Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Survey of the ROAD Study.

Yuta Otsuka,Tomohiro Rogi,Chiaki Horii,Hiroyuki Oka,Toshiko Iidaka,Kozo Nakamura,Takayuki Izumo,Sakae Tanaka,Hiroshi Shibata,Noriko Yoshimura,Shigeyuki Muraki

doi:10.3390/nu13051730

Abstract

Dietary habits are of considerable interest as a modifiable factor for the maintenance of muscle health, especially sarcopenia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling Japanese subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability (ROAD) study, and 1345 participants (437 men and 908 women) aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. Sarcopenia was determined by the definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia established in 2014, and dietary intake was assessed with the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Overall, 77 subjects (5.7%) were identified as having sarcopenia, 5.0% of men and 6.1% of women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of sarcopenia for the dietary intake of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, 0.14 (CI 0.04–0.49), β-tocopherol (0.24, CI 0.07–0.78), γ-tocopherol (0.28, CI 0.09–0.87), and fats (fat 0.27, CI 0.08–0.96; monounsaturated fatty acids, 0.22, CI 0.07–0.72, polyunsaturated fatty acids, 0.28, CI 0.09–0.89) at the highest quantile were significantly lower compared with those at the lowest quantile. Therefore, higher dietary intakes of vitamin E and fats would be associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia.

Highlights

Sarcopenia is characterized by an age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and the loss of strength and/or physical function [1], and has become a worldwide social issue because sarcopenia induces a high risk of frailty, mobility limitation, and mortality in older populations [2]
The Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study was a prospective study of bone and joint diseases that consisted of population-based cohorts from several regions in Japan established in 2005
There were no significant differences in age and residence area, whereas height, weight, body mass index (BMI), current smoking habit, and current alcohol drinking habit were higher in men than in women

Summary

Introduction

The factors associated with sarcopenia are various and complicated, such as aging, body composition, diet, exercise habits, and inflammation status [1,3,4,5,6]. The importance of exercise and physical activity [5,7], as well as nutrition [4], has been well recognized as a modifiable factor for the maintenance of muscle health. There is considerable evidence that clearly shows the benefits of exercise interventions, especially resistance exercise training [8], for preventing and delaying the progression of sarcopenia in older people. Compared to exercise interventions, the amount of evidence regarding nutrition is less, and there is a need to better understand the association of dietary factors with sarcopenia

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