Oil Diesel Blends Research Articles

Combustion Characteristics of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil-Diesel Blends under EGR and Low Temperature Combustion Conditions

This paper investigates the effects of Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)-diesel blends on combustion characteristics under various ambient oxygen concentrations and ambient temperatures in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Combustion characteristics were presented in terms of heat release rate, ignition delay and integral heat release. The shadowgraph images of spray combustion were presented for spray development and combustion progress. The experiment was carried out on CVCC under constant injection pressure and energizing time. The synthetic gas with varied oxygen concentrations between three discrete values from 21, 15 and 10 % to simulate EGR on engine conditions. The ambient temperatures were varied at 1100, 900 and 700 K to study the effects of ambient temperatures. Four different fuels were tested: commercial diesel, commercial diesel-HVO blends and HVO with the single-hole injector. The results showed that decreasing ambient oxygen concentration to 10 % resulted in 13.42 % lower heat release rate and 13.89 % lower integral heat release. This also extended ignition delay. Decreasing ambient temperature resulted in longer ignition delay with higher peak heat release rate. Increasing HVO showed 6.43 % shorter ignition delay compare to diesel due to higher cetane number. The shadowgraph images showed that HVO has better evaporation 0.7 to 0.9 ms after injection due to its lower density, viscosity and distillation temperature at T90.

The best suitable alternative to diesel in a compression ignition engine between waste plastic oil and waste tire oil blends with diesel

ABSTRACT Depletion of conventional fossil fuels due to their increased consumption and the stringent emission norms, urge us to search alternative fuels for automotive engines. Alongside, serious challenge posed to the environment by the waste plastic in terms of its nondegradability is threatening the human sustainability. Both these issues can be addressed by converting the waste plastic into useful energy. In the present article, blends of diesel and oils derived from waste plastic and waste tire were used in a diesel engine, without any engine modifications to study the effect of blending waste plastic oil and waste tire oil to diesel up to 10% on the performance and combustion characteristics of the engine. Blending the pyrolysis oils to 10% with diesel could not improve the thermal efficiency but the change in the brake specific fuel consumption was to significant level. However, plastic oil-diesel blend yielded almost same brake specific fuel consumption which conveys that it is better to blend plastic oil rather than tire oil. But, the engine operation in case of P10 would not be as smooth as that in case of T10 and diesel owing to the higher rate of pressure rise of P10.

Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel fuel blended with raw jatropha, soybean and waste cooking oils

In the present investigation raw oil (jatropha, soybean, and waste cooking fuel) has analyzed to prove its suitability as an alternative fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The blends of high vegetable oils with diesel are created and analyzed experimentally. The raw oil is blended with diesel in varying proportion (from 20 % to 50 %) using raw vegetable oil (100 %). Two sets of experiments are conducted for each fuels blends, one for performance analysis & other for emission test. The analysis has been performed for pure diesel and diverse blends of Jatropha-diesel, Soybean-diesel and waste cooking oil-diesel at compression ratio (CR) of (16.5). The performance and emission characteristic for each raw oil-diesel blends are investigated and the comparison results are presented. The result reveals that B20 blends of all biodiesel have shown very close values of Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) at all loading.

On-road NOx emissions of a modern commercial light-duty diesel vehicle using a blend of tyre oil and diesel

As a potential means of offsetting diesel fuel usage and reducing the environmental impact of used tyres, this study investigates the NOx emissions of a modern commercial passenger vehicle run on a blend of diesel and tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO). The test vehicle was driven on a route representative of the driving expected by a courier. Vehicle drivability with the TPO/diesel blend, compared to neat diesel, was not reported to be perceived differently by the automotive industry experienced driver. Additionally, the NOx emissions were comparable between the neat diesel trip and those run on the blend of TPO/diesel. Interestingly, the results showed that short transients had a substantive impact on aggregate NOx emissions—making conclusive on-road comparisons between fuels difficult. Despite this, the data collected for this study indicate that there is no substantive NOx emissions degradation when running the TPO/diesel blend.

