Dietary Mineral Intake Research Articles

Dietary habits as risk factor of gallstone disease in Benghazi, Libya: a case control study

Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most common diseases in developed and developing countries; recent studies have expressed evidence in the context of the role of nutrition in the gallstone disease etiology. The most common risk factors for gallstones formations are old age, female gender, obesity and diabetes mellitus. The dietary risk factors, includes consumption of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and dietary products, Moreover, healthy dietary pattern, coffee, rich sources of vitamins as fruits and vegetables do have protection role of gallstones. Our aim is to determine the dietary habits as a risk factor of gallstone diseases admitted in Al-Jala Hospital. Methods: An analytic case control study the data collected from documents of gall bladder stone (GBS) cases that have presented in surgical department and controls from other departments at Al Jala Hospital of Benghazi-Libya between January 2023 and December 2023. Results: The results of the study showed that cases diagnosed with GBS had high dietary intake of carbohydrates, fat, dairy products and meats and whereas had low dietary intake of vegetables and fruits which highly containing fibers, vitamins and minerals in contrast controls had low intake of carbohydrates, fat, dairy products and meats and whereas had high dietary intake of vegetables and fruit (vitamins and minerals) and caffeine. Conclusions: The study concluded that dietary risk factors that contributing to the high prevalence of gall stone formation were because of high intake of high carbohydrates, proteins and fatty diets and low intake of dietary fiber vitamins and minerals as well as caffeine also cases ender and high body mass index (BMI) play important role in gall stone formation.

Indirect Fortification of Traditional Nixtamalized Tortillas with Nixtamalized Corn Flours.

This work focused on the study of the indirect fortification of Mexican tortillas made from nixtamalized masa (NM) with nixtamalized commercial corn flour (NCC-F) fortified with Zn, Fe, vitamins and folic acid. The chemical proximate values (CPV), ash content, mineral composition by inductively coupled plasma, in vitro protein digestibility (PD), protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), the total starch content, the resistant starch (RS) content in nixtamalized corn tortillas (NC-T) and nixtamalized commercial corn flour tortillas (NCCF-T) and the contribution of tortillas prepared with a mixture of NM and NCC-F (75:25 and 50:50, NM:NCC-F) to the recommended dietary intake (RDI) of minerals and vitamins were determined. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in CPV and RS content between NCCF-T and NC-T. Ca content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in NC-T than in NCCF-T, while Fe, K, Zn, folic acid contents, PD and PDCAAS content was higher in NCCF-T compared to NC-T (p < 0.05). The tortillas made with a mixture of NM and NCC-F (50:50) provide 43.07% of the RDI of Ca for Mexican children and adults, while ~45% and >100% of the RDI of Mg for adults and children, respectively, are provided by these tortillas. Similarly, tortillas from the NM:NCC-F mixture (50:50) provide average values of 45, 71 and ~91% of the RDI of Fe, Zn and folic acid, respectively, for all age groups of the Mexican population. NCCF-T contribute significantly to the recommended daily intake (RDI) of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, magnesium and folic acid, while tortillas made from the traditional nixtamalized corn of the Mexican diet have a higher calcium content. Tortillas made from a mixture of NCC-F and traditional NM may be an effective way to address micronutrient deficiencies in the Mexican population.

The associations of dietary manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium and magnesium with cognitive outcomes in Chinese adults: a cross sectional study in Shanghai.

