Diesel Power Plant Research Articles

Optimal Capacity and Location Wind Turbine to Minimize Power Losses Using NSGA-II

Voltage deviations and power losses in the distribution network can be handled in various ways, such as adding diesel power plants and wind turbines. Adaut Village, Tanimbar Islands Regency, Maluku Province has installed a diesel power plant with a capacity of 1,200 kW, while the average hourly electricity load is 374.9 kW. Adaut Village has high wind potential that can be used for distributed generations namely wind turbine (WT). WT can be used to improve power quality in terms of power losses and voltage deviations. In adding WT, the capacity and location must be determined to get good power quality in terms of power loss and voltage deviation. The research applied an optimization technique for determining the capacity and location of WT using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) with an objective function of power losses and voltage deviation. In addition, the economic aspects of the power plant were calculated using the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The research used scenarios based on the number of WT installed. The best results were obtained in scenario IV or 4 WT with 1.38 kW on Bus 2, 422.43 kW on Bus 15, 834.33 kW on Bus 30, and 380.81 kW on Bus 31 which could reduce power losses by 80% with an LCOE value of Rp7,113.15/kWh. The addition of the WT could also increase the voltage profile to close to 1 pu, which means it can minimize the voltage deviation in the distribution network.

A Geospatial Approach to Energy Planning in Aid of Just Energy Transition in Small Island Communities in the Philippines

Providing electricity in off-grid island communities is a big challenge, exacerbated by the high cost of transporting fossil fuels and the non-viability of extending grid connections. Installing renewable energy systems in these areas is deemed a practical solution, especially supporting just energy transitions in these communities. However, the lack of information about resource availability and the most suitable locations hinders effective planning. This paper aims to determine the sufficiency of available renewable energy sources to meet the electricity demand of off-grid island communities. It is achieved through a three-phased approach: (1) an assessment stage; (2) geospatial analysis; and (3) technical potential estimation. The approach is applied in three island communities in Palawan, namely Araceli, Balabac, and Cuyo, where a diesel power plant currently provides electricity to its households and commercial/institutional establishments. The results indicate that the three islands can be powered by 3, 1.5, and 11 MW solar photovoltaic farms, respectively, which is sufficient to meet the projected demand until 2030. The approach can be helpful, especially for off-grid island communities, as they plan to provide universal electricity access using renewable energy sources.

Design of Hybrid (PV-Diesel) System for Tourist Island in Karimunjawa Indonesia

The main problem with electricity supply on densely populated islands is reliable, low-carbon, and sustainable electricity. The availability of potential energy needs in-depth observation to ensure that the system can be built sustainably. This paper examines the integration of PV systems and diesel power systems on Karimunjawa Island to meet the need for reliable systems from economic, ecological, and technological aspects. Using the DigSilent Power Factory program to obtain the system response interference and penetration of the Photovoltaic (PV) system. Furthermore, this paper also tests short circuit analysis and economic feasibility analysis while validating the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and Electric Production Cost (EPC) approaches. The results show that the availability of irradiation can handle the electricity needs on Karimunjawa Island. In addition, it proposes the designed requirements for an integrated PV power system and Diesel Power Plant (DPP) system. The research has also captured the synergistic profile of PV and DPP working coordination within 24 h.

Modeling electricity supply in a small island: A case study in Sebira island, Indonesia

Sebira is a small island located at the northernmost of the Thousand Islands, Indonesia. The Electricity supply at the island uses an isolated network system for its territory. This study aims to model a system of electrical energy supply in Sebira Island. We explore literature studies related to the electricity supply system to support our model to be more representative. We then describe the system with a Causal Loop Diagram and a Stock Flow Diagram. The current electricity supply comes from solar power plants 400 kWp and three units diesel power plants with capacities of 125 kVA (2 units) and 250 kVA (1 unit). In this model, we consider the variables of population growth, initial investment, electricity shortages, fuel costs, profits, and margins. Furthermore, we create two scenarios in the simulation, with and without additional wave energy. The results show that in a sufficiently long period, the second scenario (with extra wave energy) is more profitable for the electricity supply in Sebira Island; however, it requires more initial investment than the first scenario.