A Study on Reasonable Ratios of Vegetable Oils and Diesel Oil in Mixed Fuel Used as an Alternative Fuel for Marine Diesel Engines in Vietnam

Vegetable oil is used directly as a fuel, in either modified or unmodified equipment, it is referred to as straight vegetable oil (SVO). SVOs have some advantages in comparison with fossil fuel oils such as: renewability, local availability, lower sulfur content, etc. avoiding the environmental effects caused by sulfuric acid, lower aromatic content and high biodegradability. However, SVOs are also attached to several disadvantages such as: high viscosity, low heating value, high fatty contents, influencing on injection process and causing engine coking if misused. In order to prevent such negative effects of diesel engine fuelled by SVO, one of potential solutions is using blends of SVO with diesel oil (DO). In such case, the reasonable ratio of SVO and diesel oil plays a very important role for normal running condition, but also seems to be challenge to identify. The article shows results of a study on defining the ratio for marine diesel application. It is firstly based on the assessment on the heat release processes inside the diesel engine cylinder upon a specific simulation with different blends of SVO and diesel oil. In comparison with the particular requirements for fuel of marine engines, the preferable percentage of vegetable oil in the fuel mixture is pointed out. And finally, the experiments with fuel system of a typical marine diesel engine, HANSHIN 6LU32, installed at the lab of Vietnam Maritime University in terms of checking real engine’s operation and reducing harmful emissions.

Effect of Diethyl Ether (DEE) on Performances and Smoke Emission of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel and Jatropha Oil Blends with Cold EGR System

A widely use of diesel engines increases the scarcity of fossil fuels and air pollution. Jatropha was proved potentially to be used as alternative diesel fuel. However, adding jatropha to diesel fuel increases smoke emissions due to higher their viscosity than diesel fuel. Therefore diethyl ether is substituted into a mixture of diesel and jatropha fuel to solve the problem. However, the use of diethyl ether may have an impact on diesel engine performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the addition of diethyl ether on thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and smoke emissions from diesel engines. This study used Isuzu 4JB1 engine equipped with EGR system. The diethyl ether composition in the mixed fuel was varied at 5, 10 and 15% of the total fuel volume. Jatropha in this mixed fuel was set at only 10%. Based on the experimental results, the use of DJ10DEE15 fuel showed the highest increase of 16% in hot EGR systems compared to those without EGR and cold EGR using D100 fuel at full engine load. In addition, the use of DJ10DEE15 fuel with cold EGR system resulted in 8% reduction of exhaust gas temperature compared to the use of D100 fuel at full engine load, while smoke opacity was decreased to 33%.

Experimental Analysis of Partially Premixed Charge in a Diesel Engine with Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel Blends

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an alterna -tive combustion process which received considerable interest to meetthe stringent emission norms. One such technology developed is par -tially premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion modea variant of HCCI combustion mode. In this work an attempt has beenmade to experimentally analyze the performance and emission char-acteristics with Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) modeassisted with pilot injection. Experiments were conducted in a modifiedsingle cylinder water-cooled diesel engine employing a conceptual sys -tem known as transient state fuel induction with different modes suchas diesel and biodiesel conventional mode, diesel PCCI–diesel, biodieselPCCI-diesel and biodiesel PCCI-biodiesel modes. In the present work,diesel and jatropha methyl ester was used premixed fuel along with con-ventional injection of either diesel or 20% jatropha oil methyl ester blendwith diesel. The results indicate that brake thermal efficiency decreasesmarginally as the methyl ester in the conventional and PCCI modes andHC, CO emissions are higher and soot levels are lower in the case ofbiodiesel PCCI-biodiesel mode.

Experimental assessment and multi-response optimization of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics fuelled with Aegle marmelos seed cake pyrolysis oil-diesel blends using Grey relational analysis coupled principal component analysis.

This research focuses on the detailed experimental assessment of compression ignition (CI) engine behavior fuelled with Aegle marmelos (AM) seed cake pyrolysis oil blends. The study on effects of engine performance and emission a characteristic was designed using L25 orthogonal array (OA). These multi-objectives were normalized through gray relational analysis (GRA). Likewise, the principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess the weighting values respective to every performance and emission characteristics. The variability induced by using the input process parameters was allocated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hence, GRA-coupled PCA were employed to determine the optimal combination of CI engine control factors. The greater combination of engine characteristics levels were selected with F5 and W5. The higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) have been obtained for F20 fuel as 22.01% at peak engine load, which is 11.43% for diesel. At peak load condition, F20 fuel emits 14.99% lower HC and 18.52% lower CO as compared to diesel fuel. The improved engine performance and emission characters can be attained by setting the optimal engine parameter combination as F20 blend at full engine load condition. The validation experiments show an improved average engine performance of 67.36% and average lower emission of 64.99% with the composite desirability of 0.8458.

