Diesel Engine Oil Research Articles

Evaluation of the impact of the thermal state of a diesel engine on its efficiency

The paper presents the results of model and empirical research on the influence of the thermal state of a diesel engine (oil temperature) on its indicated (thermal) efficiency. The paper contains a test plan including a description of the test object, test equipment and measurement points on a real object. In the following part, the results of tests carried out on a real object (laboratory single-cylinder engine) and the results of model tests obtained on the original engine model are presented. The results are presented both in tabular and graphical form. The obtained test results allowed to determine the relative value of the influence of the engine's thermal state on its efficiency for various operating conditions (load and rotational speed).

The change in Diesel Engine Oil Properties During Performance

The change in Diesel Engine Oil Properties During Performance

Oil spills removal from seawater surface by magnetic biochar composite derived from Heglig tree bark and cobalt ferrite

Purpose This study aims to explore the possibility of using magnetic biochar composite (MBCC) derived from Heglig tree bark (HTB) powder (agricultural solid waste) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4, CFO) for oil spill removal from seawater surface. Design/methodology/approach One-pot co-precipitation route was used to synthesize MBCC. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The densities of the prepared materials were also estimated. Crude, diesel engine and gasoline engine oils were used as seawater pollutant models. The gravimetric oil removal (GOR) method was used for removing oil spills from seawater using MBCC as a sorbent material. Findings The obtained results revealed that the prepared materials (CFO and MBCC) were able to remove the crude oil and its derivatives from the seawater surface. Besides, when the absorbent amount was 0.01 g, the highest GOR values for crude oil (31.96 ± 1.02 g/g) and diesel engine oil (14.83 ± 0.83 g/g) were obtained using MBCC as an absorbent. For gasoline engine oil, the highest GOR (27.84 ± 0.46 g/g) was attained when CFO was used as an absorbent. Originality/value Oil spill removal using MBCC derived from cobalt ferrite and HTB. Using tree bark as biomass (eco-friendly, readily available and low-cost) for magnetic biochar preparation also is a promising method for minimizing agricultural solid wastes (e.g. HTB) and obtaining value-added-products.

Performance and emissions characteristics of tire pyrolysis oil in diesel engine: an experimental investigation

Performance and emissions characteristics of tire pyrolysis oil in diesel engine: an experimental investigation

Performance of a Diesel Engine Run with Kerosene–Rapeseed Oil Blends Doped with Ignition Promoters

<div>The use of straight vegetable oil in diesel engines leads to undesirable consequences due to the peculiar physicochemical properties of vegetable oils. In this regard, the use of pure and unmodified vegetable oils requires their obligatory dilution with petroleum fuels, usually diesel fuel. However, blends of diesel fuel with vegetable oil have a significantly higher density and viscosity than pure diesel fuels. Therefore, in this article, it was proposed to use blends of vegetable oil with aviation kerosene since kerosene has lower density and viscosity compared to diesel fuel. In addition, kerosene is less prone to coking of injectors, has a higher calorific value, and has a lighter hydrocarbon composition, which makes starting the engine easier. Within the framework of the study, engine tests of a full-size four-cylinder diesel engine, MMZ D-245.12.C, were carried out at maximum load in the range of crankshaft speeds from minimum (1000 min<sup>−1</sup>) to nominal (2400 min<sup>−1</sup>). Various blends of kerosene with rapeseed oil with an oil content of 10 to 50% by volume have been tested. Ignition promoters were introduced into the fuel blends to improve their combustion. Commercial ethylhexyl nitrate was used as an ignition promoter. In addition, experimental additives were investigated, which are the FAMEs of vegetable oils oxidized to various concentrations of peroxide compounds. It has been shown that blends of kerosene and rapeseed oil doped with ignition promoters can be successfully used in diesel engines. The engine showed the maximum power and the lowest level of smoke emissions when running on a blend of kerosene and rapeseed oil with the addition of oxidized FAME of olive oil with a peroxide content of 1.1 g OOH/100 g.</div>

Study of an Indirect Injection (IDI) Diesel Engine Using Pure Coconut Oil, Pure Tamanu Oil and B-20 for Smart Microgrid Applications Part II: Pilot Testing

The Smart Microgrid (SMG) can be used as a solution to overcome problems with electrical distribution on remote islets. The SMG system allows for a combination of conventional and renewable energy for power generation. Biofuel was chosen as a renewable energy source because of its abundant availability and ease of mobilization. This study examined the performance of B-20, Pure Tamanu Oil (PTO), and Pure Coconut Oil (PCO) in an IDI diesel engine that acts as a backup for SMG systems in the Karimunjawa Islands. The entire SMG system consists of: diesel engine, stabilizer, inverter, PV, batteries, ice maker, and a channel to the electrical grid. The results show that PTO has the highest value of thermal efficiency, that of 17.38%, but with a higher BSFC of 0.54 kg/kWh when compared to B-20 usage (14.69% and 0.51 kg/kWh). According to performance test results, their performance can be compared to the first part of this twin paper, which is laboratory testing, with a range of 2400-3200 W loads. Therefore, it can be said that biofuels are feasible for replacing B-20, as shown in pilot testing.