The role of individual nutrients including vitamins and minerals in cognitive function gained increasing attention in recent years. With regard to the association between dietary minerals and cognitive function, the results of human studies are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to explore the association between mineral intake and cognitive function using the data from Shanghai Health and Nutrition Survey (SHNS) in 2018. In total, 835 adults were included in a crosssectional study, and completed a three-day dietary record to estimate their average daily intake of minerals. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for the assessment of cognitive function, and logistic regression analyses were performed on participants to examine the association between dietary mineral intake and cognitive performance. The participants were divided into tertiles according to their mineral intake. Participants in the second and third tertile of the dietary copper intake had lower rates of low MMSE scores compared to those in the lowest tertile. We found the adjusted OR and 95%CI values were 0.44 (0.21-0.89) and 0.40 (0.16-0.94), respectively. Participants in the second tertile of dietary magnesium intake showed a trend of lower rates of low MMSE score compared to those in the lowest tertile (p = 0.06). The adjusted OR and 95%CI values were 0.35 (0.16-0.72). No significant association were observed between any of the other minerals including iron, zinc, selenium and manganese and cognitive function. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of copper and magnesium may have a protective effect on cognitive performance in elderly over 60 years old. To prevent cognitive decline, elderly should get recommended amounts of copper and magnesium from diet or supplements.

Sex-specific association of total mineral intake with pulmonary function in middle-aged and older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of dietary intake and supplementation of total magnesium, iron, zinc and selenium on pulmonary function in middle-aged to elderly individuals diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study utilized publicly available data from NHANES, focusing on the 2007–2012 cycles to include participants aged 50 and above with COPD. The definition of COPD followed the 2024 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. Dietary mineral intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recall surveys. Pulmonary function assessments included parameters such as forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF 25–75%), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Sex-specific associations of total magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium intakes with pulmonary function parameters were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusted by potential covariates. The study sample had a mean age of 64.56 ± 8.26 years, with 35% being female. The median intakes of total magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium for males were 312.8 mg, 15.6 mg, 14.4 mg, and 127.9 mcg, respectively, while for females, they were 257.5 mg, 12.8 mg, 11.4 mg, and 96.2 mcg. In males, higher total magnesium and iron intake were significantly associated with increased FEV1, FVC, and PEF (P < 0.05), while in females, only total zinc intake showed a positive association with PEF (P < 0.05). Participants meeting the recommended dietary allowance for total magnesium also exhibited significantly better lung function outcomes in both sexes. This study highlights the importance of adequate dietary mineral intake in managing pulmonary health among COPD patients. Enhancing mineral consumption, particularly magnesium, and iron, may be a viable strategy for improving lung function and overall health in this population, especially in men.

Influence of milling processing on mineral and proximate composition of maize products

AbstractMaize and maize products are major staples consumed worldwide and contain dietary nutrients essential for human nutrition. Processing methods influence the safety and nutritional quality of maize products. This study investigated the effect of different milling processing factors on the mineral and proximate composition of maize products. The study also estimated the contribution of maize products to daily mineral intake. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the mineral content of samples. Proximate composition was determined using methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. A multiple 24‐h dietary recall was used to estimate daily mineral intake of respondents who consume maize products in a cross‐sectional study. The results obtained showed that milling methods influenced the mineral and proximate compositions of the maize products. Mineral content in the milled maize samples followed the order P &gt; Mg &gt; Zn &gt; Fe. The wet milling method retained the highest Fe and P contents, whereas the dried milled sample showed an increased Mg content. The estimated daily mineral intakes of participants were below the World Health Organization recommended standard limits. The respondents were at risk of deficiency of the minerals Fe and Mg. Public health education on sufficient dietary intake of these essential minerals should be intensified.

Associations between micronutrient intakes and psoriasis severity: the Asking People with Psoriasis about Lifestyle and Eating cross-sectional study