Experimental Analysis of Partially Premixed Charge in a Diesel Engine with Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel Blends

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an alternative combustion process which received considerable interest to meet the stringent emission norms. One such technology developed is parti...

Performance indices of a common rail-system CI engine powered by diesel oil and biofuel blends

Conventional fuels used for supplying internal combustion piston engines include petrols and diesel oils produced from petroleum. These are a non-renewable energy source. The environmental policy of the European Union is geared towards increasing the share of renewable fuels in the overall energy consumption. An alternative fuel originating from a renewable source, which could be used for feeding self-ignition internal combustion engines are the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of plant oils. The paper reports selected results of testing a 1.3 MULTIJET SDE 90 PS self-ignition engine with the Common Rail reservoir feed system supplied with mixtures of diesel oil and rape oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Tests were carried out on an engine test bed equipped with an eddy-current brake. The purpose of the tests was to determine the economic–energy and ecological indices of engine operation. The concentrations of exhaust gas gaseous components were measured using a MEXA-1600DEGR analyzer, while the particulate concentrations, with a MEXA-1230PM analyzer. In addition, the variations of working medium pressures in the engine chamber and of fuel pressure upstream the injector were recorded as a function of crankshaft rotation angle using the AVL IndiSmart 612 indication system for this purpose. The physicochemical properties of fuels used in the tests were determined using a fuel analyzer. The obtained testing results made it possible to determine and assess the operation indices of the engine fed with mixtures of diesel oil and rape oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with slightly higher ester contents than the requirements of the currently applicable diesel oil standard.

Performance Characteristics of C.I. Engine with Bio-diesel Blends of Jatropha, Soya Bean Oil and Waste Cooking Oil at Fixed Compression Ratio

In this paper raw oil (jatropha, soybean and waste cooking fuel) is taken as potential alternative fuel for C.I. engines. The best distinction between these 3 kinds of oils and diesel fuel is viciousness. Every vegetable oil is blended with diesel in variable proportion (20% - 50%). Two sets of experiments are conducted for every fuel blend. First experiment is focussed on a performance check for pure diesel fuel. Second experiment is focussed on a performance check using many blends for each of Jatropha-diesel, soybean-diesel and waste cooking oil-diesel at fixed compression ratio of 18. The results of performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency for every vegetable oil-diesel blends are compared with that using diesel fuel alone.

Experimental investigation of Combustion, Performance and Emission in single cylinder diesel engine operated on blends of diesel and waste cooking oil

We all are aware with the limited amount of energy and there resources. Today the agriculture sector needs good amount of energy, mainly energy from CI engine. As the consumption of energy increase the demand of energy also increases, mainly in petroleum sector. Today 90 % of the total demand is full filled by the fossil fuels. The petroleum sector needs some alternative fuels to reach the demand. This research straightly focused on the use of waist cooking oil This concept also needs to aware with the consequences of reusing the WCO domestically and in restaurants. whenever the demand of energy needed we searches about alternative fuels so to complete the research for a alternative fuel we have to learn about fossil fuels ,exhaust emissions ,global warming etc. Here we used blends of waist cooking oil and diesel oil which are prepared by volume name as B5 using 5% of WCO and B10 comprise 10% WCO. The combustion , performance and emission properties are studied experimentally by combustion of different blends at different loads. It has to observed that in performance characteristic Mechanical efficiency is more for B10 when compare with B5 and conventional Diesel. When the load is increases fuel consumptions shows a considerable fall while it is noticeable that CO emission trend decreases and NOx increases after increasing some loads and HC are also indicate a down fall trend ,on other hand CO2 emissions shows less affected.

A novel study on the effect lemon peel oil as a fuel in CRDI engine at various injection strategies