Performance of a Gasifier Reactor Prototype without a Blower Using Palm Oil Waste

The usage of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFBs) in the gasification process adds value to the empty bunches as a renewable energy source. In this study, we design and manufacture a new updraft type of gasifier reactor without a blower so that it does not require electric power in its operation, but uses power from engine suction. Our test results compare the use of biomass waste in conjunction with diesel fuel to run a diesel power plant for 20 min at a load of 10,000 W: diesel with coconut shell charcoal (350 mL), diesel with acacia wood charcoal (380 mL), and diesel with EFB charcoal (400 mL). The test shows that the highest efficient and the most optimal biomass in the gasification process is coconut shell charcoal, because coconut shell charcoal has a dense structure and, at the time of the experiment, the coconut shell charcoal was filled 15 cm below the gas outlet pipe hole. From the standpoint of the economic value of the gasifier reactor that is proposed in this study, the result with the lowest cost is that of diesel with EFB charcoal, because, in this experiment, EFBs were the biomass that was not purchased. The additional use of empty fruit bunches of charcoal is able to save 50% diesel usage.

Planning of electrical energy for the Galapagos Islands using different renewable energy technologies

The present study focuses on the planning of electrical energy for the Galapagos islands using different renewable energy technologies for the year 2031 in order to reduce diesel consumption and achieve 100% renewable energy share. To do that, a long-term load demand forecast study on the Santa Cruz and Baltra islands (Galapagos), applying Artificial Neural Networks, is done. Then, to optimize the islands’ power system, mostly based on diesel generation, different renewable energy technologies together with energy storage systems, such as batteries and hydraulic pumping, have been analyzed through the application of the HOMER Pro-software. For this purpose, two energy control models have been developed to gradually reduce the operating hours of the diesel power plant. The results show that these islands can achieve 100% renewable penetration with the following configuration: photovoltaic/wind turbines/batteries/pumping hydroelectric storage system/diesel generators (only as back-up). This implies increasing the photovoltaic capacity by 26 MWp and installing a pumped hydraulic storage of 374 MWh. In this way, the electricity generation cost would be reduced from $ 0.32/kWh to $ 0.23/kWh, and the CO2 emissions would decrease by 16,000 tons of CO2 into the environment.

THE ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE INDONESIA

Electricity installed in Lampung is still a power plant with fossil fuels such as steam power plants, diesel power plants, gas engine power plants, and gas power plants. For this reason, it is necessary to make a revolution in the use of fuel in Indonesia, especially in Lampung, by reducing the use of fossil fuels and increasing the use of new fuels or renewable energy. Renewable energy sources are energy sources that are produced from sustainable energy resources if managed properly, including geothermal, wind, bio-energy, sunlight, water flows, and falls, as well as movement and differences in sea layer temperature. Lampung Province itself has a lot of potential renewable energy. With the existing potential, to preserve the environment, it is necessary to increase electricity production using renewable energy. The minimum addition from the current one is 50% for fossil energy and 50% for renewable energy. However, the existing obstacles need to be resolved with the support of the Government and the general public. So that in the future electricity production can increasingly focus on the use of renewable energy.Keywords: Energy Management, Renewable Energy, ElectricityJEL Classifications: Q2, Q40, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11549

Optimization of the Belinyu solar power plant to reduce emissions of waste gas in diesel power plant

The operation of a diesel power plant not only improves reliability but also has an impact on the environment in the Belinyu sub-district. The purpose of this PLTD development is to meet the increasing electricity demand. Environmental aspects in the construction of this PLTD include exhaust gas emission factors which are pivotal to notice. Meanwhile, this low emission power plant located next to the diesel power plant has not yet had an optimal operating pattern because there is no energy storage system. By optimizing the design of the solar power plant and optimization the operating pattern of the diesel power plant, it has the potential to reduce the operating hours of the diesel power plant engine as well as the potential to reduce exhaust gas emissions in the amount of 0.0060264 mn tons CO2/year.

Implementation of Power Plants Based on Renewable Energy Sources in the Primorsky Krai

The results of calculations presented in the article show the effectiveness of the transition from diesel power plants using imported fuel to installations using renewable energy sources – solar cells and wind generators. Studies have shown that for Primorsky Krai such a transition is justified, despite significant capital costs, and the payback period for new power plants based on renewable energy sources is about 8 years.

