Diesel Engine Running Research Articles

REMOVAL OF DIESEL OIL WATER BY HYDRODYNAMIC DISPERSION

REMOVAL OF DIESEL OIL WATER BY HYDRODYNAMIC DISPERSION

Experimental investigation to optimize nozzle geometry and compression ratio along with injection pressure on single cylinder DI diesel engine operated with AOME biodiesel

With the increase in population, energy demand is more in the automotive sector. Soaring prices and extinction of fossil fuels are reasons why researchers are focusing more on alternatives. This research work carried out on a single-cylinder DI diesel engine running on AOME biodiesel aims to optimize the nozzle geometry, the compression ratio and the injection pressure. The experiment on transesterified AOME biodiesel/diesel blends B80D20, B60D40, B40D60, and B20D80 was evaluated against pure diesel. 4 and 3 hole fuel injectors of 0.25 mm and 0.20 mm diameter respectively are used in the experimental study with 240 and 260 bar IOP at compression ratios 16.5:1 and 17.5:1 for optimization. The results of the experimental investigations prove that for biodiesel blends, the brake thermal efficiency is slightly lower and the smoke emissions are reduced compared to diesel. In addition, the results prove that at 260 bar IOP, the 4 hole, 0.25 mm diameter fuel injector at a compression ratio of 17.5:1, the B40D60 blend gives improved results against all blends in case of brake thermal efficiency and smoke emissions. Finally, these are the most efficient and optimized conditions for the biodiesel blend by improving brake thermal efficiency (25.43%) and reducing smoke emissions (53HSU).

Performance and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions of Mahua ester blends with pyrogallol antioxidant in a single cylinder diesel engine

Biodiesel has attracted research because of its environmental benefits and energy security. In this research, the suitability of using Mahua B20 biodiesel blend in a single cylinder diesel engine has been carried out. The performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and NO<sub>x</sub> exhaust emissions of B20 Mahua biodiesel with pyrogallol antioxidant by changing its concentration from 0 ppm to 750 ppm is examined and compared to regular diesel. The engine performance results reveals that minor improvements in brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency is observed with considerable reduction in NOx emission at an optimum 750 ppm antioxidant concentration in comparison with B20 Mahua blend without antioxidant. Thus, Mahua B20 blend with antioxidant can be used to run diesel engine without any modification.

Influence of injection timing on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on hydrogen-diethyl ether, n-butanol and biodiesel blends

In the present research, 5% hydrogen was added to 95%diesel fuel, diethyl ether (DEE), n-butanol (nB), and spirulina microalgae in this investigation (SMA). The fuels were then tested using a numerical tool and the Diesel RK-Model programme in a single cylinder CI engine. The results showed that the 5%H95%DEE blend consistently showed the highest level of specific fuel consumption (SFC) with increasing trend as the injection timings was advanced. In terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), all blends experienced decreasing trend except for 5%H95%nB. The addition of 5% hydrogen into 95% n-butanol gave relatively stable level of BTE for the entire injection timings. Furthermore, all blends witnessed relatively the same exhaust gas temperature (EGT) trend with only minor changes. Not much significance was observed from the most retarded to the most advanced injection timing. In terms of peak in-cylinder pressure, all the investigated blends saw increasing trend with the advancing injection timing. However, they experienced slight reduction at the most advanced fuel injection timing (FIT). Except for 5%H95%SMA, all blends show the highest peak in-cylinder pressure at 26.5 deg. before TDC. With regards to the ignition delay (ID), 5%H95%nB always gave the longest ID except at the 29.5 deg. before TDC, while the 5%H95%DEE consistently showed the shortest ID with nearly the same value for all Its at around 1.8–3.1 deg. Regarding the emissions, the use of n-butanol (5%H95%nB) consistently produced the lowest CO2, smoke, NOX, and particulate matter (PM) emissions throughout the entire injection timings.

Dual-fuel diesel engine run with injected pilot biodiesel-diesel fuel blend with inducted oxy-hydrogen (HHO) gas

Oxy-hydrogen gas (HHO) is a carbon-free fuel, which is produced by the water electrolysis process. It can be used as an alternative to hydrogen since the current global hydrogen production and storage may not meet the required demand for transportation applications. This research work investigates the engine behavior of a compression ignition (CI) engine operated in dual-fuel mode by inducting HHO as a primary fuel and injecting two different pilot fuels viz., diesel, and JME20 (a blend composed of 80% diesel with 20% Jatropha methyl ester) at optimized engine conditions. The results revealed that; heat release rate, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and nitric oxide emission are found to be higher about 5.2%, 1.1%, 18.6%, and 19.6% respectively, while unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke emissions are reduced by about 33.3%, 29.4%, and 18.7% respectively in Opt.JME20 + HHO operation compared to that of the baseline data at maximum load.