Psoriasis is a chronic debilitating skin disease driven by pro-inflammatory immunological pathways. Research examining the effect of micronutrient supplementation on the severity of psoriasis has extensively focused on vitamin D and magnesium, yielding conflicting findings(1). As part of the Asking People with Psoriasis about Lifestyle and Eating (APPLE) study; micronutrients intakes were estimated in people with psoriasis for comparison with Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) and to examine associations with psoriasis severity.The APPLE study was a cross-sectional internet-based survey recruiting adult volunteers with psoriasis residing in the United Kingdom (King’s College London Research Ethics Committee LRS/DP-21/22-29257; NCT05448352). Volunteers were recruited between June 2022-January 2024 through social media. Psoriasis severity and diet were self-reported with validated tools, the self-assessed Simplified Psoriasis Index and a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Micronutrient constituents were determined using the Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/composition-of-foods-integrated-datasetcofid).The demographic characteristics of the study population (n = 270) comprised of a White-British (88%), middle-aged (median (IQR) age of 40 (20.0) years), female majority (82%), reporting a median body mass index (BMI) of 25.8 (8.2) kg/m2. Two-thirds (66%) of both males and females reported intakes below sex-specific RNIs for calcium. Approximately 80% of both males and females reported an iodine intake below 140 µg/day and more than 90% did not meet the 10 µg/day dietary recommendation for vitamin D. Most males (93%) and females (80%) did not meet the RNI for selenium intake. Two-thirds of women aged 18-50 years reported dietary iron intakes below the RNI of 14.8 mg/day. Intakes for other vitamin and minerals met dietary requirements. Magnesium (β = −0.197, P&lt;0.01), copper (β = −0.174, P&lt;0.01) and iron (β = −0.127, P&lt;0.05) were significantly inversely associated with psoriasis severity, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, and diagnosed depression/anxiety. These associations with psoriasis severity were no longer significant when additionally adjusted for BMI.There is a lack of studies examining dietary mineral intakes in populations with psoriasis, although some reports suggest people with psoriasis have a lower iron and magnesium status compared with control groups(2,3). Our preliminary data suggests that dietary screening of micronutrient intakes as part of routine care may be beneficial in people with psoriasis. Additional research is warranted to explore the effects of mineral intakes and physiological mineral status in people living with psoriasis. Minerals are key regulators of cellular and immunological responses which is of relevance to population groups with underlying immune-mediated conditions such as psoriasis.

Associations between nine dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Varied intake of dietary minerals critically affects cardiovascular health. This study examines the associations of nine dietary minerals intake with all-cause mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). This study analyzed 4,125 individuals with ASCVD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, employing Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, weighted Cox models, and restricted cubic splines to assess linear and nonlinear relationships between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality. Associations across different body mass index (BMI) categories were also evaluated separately. Over 6.25 years of median follow-up, 1,582 deaths were documented. Adjusted for potential covariates, results show a negative linear correlation between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality (p for trend <0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile, all-cause mortality risk in the highest quartile was found to be 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.81). The associations between intake of the other eight dietary minerals and all-cause mortality were not robust. BMI significantly influenced the links between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality (p for interaction <0.05). Across BMI categories, significant negative associations were found between intake of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and copper and all-cause mortality in underweight or normal weight groups. In overweight individuals, intake of calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium was negatively linked to all-cause mortality. For obese groups, sodium intake negatively affected all-cause mortality (p for trend <0.001). Unlike other dietary minerals, increased magnesium intake significantly reduced all-cause mortality risk in ASCVD. BMI influenced the associations between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality.

Micronization of wholewheat flour increases iron bioavailability from hydrothermally processed wheat flour dough

Cereal products contribute significantly to dietary intake of essential minerals. In wheat, iron and zinc are stored in specific grain structures including the aleurone, scutellum and embryo. Wheat cell walls are resistant to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract and therefore this study investigated the hypothesis that physical disruption of the cell walls would increase the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron and zinc from wheat-based foods. Flour was micronized using a combination of roller milling and a micro-mill and this reduced median particle size by two-thirds. Hydrothermally processed wheat flour doughs were subjected to in vitro digestion to determine mineral bioaccessibility. Mineral bioavailability from food digests was measured using human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Iron (but not zinc) bioavailability from wheat foods made using the micronized flour (2.5 ± 0.5 nmol/mg cell protein) was increased significantly compared with foods produced from standard milled flour (1.3 ± 0.1 nmol/mg cell protein; P = 0.031). Micronization of wheat flour has the potential to increase the absorption of the endogenous iron present in cereal foods and this might have health benefits for population groups with poor iron status.