Prospects for the Wind Energy Use for Power and Heat Supply to Decentralized Consumers in the Western Sector of the Russian Arctic

An issue of the possible involvement of wind turbines in the power and heat supply of remote dispersed consumers in the Arctic (meteorological stations, lighthouses, border outposts, army and navy facilities, hunting seats, fishermen and geophysical explorers’ bases, etc.) is considered. The need for the functioning of the consumers remains in the long term. The study of the wind energy potential in the western sector of the Russian Arctic showed emerging prerequisites to be favourable for the efficient use of this renewable energy source in the coastal areas of the Barents and White Seas. Average annual wind speed at a height of 10 m in the areas mentioned are 6-8 m/s. There is a pronounced seasonal wind intensity maximum, which coincides with the seasonal maximum of the consumer’s demand for power and heat. Exemplified by facilities located in the coastal Kola Peninsula, it is shown that it is possible to save a significant amount of expensive imported fuel combusted at diesel power plants and boiler rooms, and thereby to reduce the generated electricity and heat costs by 25-40%, when implementing wind turbines.

The Potential of Renewable Energy Generations at Barrang Caddi Island

Makassar is the capital city of South Sulawesi Province in Indonesia, is a city that has dozens of small inhabited islands. This geographical condition causes the distribution of electrification for islands in Makassar City to be uneven and forces the government to supply diesel power plant (Diesel-PP) to these islands as the main source of electrical energy for their electricity needs. One of them is Barrang Caddi Island. This island is not electrified by State Electricity Enterprise or PLN Makassar City. The Makassar City Government has fulfilled the electricity needs on Barrang Caddi Island in the form of Diesel-PP. However, the operation of the diesel generator set is only limited to 8 hours at night which is managed independently by the island community. For this reason, the hope of fulfilling electricity for 24 hours (day and night) on Barrang Caddi Island is by utilizing the island’s new and renewable energy (NRE) potential. One source of NRE is energy from the sun. This paper shows the potential of renewable energy, especially solar energy on Barrang Caddi Island to meet the electrical energy of the island’s people.

Investment Analysis for Submarine Power Cable Project Between Belakang Padang Island and Sambu Island

PT Pertamina (Persero) Riau Islands proposed the installation of electrical power for the fuel storage tank terminal on Sambu Island with a capacity of 7 MVA. Currently, Sambu Island is still receiving electricity by operating a Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) with diesel fuel.
 Seeing that the nearest electricity supply from Sambu Island is Pulau Belakang Padang Electricity, then as a business solution to be able to meet the demand of PT Pertamina (Persero), PT PLN Batam will build a submarine cable between Sambu Island – Pulau Belakang Padang to distribute electricity from the Power Plant in Batam to Sambu Island through the Belakang Padang Island.
 PT PLN Batam must obtain a reference regarding the feasibility of investing in the construction of a submarine cable between Belakang Padang – Sambu Island. To get this reference, an investment analysis must be carried out to determine the business feasibility of this submarine cable development.
 The business feasibility parameters to be analyzed are NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), BCR (Benefit to Cost Ratio) and PBP (Payback Period). To further refine the business feasibility analysis, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to see the effect of changes in investment parameters.
 After conducting investment analysis, it was found that the Capital was carried out with a portion of 30% from equity and 70% loans from domestic financial institutions after comparing with foreign financial institutions, and the construction of this submarine cable was declared feasible because it met all the feasibility parameters. business, where NPV > 0, BCR > 1, IRR > Discount Rate and PBP < Loan Tenor.
 With the construction of the submarine cable, PT PLN Batam will get a potential profit of Rp. 12.358.560.473, - in the first year after the operation of the submarine cable with an electricity tariff of Rp. 2,054 /Kwh. This electricity tariff is cheaper than the electricity tariff using PLTD of Rp 3,000/Kwh.