In situ nanocompression of carbon black to understand the tribology of contaminated diesel engine oils

The study has evaluated the role of soot, surrogated by carbon black (CB) experimentally, in affecting the performance of engine oils. It is very well known that the existence of soot in oil produces abrasive wear on contact surfaces. Other mechanisms influence the oil performance such as additives adsorption on soot and oil degradation due to the interactions with soot. Recent research has suggested the existence of another wear mechanism related to soot particles, which remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effect of soot interactions in engine oil on its mechanical properties. Carbon black particles (CBPs) were used in the experiments to simulate real soot in the engine. The microstructure and crystal structure of CBPs compared to real soot were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In situ compression of the single particle was conducted in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the mechanical properties of fresh and aged CBPs with different sizes. The results show that aged CBPs are significantly harder than fresh CBPs, indicating that ageing in oil modifies the turbostratic crystal structure of CBPs and alters its mechanical properties, potentially affecting tribological performance.

Investigation of the Usability of Biodiesel from Horse Oil in Diesel Engines

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel produced from animal and vegetable oils. As an alternative and ecologically acceptable substitute for conventional fuel, biodiesel is produced from a wide variety of edible vegetable oils that are usually used for human consumption and whose prices are expected to rise in the future. In this context, reliable and low-cost raw materials are gaining increasing interest for biodiesel production, such as by-products of meat processing industries or waste animal fats. Biodiesel production from waste animal fat, and raw food does not compete with the industry and has a great potential for waste caused by the global decline. In our study, a potential alternative fuel was produced for diesel engines by using the non-food-grade fat portion of horse meat consumed in Middle Asia countries. Solid crude horse oil was liquefied, and its fatty acid components were analyzed and transformed into horse oil biodiesel by the transesterification method. It was determined whether the fuel properties of crude horse oil, horse oil biodiesel, and euro diesel fuel comply with the standard values, and their usability in diesel engines was investigated. As a result of the tests, it has been concluded that horse oil biodiesel does not meet the standards in terms of cold flow properties and can only be used at a rate of low volumetric ratios in diesel engines. This article will contribute to the use of horse oil biodiesel production stages and fuel properties in diesel engines and future studies.

Quality Improvement of Oil and Fuel Leakage in Diesel Engine by using Semi Automatic Setup

Abstract: As we know when engine goes to testing department before that we test it through semi-automatic setup which is installed on assembly line converyor to test the oil and fuel leakage of diesel engine.Now different trial were taken on engine by using methodology which includes ATEQ D520 unit and air pressure regulator for detecting the leakage quantity.Actually ATEQ D520 UNIT is a flowmeter which measure a drop in pressure with a differential sensor.Here we supplied pressurized air into the engine through breather plug and overflow pipe.If leakage not found engine will dispatched to testing department and if leakage is found the problem may solve by spraying soap water in leakage area so that in that area bubbles comes out .This work which emphasis on the analysis of problem due to which engine reject from testing department and also time and cost saving analysis for one month.Due to this setup improvement in PQCDSM,PPM and reduction in cost poor quality supplied to customers from 28% to 18% of cost per benefit,better customer satisfaction

Effect of premixed hydrogen on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fuelled with prunus amygdalus dulcis oil

There is a need to find alternative fuels to replace the fossil fuels and also to reduce the harmful emissions. Biomass based fuels are one such alternate fuel to diesel. The main aim of this study is to find the suitability of sweet almond oil (Prunus amygdalus dulcis oil) in compression ignition engine (CI), moreover to enchance the performance and emission parameters by premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion with hydrogen fuel. A decrease in diesel engine performance was observed with the blend. Further to reduce the fossil fuel consumption, hydrogen was introduced in the intake manifold. As hydrogen is inducted well before the combustion, it makes premixed charge with intake air for better combustion. The results reveal that 30LPM (litres per minute) hydrogen flow rate lead to maximum improvement in engine performance. Compared to the blend, the thermal efficiency increased by 8.38 % at full load, and a reduction of 70 %, 56 % and 27 %, for HC, CO and smoke emissions respectively was observed. However, an increase of 14 % in NO emission was observed. Hydrogen addition along with SAO20 (20 % blending of sweet almond oil biodiesel in diesel) operation increases the in-cylinder peak pressure from 79.8 bar to a maximum of 89.5 bar at full load. Hydrogen increases the rate of heat released in the premixed combustion but the peak heat release rate is delayed with different hydrogen flow rates due to lower centane number of the combustible mixture. The novelty of this paper is to run the engine with unexplored low carbon biofuel prunus amygdalus dulcis oil in diesel engine and also to improve the performance by premixed hydrogen fuel.