Association between dietary mineral intakes and urine flow rate: data from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Minerals play an important role in human health, but their effect on urinary function remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary intake of minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Se) and urine flow rate (UFR). We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2009-2018) database. Multivariate regression and smooth curve fitting were used to investigate the association between dietary mineral intakes and UFR. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were used to investigate whether this association was stable in the population. Our study involving 10,229 representative adult NHANES participants showed an association between Mg intake and UFR in a linear regression model for continuous variables. And in the model analysis of tertile categorical variables, we observed a positive association between six mineral intakes (Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, and K) and UFR. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis further support the nonlinear relationship between mineral intakes and UFR. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests ensured the reliability and robustness of the findings. This study examined the effects of nine dietary minerals on UFR and found that intake of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, and K were positively correlated with UFR, suggesting that these minerals may have a positive effect on improving urinary function. In particular, Mg showed a more significant positive correlation with UFR in women, while Na showed a stronger positive correlation in diabetics. However, P, Fe and Se did not show significant correlations. In summary, although these findings provide a preliminary understanding of the relationship between dietary minerals and urinary function, further prospective studies are still necessary to validate these relationships and explore the physiologic mechanisms underlying them.

Dietary mineral intake and risk of bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between dietary mineral intake and the risk of bladder cancer. Relevant studies on bladder cancer and dietary mineral intake, including sodium, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, were systematically identified through searches in Scopus and PubMed up to July 2024. Data from 12 studies were pooled using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis of 12 studies indicated a positive association between higher dietary sodium intake and bladder cancer risk (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.04-2.55), with significant heterogeneity observed. No clear linear or nonlinear dose-response relationship was found for sodium intake. However, no significant associations were found between the intake of other minerals and the risk of bladder cancer. This study suggests that a high intake of sodium is significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Further research is needed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship.

The Association between Dietary Intakes of Vitamins and Minerals with Tinnitus.

Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound in the ears or head which may result from inflammation of the auditory pathway. A healthy diet consisting of a range of vitamins and minerals may be protective against tinnitus. This study aims to determine the association between intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals and the prevalence and incidence of tinnitus over 10 years. In this longitudinal cohort study of 2947 participants (aged ≥ 50 years), 935 (32%) cases of tinnitus were identified and included in prevalence analyses. The remaining 2012 participants were followed to establish 10-year incidence of tinnitus. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals. No significant associations with tinnitus prevalence were found. However, iron and zinc were significantly associated with incident tinnitus. There was a 44% (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07-1.93) increased risk of developing incident tinnitus over 10 years with lower zinc intakes and a 35% increased risk with lower iron intakes (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00-1.80). Higher intakes of zinc and iron were significantly associated with lower tinnitus risk. Due to a lack of comparable high-quality data, future research studies should include robust study designs.

Dietary Intake of Minerals and Potential Human Exposure to Toxic Elements via Coffee Consumption.

In this study, we investigated the levels of macro, minor, and trace elements in roasted ground and instant coffees (n = 56). We assessed dietary mineral intake and health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.13 µg/kg for Be to 3.7 mg/kg for K, with corresponding limits of quantification (LOQ) at 0.43 µg/kg and 12.2 mg/kg. The recovery values (R%) ranged from 89 to 107%. The most abundant element was K, followed by Mg, Ca, and Na. Other elements followed this order: Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Sr > Zn > Al > Ba > Ni > Cr > Co > Se > Sn > Pb > Li > Ag > V > As > Cd > Hg > Be. Instant coffees generally exhibited higher K, Mg, and Na levels than ground-roasted coffees. Notably, Hg, Li, and Se were not detected in 34, 2, and 1 samples, respectively. Coffee samples were generally a good source of dietary elements such as Cu, Mn, Cr, and Se. The PTEs found in coffee products posed negligible risks to human health. The total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) remained below 1, and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) did not exceed the threshold of 1 × 10-6. Nevertheless, coffee consumption contributed to Pb and As levels below 15% of the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) values, and Sn, Hg, and Cd levels below 0.90% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI).