Planning for clean energy utilization in the provision of clean water on Barrang Caddi Island

Barrang Caddi Island has a Diesel Power Plant (Genset) of 340 kVA which is operated by self-management by the local community and cannot meet the electricity needs of the community because the Genset only operates for 8 hours at night. The discontinuity of the Genset operation on Barrang Caddi Island makes the Ready to Drink Water Machine or Arsinum on the island to provide its own electrical energy which is supplied by a 15 kVA Genset machine that operates 24 hours/day. The drinking water produced by Arsinum is clean water but has the potential to produce environmental pollution because the power plant used is diesel fuel. In addition, the cost of electrical energy will also increase due to the increasing price of oil. Therefore, planning is carried out to optimize the operation of Arsinum by making several models of power plants that can supply the machine. From the planning results, it was found that the optimal Hybrid Power Plant (Genset – Solar Power Plant) model to be applied so that it could supply electrical energy of 128092 kWh/year. The advantage of this model is that the operating costs are small and can contribute to renewable energy by 33%.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Palm Mill Oil Effluent Becomes Bio-CNG as HSD Fuel Substitution in West Kalimantan Province

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world and West Kalimantan Province is the second largest province in the palm oil industry with an area of 1.8 million hectares of plantation land. In palm oil processing at the plant, several types of waste are produced. One of them is liquid waste called Palm Mill Oil Effluent (POME). POME can be used as biogas with an Anaerobic Biological process. Biogas that has been purified and packaged in high pressure tubes is called Bio-CNG. Methane gas levels in Bio-CNG are 96-98% and CO² gas is 2-3%. The province of West Kalimantan has limited electricity infrastructure, so it relies a lot on diesel power plants (PLTD) to generate electricity. The installed capacity of PLN UIW West Kalimantan in 2019 is 211,713 KW with a PLTD capacity of 125,768 KW or 59% of the total installed capacity. The use of fossil energy sources cannot be sustained because Indonesia's oil production continues to decline and imports of fuel continue to increase. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the costs and benefits of POME into Bio-CNG as a substitute for HSD fuel in PLTD with the CBA (Cost Benefit Analysis) method. The result shows that the potential of POME energy into Bio-CNG in West Kalimantan Province meets the needs of PLTD PLN UIW West Kalimantan as a substitute for HSD fuel. In addition, based on the cost and benefit analysis that has been carried out on the Bio-CNG project obtained a greater value of benefits than the cost, so that the utilization of POME into Bio-CNG as a substitute for HSD fuel in PLTD is feasible to run.

Electric vehicle integrated MPC scheme for concurrent control of voltage and frequency in power system network

The growing integration of renewable sources with grid poses challenges in the field of voltage and frequency control. This study features combined automatic voltage regulator and load frequency control model of a three-area power system network with each area containing thermal and diesel power plants along with the introduction of solar thermal power plant, wind, and geothermal power plants. The Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) based centralized Model Predictive Controller (MPC) has been discussed and implemented for the effective and simultaneous control of voltage and frequency in all three areas of the wind integrated power plant. To further deal with increased oscillations in frequency profile of the system caused due to renewable integration, the electric vehicle (EV) participation has been considered in each area to provide an auxiliary control against frequency deviations. Effectiveness of the proposed EV based MPC-HHO algorithm has been successfully verified after adding different nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties, disturbances, and time-delays in the wind integrated power system.

Раціональна глибина діагностування експлуатаційних пошкоджень двигунів сільськогосподарських машин

The analysis is based on data that were timed during the operation and repair of diesel engines of agricultural machines and, in particular, engineering monitoring about the most frequent characteristic failures of parts and elements of power energy institutions, as well as about possible causes of the course and development of typical inequalities. The typical causes of failures of elements of diesel power plants, which can be different, have been determined. First, the specific design features of a particular type of engine, which may be uncharacteristic for other typical diesel engines and must be eliminated by appropriate changes to the diesel engine design. Second, improper operation of the diesel engine, such as misapplication, inadequacy of grade fuel and oil refueling design failure. Thirdly, sudden failures for the use in the manufacture of a diesel engine of some materials, defective parts, as well as significant violations of installation and adjustment technologies. In order to prevent failures, choosing the above reasons, it is necessary to correct design flaws, improve technical control, follow the operating instructions, as well as carry out organizational diagnostic measures. In this article, attention is paid to malfunctions and defects, the development of which is caused by natural processes of equipment degradation under load, ensuring the working processes of the diesel engine and its systems, as well as additional accelerating factors, such as contamination of the coolant, oil, fuel, an increase in backlash and clearances, enough values for long-term operation of diesel power plants of agricultural machines of various types.