Lemon peel oil is one of the renewable and biodegradable biofuel for diesel engine applications due to its low viscous nature. This study aims to observe the performance and emission characteristics of a common rail direct injection diesel engine at various fuel injection strategies under different loading conditions. An open type electronic control unit is used to control the fuel injection timing, injection rate and split injection at various injection pressures. In this research work, 20% lemon peel oil-diesel blend (by volume) is injected at a pressure of 400 bar, 500 bar and 600 bar with 10% pilot injection by volume and the results are compared with diesel fuel at same injection conditions. Further, pilot injection quantity of lemon peel oil blend is varied by 20% and 30% of total volume of fuel injected at 600 bar injection pressure. Finally, the experimental work is carried out in common rail direct injection diesel engine fuelled with lemon peel oil blend under 10% cooled exhaust gas recirculation condition. The study reveals that the brake thermal efficiency is improved with increase in injection pressures and pilot injection rates. However, this trend has been changed during 10% EGR addition for lemon peel oil blend operation at 30% pilot injection rate. The combustion characteristics are improved for lemon peel oil blend for 600 bar injection pressure with 20% and 30% pilot injection rates compared to 10% pilot injection rate. The higher pilot injection rate has shown significant reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke emissions. However, the emission results are reversed with 10% exhaust gas recirculation at 600 bar injection pressure of lemon peel oil blend. There is a significant reduction in NOx emission for low injection pressure of lemon peel oil blend at 10% pilot injection rate.

Preparation, characterization and effect of calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide nano additives on fuel properties of tire oil diesel blend

ABSTRACTThe present study deals with the preparation, characterization, and effect of and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Nano additives on the fuel properties in the tire oil–diesel fuel blend. The above said Nanoparticles were prepared by the ball milling method using toluene as the solvent. Tire oil was prepared from scrap tires by pyrolysis process in the temperature range of 400–650°C. The morphology and particle size were determined by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From the SEM image, the particle size for CaCO3 and TiO2 was found to be 153nm and 99.2nm, respectively, which strongly confirms the particles size in Nano range. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was used to study the chemical compounds in the Nanoparticles. The presence of peaks in the wavelength range of 700–500 cm−1 validates the presence of metallic compounds in the particles. The crystal structure of the Nanoparticles was determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique and the Nano crystallite structure was calculated by using Debye-Scherer equation. The diffraction peaks obtained from the XRD patterns were indexed to the pure cubic fluorite structure of CaCO3 and TiO2. From the Debye Scherer’s equation the particle size for CaCO3 and TiO2 were found to be 24.48nm and 37.86 nm, respectively. Visualisation of the Nanoparticles in three dimensions was carried out by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) from which the maximum and minimum size of the particles was determined. The maximum and minimum particle sizes were found to be 99nm and 62nm for CaCO3 whereas for TiO2 it is found to be 76nm and 47nm, respectively. Particle size analyzer was used to calculate the average size of the particle. 1000 ppm of the prepared Nanoparticles was added to tire oil-diesel fuel blend (T20) by means of probe sonication and the phase stability of the blends with CaCO3 and TiO2 Nanoparticles were found to be −18.1 mV and −26.2 mV, respectively. The fuel properties such as viscosity, density, calorific value, flash point, cetane number, cloud point, and pour point were found to align with that of ASTM standards and can be considered as an alternate energy source in a Compression Ignition engine.

Prediction and optimization of CI engine performance fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum diesel blend using response surface methodology (RSM)

The transportation demand in India is increasing tremendously, which arouses the energy consumption by 4.1 to 6.1% increases each year from 2010 to 2050. In addition, the private vehicle ownership keeps on increasing almost 10% per year during the last decade and reaches 213 million tons of oil consumption in 2016. Thus, this makes India the third largest importer of crude oil in the world. Because of this problem, there is a need of promoting the alternative fuels (biodiesel) which are from different feedstocks for the transportation. This alternative fuel has better emission characteristics compared to neat diesel, hence the biodiesel can be used as direct alternative for diesel and it can also be blended with diesel to get better performance. However, the effect of compression ratio, injection timing, injection pressure, composition-blend ratio and air-fuel ratio, and the shape of the cylinder may affect the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. This article deals with the effect of compression ratio in the performance of the engine while using Honne oil diesel blend and also to find out the optimum compression ratio. So the experimentations are conducted using Honne oil diesel blend-fueled CI engine at variable load conditions and at constant speed operations. In order to find out the optimum compression ratio, experiments are carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke variable compression ratio diesel engine, and it is found that 18:1 compression ratio gives better performance than the lower compression ratios. Engine performance tests were carried out at different compression ratio values. Using experimental data, regression model was developed and the values were predicted using response surface methodology. Then the predicted values were validated with the experimental results and a maximum error percentage of 6.057 with an average percentage of error as 3.57 were obtained. The optimum numeric factors for different responses were also selected using RSM.