Dietary Minerals and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes among Never-Smokers in a Danish Case-Cohort Study.

Background: Diet is known to impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence for the essential minerals of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) is inconsistent. Methods: We conducted a case-cohort study within a non-smoking subgroup of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, a prospective study of 50-64-year-olds recruited between 1993-1997. We identified incident heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke cases through 2015 with an 1135-member subcohort. We measured the dietary intake of minerals, also known as elements, and calculated a combined dietary intake (CDI) score based on joint Ca, Mg and K intakes (mg/d) from Food Frequency Questionnaires. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Most HRs examining associations between CDI score and CVD were null. However, the third quartile of CDI was associated with a lower risk for heart failure (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.17), AMI (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.04), and stroke (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.88). Conclusions: We did not find consistent evidence to suggest that higher levels of essential minerals are associated with incident HF, AMI, and stroke, though results suggest a potential U-shaped relationship between select minerals and CVD outcomes.

Matrix first, minerals later: fine-tuned dietary phosphate increases bone formation in zebrafish.

Bone matrix formation and mineralization are two closely related, yet separated processes. Matrix formation occurs first, mineralization is a second step strictly dependent on the dietary intake of calcium and phosphorus (P). However, mineralization is commonly used as diagnostic parameter for bone-related diseases. In this context, bone loss, often characterized as a condition with reduced bone mineral density, represents a major burden for human health, for which increased dietary mineral intake is generally recommended. Using a counterintuitive approach, we use a low-P diet followed by a sufficient-P intake to increase bone volume. We show in zebrafish by histology, qPCR, micro-CT, and enzyme histochemistry that a two-months period of reduced dietary P intake stimulates extensive formation of new bone matrix, associated with the upregulation of key genes required for both bone matrix formation and mineralization. The return to a P-sufficient diet initiates the mineralization of the abundant matrix previously deposited, thus resulting in a striking increase of the mineralized bone volume as proven at the level of the vertebral column, including vertebral bodies and arches. In summary, bone matrix formation is first stimulated with a low-P diet, and its mineralization is later triggered by a sufficient-P dietary intake. In zebrafish, the uncoupling of bone formation and mineralization by alternating low and sufficient dietary P intake significantly increases the bone volume without causing skeletal malformations or ectopic mineralization. A modification of this approach to stimulate bone formation, optimized for mammalian models, can possibly open opportunities to support treatments in patients that suffer from low bone mass.

Fostering healthy aging through selective nutrition: A long-term comparison of two dietary patterns and their holistic impact on mineral status in middle-aged individuals—A randomized controlled intervention trial in Germany

Aging is associated with a decline in physiological functions and an increased risk of age-related diseases, emphasizing the importance of identifying dietary strategies for healthy aging. Minerals play a crucial role in maintaining optimal health during aging, making them relevant targets for investigation. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effect of different dietary pattern on mineral status in the elderly. We included 502 individuals aged 50–80 years in a 36-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) (NutriAct study). This article focuses on the results within the two-year intervention period. NutriAct is not a mineral-modulating-targeted intervention study, rather examining nutrition in the context of healthy aging in general. However, mineral status might be affected in an incidental manner. Participants were assigned to either NutriAct dietary pattern (proportionate intake of total energy consumption (%E) of 35–45 %E carbohydrates, 35–40 %E fats, and 15–25 %E protein) or the German Nutrition Society (DGE) dietary pattern (proportionate intake of total energy consumption (%E) of 55 %E carbohydrates, 30 %E fats, and 15 %E protein), differing in the composition of macronutrients. Data from 368 participants regarding dietary intake (energy, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc) and serum mineral concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, and manganese, free zinc, and selenoprotein P were analyzed at baseline, as well as after 12 and 24 months to gain comprehensive insight into the characteristics of the mineral status. Additionally, inflammatory status - sensitive to changes in mineral status - was assessed by measurement of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. At baseline, inadequate dietary mineral intake and low serum concentrations of zinc and selenium were observed in both dietary patterns. Throughout two years, serum zinc concentrations decreased, while an increase of serum selenium, manganese and magnesium concentrations was observable, likely influenced by both dietary interventions. No significant changes were observed for serum calcium, iron, copper, or iodine concentrations. In conclusion, long-term dietary interventions can influence serum mineral concentrations in a middle-aged population. Our findings provide valuable insights into the associations between dietary habits, mineral status, and disease, contributing to dietary strategies for healthy aging.