Combined Effect of CNG and EGR on the Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine in Dual Fuel mode

Severe and adverse energy crises in future, day by day ever elevating cost of fuels, dangerous emissions emitted with conventional fuels made internal combustion engine scientists to discover and look at the likelihood of usage of alternate, clean and less or zero emissions fluids and vaporous fuels for IC engines, especially compression ignition diesel engines (DE) since existing DE are under stringent pollutions regulation that too for smoke and NOx in their tail pipe fumes. The main target of this work is to examine the emission, combustion and performance attributes of a diesel engine running with a wide range of loads with a constant speed of 1500rpm with a 30% steedy energy share of CNG and varying EGR of 5%,10% and 15% using diesel as pilot fuel. BSEC of dual fuel mode engine is discovered superior to neat diesel engine mode at higher load. It is discovered that there is an uncommon decrease in NOX, CO2, and smoke density, increment in UHC, CO in the fumes of dual fuel engine at all loads. Comparative results are given for dual fuel mode with variable measures of EGR at various loads conditions and detailed the impact of the application of EGR on combustion, performance and emission processes.

The Cylinder Liner Temperature Distribution Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Operating with M10, E10, and B10 Fuels

Internal combustion engines are currently so well-optimized that enhancing their performance is a prohibitively expensive endeavor. The success of the engine simulation approach is determined by the accuracy of the heat transfer model. The purpose of these models is to figure out how much heat is transferred from the combustion gases to the cylinder walls. To see which of these relationships may best explain the experimental data for internal combustion engines utilizing various fuel mixtures. The cylinder liner temperature distribution of a diesel engine running on M10, E10, and B10 fuels is presented in this research using the Hohenberg correlation. The results demonstrate that when alcohol is added to mineral diesel fuel, the maximum temperature of the cylinder liner rises by 5.4 percent, 3.7 percent, and 2.23 percent, respectively, allowing the engine to run safely with diesel-alcohol dual fuel.

Towards improved performance and lower exhaust emissions using exhaust gas recirculation coupled compression ignition engine fuelled with nanofuel blends

ABSTRACT Emission standards are becoming increasingly stringent. When it comes to diesel engine exhaust emissions, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions need effective control as these emissions have a trade-off connection, making it difficult to achieve the emission regulation. To effectively manage NOx emissions from diesel engines, external exhaust gas recirculation has been implemented. The effects of EGR on the engine characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine running on pongamia methyl ester mixed with aluminum oxide nanoparticles are detailed in this work. The pongamia methyl ester was mixed with mineral diesel (25 vol. %). The nanofuel blend was made by mixing aluminum oxide nanoparticles with B25 fuel at a dosage of 100 ppm (B25A100). Experiments with diesel, B25, and B25A100 with various EGR rates were conducted in a compression ignition engine (10–30%). The combined impact of nanoparticles blended B25 with 20% EGR yielded a substantial reduction in NOx by 4.95% compared to B25. In addition, the unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke emissions were found to increase as compared with B25. Arise in brake thermal efficiency of 4.6% was noticed for B25A100 + 20% EGR than that of B25. The brake specific fuel consumption was reduced by 4.23% for B25 blend. With 20% EGR, the in-cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate were reduced. As a result, combining pongamia methyl ester with aluminum oxide nanoparticles and 20% EGR enhances engine performance while reducing emissions.

Modeling of soot formation in a tractor diesel engine running on methanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil

When studying the process of formation of soot nuclei in a flame, it is necessary to pay attention to the sequence of chemical transformations of fuel molecules in order to determine the concentration of dangerous toxic components in the exhaust gases (EG) of a diesel internal combustion engine (DICE). Today, numerous studies are being conducted to establish a detailed kinetic mechanism of the process of carbon condensation and gasification in a DICE. Despite significant progress in understanding the essence and some regularities of the processes occurring in a DICE, it is not yet possible to compile a numerical model that can predict the main indicators of soot content. A semi-empirical mathematical model of soot formation and burnout in a DICE is presented, compiled on the basis of a kinetic model that reliably predicts the dynamics of soot content in the cylinder and the concentration of soot in the EG in a wide range of operating modes of a DICE. The model makes it possible to facilitate the process of studying the factors of soot formation and reduce the cost of conducting experimental studies related to the search for alternative fuels and improving the design of a DICE, optimizing the operation of fuel supply and gas distribution systems.