Mini Hydro Power Plant connected to 20 kV network as a replacement of Diesel Power Plant

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

Methods of improving the power supply reliability of industrial site

Ensuring reliability is one of the most important problems in the creation and operation of any technical system. It is especially relevant for complex systems such as power supply systems. A modern industrial site from the power supply point of view is a complex technical system of hazardous industrial facilities, the technological processes continuity and safety of which directly depends on the power supply reliability. Electricity receivers of the considered industrial site in terms of power supply reliability belong to the second category. The task of ensuring the power supply reliability includes a whole range of technical, economic and organizational measures aimed at reducing damage from disruption of the electricity consumers’ normal operation. In addition, in modern market conditions, the power supply reliability is inextricably linked with the economic performance and industrial enterprises energy security. The paper proposes to modernize the industrial site power supply circuit, using the existing standby diesel power plant, which would automatically provide the industrial site power supply in automatic mode in case of disappearance, decrease, increase in voltage level, phase failure, and the phase sequence violation of the three-phase supply voltage on the busbar sections TP-1, TP-2 site. It is obvious that with the existing power supply scheme of the industrial site, the manual switching sequence, control over the backup diesel power plant operation, the normal power supply scheme restoration, it takes an average of 2.5 hours, which is not desirable, especially in winter. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce at the industrial site production control devices for the reserve automatic transfer, which ensure the power supply restoration to the industrial site in automatic mode.

Solar collector field and thermal energy storage for auxiliary component in organic rankine cycle for bottoming unit to utilize exhaust steam from back pressure turbine of Ulumbu geothermal power plant

Flores has a vast geothermal energy sources, one of the fields, Ulumbu, producing electricity from the geothermal power plant (PLTP). PLTP Ulumbu has two back pressure turbines generating 2.5 MW electricity. Besides geothermal power, Flores has potential solar energy sources that are recorded as much as 5 to 6 kWh/m2/day. The exhaust steam from the backpressure turbine adds the binary cycle as the bottoming unit. It is able to generate electricity continously to supply the baseload. Currently, the peak load of electricity usage in Flores is supplied by the diesel power plant (PLTD). This paper studies the addition of solar collectors and thermal energy storage (TES) as auxiliary components in the binary cycle and simulates the system by using the Aspen Plus. The solar energy is stored in TES during the day and then released to the heat exchanger in the evening. This idea reduces the dependency on diesel power plants in the evening. To increase power as much as 500 kW, the collector area needed to supply the system is 1.1 ha using synthetic oil as HTF. The volume of TES to stored the energy by using nitrate salts as HTF is 1,120 m3. As a result, the efficiencies of the non-hybrid system and hybrid systems are 11.38% and 11.31% subsequently.

Desain dan Implementasi MPPT PSO pada Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga

Indonesia is a large archipelago country with various characteristic areas. Based on a report from the Ministryof Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia's electrification ratio has reached 98.86%. Even though Indonesia'selectrification ratio is close to 100%, it cannot be denied that there are still many remote areas that still do not haveelectricity supply. This can be caused by areas that are difficult to reach, thus hampering the construction of theelectricity network. To meet electricity needs in remote areas and with not too many population, a Diesel Power Plant(PLTD) is usually built, but this type of plant requires fuel oil which of course also requires replenishment everycertain time after the fuel runs out. To solve the above problems, a portable solar power plant (PLTS) is proposedwhich can be easily mobilized to facilitate delivery to remote areas. PLTS portable can also be used as an emergencypower source in areas where electricity facilities have been cut off due to natural disasters. To adjust the output voltageof the solar panels, a single input multi output (SIMO) converter topology is proposed. This converter consists of aflyback converter that can increase and decrease the voltage and has isolation between the input and output sides. Inaddition, this converter also has several outputs so that it can supply two loads (battery and communication equipment)at the same time. To maximize the conversion of solar energy in this system, it is also proposed to use the MPPTcontrol with the PSO method.