Effect of waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine

The ever increase in global energy demand, consumption of depletable fossil fuels, exhaust emissions and global warming, all these led to search about alternative fuels. Biodiesel was produced from waste cooking-oil by transesterification process. Blends of waste cooking-oil biodiesel and diesel oil were prepared in volume percentages of 10, 20 and 30% as B10, B20 and B30. Biodiesel blends have ASTM standards of physical and chemical characterization near to diesel fuel. Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions were studied experimentally for burning waste cooking-oil blend with diesel fuel. This experimental was applied on a diesel engine at different engine loads from zero to full load. Thermal efficiencies for waste cooking-oil biodiesel blends were lower than diesel oil. Specific fuel consumptions of biodieselblends were higher than diesel fuel. Higher exhaust gas temperatures were recorded for biodiesel blends compared to diesel oil. CO2 emissions for waste cooking-oil biodiesel blends were higher than diesel oil. CO, smoke opacity and HC emissions for biodiesel blends were lower than diesel fuel. NOx emissions for biodiesel blends were higher than diesel fuel.

Combustion, Performance, and Tail Pipe Emissions of Common Rail Diesel Engine Fueled With Waste Plastic Oil-Diesel Blends

The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel.

Influence of injection timing on cerium oxide nanoparticle doped in waste cooking palm oil bio-diesel and diesel blends fuelled in diesel engine

ABSTRACTInjection timing (IT) is a vital factor among different injection parameters which governs the emissions and performance factors of the engine. This work portrays the effect of IT on cerium oxide nanoparticle doped Waste Cooking Palm Oil biodiesel and diesel blends. The doping is made at 30, 60 and 90 ppm. The modified fuels are introduced in reducing IT of 19°, 21° and 23°bTDC. 1500 rpm engine is made use in this study. Results revealed a significant reduction in emissions (CO, NOX, HC and Smoke) at IT = 23°bTDC. Furthermore, performance (BSFC, BTE) is improved for fuel blends at IT = 23°bTDC.

Performance evaluation of Nahar oil–diesel blends in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine

ABSTRACTThis study attempts to use plentiful available high oil content (67% of Nahar seed kernel) non-edible feedstock as a source for powering diesel engine. Various performance and emission characteristics of prepared Nahar oil–diesel blends (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) are analyzed in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine at different load spectrum, in order to judge the optimum blend, which can be efficiently used in a diesel engine. 10% blending of Nahar oil with diesel fuel has shown a reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission by 8.64% and 8.34%, respectively. With the increase in blend concentration, the nitrogen oxide emission decreased considerably and smoke emission increased slightly. Further pressure crank angle and heat release rate analysis of 10% blending of Nahar oil with diesel confirms its smooth combustion inside the engine combustion chamber.

Performance and Combustion Characteristics Analysis of Multi-Cylinder CI Engine Using Essential Oil Blends

Essential oils are derived from not-fatty parts of plants and are mostly used in aromatherapy, as well as cosmetics and perfume production. The essential oils market is growing rapidly due to their claimed health benefits. However, because only therapeutic grade oil is required in the medicinal sector, there is a substantial low-value waste stream of essential oils that can be used in the transportation and agricultural sectors. This study investigated the influence of orange, eucalyptus, and tea tree oil on engine performance and combustion characteristics of a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine. Orange, eucalyptus, and tea tree oil were blended with diesel at 10% by volume. For benchmarking, neat diesel and 10% waste cooking biodiesel-diesel blend were also tested. The selected fuels were used to conduct engine test runs with a constant engine speed (1500 RPM (revolutions per minute)) at four loads. As the load increased, frictional power losses decreased for all of the fuel samples and thus mechanical efficiency increased. At higher loads (75% and 100%), only orange oil-diesel blends produced comparable power to diesel and waste cooking biodiesel-diesel blends. Fuel consumption (brake and indicated) for the essential oil-diesel blends was higher when compared to base diesel and waste cooking biodiesel-diesel blends. Thermal efficiency for the essential oil-diesel blends was comparable to base diesel and waste cooking biodiesel-diesel blends. At higher loads, blow-by was lower for essential oil blends as compared to base diesel and waste cooking biodiesel-diesel blends. At 50% and 100% load, peak pressure was lower for all of the essential oil-diesel blends when compared to base diesel and waste cooking biodiesel-diesel blends. From the heat release rate curve, the essential oil-diesel blends ignition delay times were longer because the oils have lower cetane values. Overall, the low-value streams of these essential oils were found to be suitable for use in diesel engines at 10% blends by agricultural producers of these oils.