Development of a methodology for calculating the integral toxicity of exhaust gases of a diesel engine running on alternative fuels

Currently, most methods for assessing the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases (EG) of diesel internal combustion engines (DICE) differ in research programs that simulate the most significant operating modes of a tractor or motor vehicle DICE in ordinary operating conditions. And to assess their toxicity, such different methods are used as a study under steady-state operating modes that ensure the constancy of the performance of a DICE, and its study under changing parameters in transient modes. DICE of tractors, self-propelled agricultural machines and other off-road equipment are tested at a stand equipped with a loading device and measuring instruments for monitoring tests and collecting data necessary for processing test results. Emissions are determined during the sequential operation of the DICE at steady-state modes. Each mode has its own weighting coefficient, which characterizes the contribution of this mode to environmental pollution during the operation of a DICE.

Elevated emissions of volatile and nonvolatile nanoparticles from heavy-duty diesel engine running on diesel-gas co-fuels

This study experimentally examines the effects of four diesel-gas co-fuels, two engine loads and an aftertreatment on regulated and unregulated emissions from a 6-cylinder natural-aspirated direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) with an engine dynamometer. Fuel energy of ultra-low-sulfur diesel was substituted with 10% and 20% of gas fuels, including pure H2, CH4, and two CH4-CO2 blends. The particle number size distributions of volatile and nonvolatile nanoparticles were measured under ambient temperature and after 300 °C heating, respectively. The results show that the gas fuels caused increases of hydrocarbon emission, slight changes of NOx emission, and decreases of opacity. All four gas fuels resulted in elevated emissions of both volatile and nonvolatile nanoparticles at 25% and 75% load, in the range of 29% to 390%. The increased emissions of volatile nanoparticles were variable and without obvious trends. Special attentions should be given to the addition of H2 under high load, during which significant increases of volatile nanoparticles could be formed not only post-combustion (up to 1376%), but also post-diesel oxidation catalyst plus diesel particulate filter (DOC + DPF). The nonvolatile nanoparticles, on the other hand, could be effectively removed by the retrofitted DOC + DPF, with efficiency >98.2%. A noteworthy fraction of solid particles of sizes <23 nm were found in the exhaust, not being accounted for by current regulatory emission standard.

Study the effect of optimized input parameters on a CRDI diesel engine running with waste frying oil methyl ester-diesel blend fuel with ZnO nanoparticles: a response surface methodology approach

Study the effect of optimized input parameters on a CRDI diesel engine running with waste frying oil methyl ester-diesel blend fuel with ZnO nanoparticles: a response surface methodology approach

Analysis of combustion and emissions characteristics of a DI diesel engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel/glycerol tert-butyl ethers mixture by altering compression ratio and injection timing

In this present research, glycerol tert-butyl ethers mixture was utilized as a biofuel with a diesel-canola oil biodiesel blend to experimentally investigate its effect on combustion and emissions characteristics of a stationary diesel engine run at different compression ratios (16, 17.5, and 18) and fuel injection timings (25 °CA bTDC, 23 °CA bTDC, and 18 °CA bTDC). Diesel fuel (D), B20G0 (80% v/v diesel + 20% v/v canola oil biodiesel + 0% v/v glycerol tert-butyl ethers mixture), and B18G2 (80% v/v diesel + 18% v/v canola oil biodiesel + 2% v/v glycerol tert-butyl ethers mixture) were used in the experiments. Engine tests were conducted on a 4-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine at distinct loads and an engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results showed that NOX emission decreased while HC emission increased at all compression ratios with the use of B18G2. The maximum increase in average HC emission and the maximum mean reduction in NOX emission was determined by 173% and 68% at compression ratios 16 and 17.5, respectively. B18G2 caused a longer ignition delay period and higher combustion duration compared to other fuels. The great enhancement in B18G2 regarding emissions was detected at original injection timing wherein an average decrease in NOX and CO emissions by 68% and 34% occurred. It is concluded that glycerol tert-butyl ethers mixture can be utilized as a biofuel by 2% v/v of the mixing ratio with a diesel–biodiesel blend. This blending ratio can provide a simultaneous decrease in NOX and CO emissions at the original engine settings.

Effects of EGR, injection retardation and ethanol addition on combustion, performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with canola biodiesel/diesel fuel blend

Biodiesel fuels have been used in diesel engines at different ratios without modifications in the engines. However, the biodiesel fuels generally generate higher NOx emissions than those of the diesel fuel and the related investigations on the higher NOx problem are still ongoing. In this study, three moderation techniques namely exhaust gas recirculation, injection retardation and ethanol addition were comparatively addressed for B10 biodiesel blend (10% canola biodiesel and 90% diesel fuel in vol.). The experimental results revealed that the exhaust gas recirculation of 5% is a suitable method in improving the combustion parameters of B10 biodiesel blend, while the retarded injection timing of 2 CA° is the most effective method regarding both the performance and emission parameters. No favorable effect of 2% ethanol addition to B10 biodiesel blend at retarded injection timing was observed on the performance, and coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure was increased by over 10%. However, all methods examined in this study have effective potentials in the decrease of NOx emissions of the diesel engine running with the B10 biodiesel blend.

