and 3.19 (p-trend = 0.030) for vitamin E; 3.23, 3.22, 3.20, 3.19, and 3.19 (p-trend = 0.047) for magnesium; and 3.24, 3.22, 3.19, 3.21, and 3.19 (p-trend = 0.050) for iron. These inverse associations were more marked in participants with abdominal obesity and aged ≥ 60 years, but lost statistical significance after adjustment for other nutrients. Although dietary intakes of vitamin E, magnesium and iron were inversely associated with fibrinogen levels, clinical implications of these findings are uncertain since these results were of very small magnitude and mostly explained by intake levels of other nutrients.