A cross-sectional analysis of the PURE study on minerals intake among Malaysian adult population with hypertension

Hypertension (HPT) is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and premature death worldwide. Currently, attention is given to various dietary approaches with a special focus on the role of micronutrient intake in the regulation of blood pressure. This study aims to measure the dietary intake of selected minerals among Malaysian adults and its association with HPT. This cross-sectional study involved 10,031 participants from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological study conducted in Malaysia. Participants were grouped into HPT if they reported having been diagnosed with high blood pressure [average systolic blood pressure (SBP)/average diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 140/90 mm Hg]. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to measure participants' habitual dietary intake. The dietary mineral intake of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc was measured. The chi-square test was used to assess differences in socio-demographic factors between HPT and non-HPT groups, while the Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess differences in dietary mineral intake between the groups. The participants’ average dietary intake of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc was 591.0 mg/day, 3.8 mg/day, 27.1 mg/day, 32.4 mg/day, 0.4 mg/day, 1431.1 mg/day, 2.3 g/day, 27.1 µg/day, 4526.7 mg/day and 1.5 mg/day, respectively. The intake was significantly lower among those with HPT than those without HPT except for calcium and manganese. Continuous education and intervention should be focused on decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, and calcium intake for the general Malaysian population, particularly for the HPT patients.

Plasma levels and dietary intake of minerals in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A case-control study

Background and aimDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Altered mineral levels leading to adverse outcomes are widely reported in diabetes but limited in DKD, in the Indian scenario, hence this study was taken up to address this issue. MethodsA hospital-based case-control study was taken up with 54 healthy controls (C) and 140 subjects with type 2 diabetes wherein 74 subjects with diabetes and CKD formed the DKD group, and 66 subjects with diabetes but no CKD formed the diabetic no-chronic kidney disease (DNCKD) group. High-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the blood levels of minerals (calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)), and a raw food-based food frequency questionnaire for dietary intakes. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation (mL/min/1.73 m2) and albuminuria. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the categorical variables. ResultsThe median values of plasma Ca in the DKD group were significantly lower compared with the DNCKD and C groups (10.5 mg/dL vs. 11.0 mg/dL and 11.7 mg/dL, p<0.001). Furthermore, plasma Ca levels lowered with declining kidney function, as evidenced by the eGFR and albuminuria segregation. Dietary intake of minerals did not correlate with the corresponding plasma levels. However, in the DKD group, eGFR correlated positively with the plasma levels of Ca (r= 0.422, p=0.001), Cr (r= 0.351, p=0.008), Mn (r= 0.338, p=0.011), Fe (r= 0.403, p=0.002), Cu (r= 0.274, p=0.041) and negatively with Se (r= −0.486, p<0.001). ConclusionPlasma Ca levels are lower in the DKD group with a strong positive association with eGFR, indicating its role in predicting the onset and progression of kidney function decline.