Justification of reduction in air requirement in ventilation of coal roadways with running diesel engines

Justification of reduction in air requirement in ventilation of coal roadways with running diesel engines

Experimental Studies and Theoretical Modelling of Diesel Engine Running on Biodiesels from South African Sunflower and Canola Oils

Abstract The attributes of cost-effectiveness, reliability, consistency and better understanding, have made researchers prefer studying engine characteristics of IC engines fuelled with alternative fuels/diesel blends with computer simulation compared to conventional experimental study. For the first time, the study attempted to simulate combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesels from Canola and Sunflower oil domiciled in South Africa. The properties of biodiesel vary from one region to another depending on the local properties of the feedstock used for its production. In this study, a computer model-based C++ was used to evaluate the performance characteristics of biodiesel fuels produced from local South African sunflower and canola oil feedstocks. The developed model was validated using experimental results. The performance characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends from these oils were tested in a Mercedes Benz OM 364A turbocharged four-stroke, four-cylinder direct ignition industrial diesel engine. Results show similar combustion characteristics for all the tested samples. Diesel shows a higher brake power and higher exhaust gas temperature than all the tested fuel samples. The brake thermal efficiency increases with the amount of biodiesel in the biodiesel-diesel blends. Biodiesel and its diesel blends show higher specific fuel consumption than diesel. In terms of emissions, nitrogen oxide emission was higher for biodiesel and its blends with diesel compared with diesel while smoke emission from biodiesel and its diesel blends was lower compared with diesel.

Performance of a Diesel Engine Run with Kerosene-Rapeseed Oil Blends Doped with Ignition Promoters

Performance of a Diesel Engine Run with Kerosene-Rapeseed Oil Blends Doped with Ignition Promoters

Investigation of performance and exhaust emission of the diesel engine running on aviation fuel

Investigation of performance and exhaust emission of the diesel engine running on aviation fuel

Performance, Emission, and Study of DI Diesel Engine Running on Pumpkin Seed Oil Methyl Ester with the Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as an Additive

The usage of petroleum fuels in IC engines is hazardous to humans, plants, and agriculture since they exhaust poisonous pollutants into the environment. Substantial research is now being conducted to identify an alternative to petroleum fuel and to enhance its quality. Nanoparticles are a relatively new technology that may be used to improve the properties of fuel. Engine tests were performed on conventional CI engines using a diesel and biodiesel blend under different running circumstances. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a pumpkin seed oil methyl ester diesel blend (PSOME20) in a diesel engine with the help of a copper oxide nanoparticle. CuO nanoparticles in varying concentrations (50 and 100 ppm) were dispersed in the PSOME20 fuel. The results showed that the BTE of the PSOME20CuO100 fuel is 2.3% higher than that of the PSOME20 fuel, but the reduction in BSFC is 6.4%. Engine HC, CO, and smoke emissions were being significantly minimized when CuO nanoparticles were mixed with PSOME20. The addition of CuO nanoparticles to PSOME20 enhanced combustion behaviors such as HRR and cylinder pressure.

Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of moringa seed oil biodiesel with added ethanol in CI engine

Global petroleum requirements for running diesel engines is increasing, while petro-diesel reliability is deteriorating, resulting in high diesel prices as well as other negative consequences of igniting hydrocarbon-baseddiesel in engine, such as air pollution and global warming. Biodiesel is a more environmentally friendly alternative to petro-diesel. The biodiesel made of Moringa seed oil (MSO) and Ethanol could be appropriate interchange fuel, as it is sustainable with higher energy efficiency. The MSO biodiesel produced from moringa seed by trans-esterification of the unrefined MSO + methanol within the sight of NaOH as reactive catalyst makes it reasonable to be mixed with diesel. B5 (950 ml Diesel + 45 ml MSO + 5 ml Ethanol) and B10 (900 ml Diesel + 90 ml MSO + 10 ml Ethanol) blends are made with 90 percent MSO and 10% Ethanol. In this study, a variable compression ratio is employed to conduct performance and emission testing using the three fuel options mentioned above, and the brake thermal efficiency of the B5 blend gives 11.18 percent to 16.54 percent better characteristics than diesel fuel.