Dietary mineral intakes predict Coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence and hospitalization in older adults

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary mineral intake and Coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and its associated hospitalization.MethodsThis cohort study utilized the MASHAD study population, which comprised individuals aged 35–65. Upon recruitment in 2007, dietary intake was documented using a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data on COVID-19 PCR test results was collected from all relevant medical centers in Mashhad between February 2020 and June 2022. The regression model included dietary minerals and employed the backward variable selection method, along with advanced data analysis techniques.ResultsThe final analysis involved 1957 participants, including 193 COVID-19-positive patients. The mean age was 49.71 and 50.28 years in the COVID-19-positive and negative groups, respectively (p = 0.12). Dietary intakes of magnesium, iron, and potassium were notably lower in COVID-19-positive patients (P < 0.05). Following adjustments for age and sex, dietary iron remained significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98). Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between dietary zinc and hospitalization due to COVID-19 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.93). In dynamical system models, intakes of calcium, zinc, and iron below the cut-offs of 1138, 9.7, and 8.17 mg/day, respectively, were linked to an increased risk of COVID-19 incidence.ConclusionHigher dietary iron and zinc intake are associated with decreased risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, respectively.

Breastmilk mineral composition among well-educated mothers from Central Poland – Associations with maternal dietary intake, dietary patterns and infant psychomotor development

BackgroundMaternal dietary habits could affect breastmilk mineral composition, which may influence infant development. Mineral dietary intake or supplementation slightly affects its breastmilk concentration. However, the intake of selected food groups or dietary patterns that reflect diet complexity could have a greater impact. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess breastmilk mineral composition at one, three, and six months of lactation among mothers living in urban area of Central Poland, as well as the evaluate maternal dietary determinants and associations with infant anthropometric and psychomotor development. MethodsThe study was conducted among 43 healthy and exclusively breastfeeding mothers. In the first, third, and sixth months of lactation, we collected breastmilk samples and assessed the concentration of Ca, P, Zn, Fe, Se, Ni, As, Pb, and Cd using the ICP-MS method. Maternal dietary habits were evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire in the first month of lactation, whereas in the third and sixth by the three-day food record. Based on the collected data adherence to the Polish-adapted Mediterranean (Pl-aMED; 1 month) and the DASH diet (Mellen’s Index; 3 and 6 months) was assessed. In the third and sixth months of lactation infant anthropometric parameters and the sixth month of lactation psychomotor development were evaluated. ResultsBreastmilk Se, Ni, As, Pb, and Cd levels were under the LOQ in all the breastmilk samples at all study visits. Median breastmilk mineral concentrations of Ca, P, Zn, and Fe in the first, third, and sixth months of lactation varied from 381.9 to 332.7 mg/L, 161.6 to 139.1 mg/L, 2.2 to 0.8 mg/L, and 0.26 to 0.17 mg/L, respectively. Maternal dietary intake and supplementation did not affect breastmilk Ca, P, Zn, and Fe. Pl-aMED scores were associated with breastmilk Ca (β = 0.489, 95% CI 0.180 – 0.799, p = 0.003) and Zn (β = 0.499, 95% CI 0.199 – 0.798, p = 0.002) in the first month of lactation, whereas no association with the DASH diet were observed in the third and sixth month of lactation. Breastmilk Fe in the third month was associated with infant motor development (β = 0.420, 95% CI 0.113 – 0.727, p = 0.009) in the sixth month of life, but no other associations with anthropometric or psychomotor development were observed. Moreover, we estimated that few infants meet their adequate intake (AI) requirements for P, Zn, and Fe. ConclusionOur study showed that maternal adherence to Pl-aMED is a significant predictor of breastmilk Ca and Zn in the first month of lactation, which may be especially important considering that more than 75% of infants had inadequate Zn intake. Moreover, we found that breastmilk Fe positively influenced infant motor development, despite the majority of infants having inadequate intake. On the other hand, no infant had deficiency symptoms, which emphasizes the necessity to evaluate of AI norms for infants.

Correlation of dietary mineral intake and malnutrition in cancer patients: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Correlation of dietary mineral intake and malnutrition in cancer patients: A multicenter cross-sectional study