The combustion characteristics and performance of a Diesel Dual-Fuel (DDF) engine fueled by palm oil biodiesel and hydrogen gas

Investigation on the use of biodiesel produced from palm oil and hydrogen gas in diesel engines has been carried out. A single-cylinder diesel engine can be operated directly on palm oil biodiesel, and the manifold is then field with hydrogen at a flows of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 lpm respectively. In this study, a single-cylinder diesel engine with a light load and a constant speed of 2000 rpm is used with a direct injection system. Therefore, this study aims to examine the combustion and performance characteristics of diesel engines, fueled by hydrogen gas and palm biodiesel. The cylinder pressure, the heat release rate, ignition delay, and knocking are explored as aspects of combustion. Additionally, thermal efficiency and fuel consumption are both factors that contribute to overall engine performance. The results at lower load showed that small hydrogen flow produced the lowest ignition delay at Diesel Dual-Fuel (DDF) of BH 2.5 lpm, and the lowest knocking at 10 lpm hydrogen flow. In addition, there was an average 27.38% increase in BTE and an average 47.61% decrease in Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) compared to biodiesel.

Факторы увеличения срока замены моторного масла в автомобильных дизельных двигателях

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the potential for increasing the replacement period of engine oil in modern and promising automotive engines should have not only a marketing basis, but also a scientific justification for its implementation. The aim of the study is to reduce the unit cost of maintenance of automobile engines by increasing the timing of engine oil change. A particular task within the framework of this article is to establish the factors that cause an increase in the period for replacing engine oil in automobile diesel engines (on the example of the KAMAZ R6 family). The methodological apparatus for solving this problem was based on an in-depth analysis of previously obtained results of experimental studies of the patterns of «aging» of motor oils in diesel engines of the KAMAZ V8 family, depending on various factors in conjunction with the criterion of «rigidity» of the engine oil. For the first time, a quantitative assessment of the influence of the identified factors on the increase in the oil change period is given (ceteris paribus): – the use of oils of higher classes in terms of performance – for example, the transition from CD to CF-4 / SG according to API – by 4,4 times; – reduction of sulfur content in fuel - for example, for the API CG-4 class with a decrease from 0,05% to 0,035% – by 2,6 times, for the API CI-4 class with a decrease from 0,035% to 0,001% – in 2,3 times; – reduction of the criterion of «rigidity» of oil operation A – for example, for API CF-4 / SG class with a decrease (in terms of engine power) from A = 770 to A = 550 – 4 times; for the API CI-4/CG-4 class with a decrease (in terms of oil sump capacity) from A = 1176 to A = 835 – by 2,8 times, and to A = 640 – by 3,1 times. The basic requirements for engine oil of engines of the KAMAZ R6 family are formulated. The selected oils of two brands provided a test-confirmed increase to 150 thousand km. replacement period, and therefore were approved for use by the manufacturer of KAMAZ PJSC. The theoretical value for the development of the branch of science «Operation of road transport» lies in the fact that the identified factors and patterns contribute to the study of the efficiency, quality, characteristics, performance indicators of automotive operating materials. The author sees further research based on this work in a formalized assessment of the influence of the factors under consideration on the period of replacement of engine oil.

APPLICATION OF BIO ADDITIVES IN DIESEL FUEL TO REDUCE CO, CH, SMOKE EMISSIONS IN AGRICULTURE

As part of the reduction of environmental emissions of tractors, combines and agricultural machinery when performing work in the agroindustrial complex, including in closed complexes for the cultivation of animals (livestock farms). The article presents proposals to improve the environmental characteristics of the diesel engine used in tractors of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of the use of bioadditives from rapeseed oil for diesel engines is considered. The main directions of reducing emissions of toxic components of exhaust gases due to the addition of rapeseed oil to diesel fuel are indicated. The necessity of using bioadditives in diesel fuel to reduce emissions of CO, CH, and exhaust gases from diesel tractors when operating indoors is substantiated. A mixed fuel was used for the research. To get a mixed fuel, we mixed diesel fuel (DT) with rapeseed oil (RM). Based on the performed preliminary studies and these works, mixed fuel was prepared in the following proportions - 25% RM : 75% DT, 50% RM : 50 %DT, 75%RM : 25%DT. Rapeseed oil was obtained at ZAO Zelenogradskoye in the Pushkinsky district of the Moscow Region. The farm produces rapeseed seeds for the production of rapeseed oil, which is later used both for the confectionery industry and for livestock feed. Experimental studies have shown that the lowest content of CO, CH, in exhaust gases from diesel engines running on biofuels (25% RM:75% DT) and (50% RM:50% DT).

Analysis of The Influences of Biodiesel On Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine

Biodiesel remains an alternative fuel of interest for use in diesel engines. A common characteristic of biodiesel relative to petroleum diesel, is a lowered heating value (or energy content of the fuel). This review paper discusses the characteristics of biodiesel that has a great influenceon the performance and emission of diesel engine. A lower heating value of the fuel, assuming all other parameters are equal would result in decreased engine torque. Since engine torque is often user-demanded, the lower heating value of the fuel generally translates into increased brake specific fuel consumption.The biodiesel from edible oils isnon-toxic, biodegradable and renewable alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute for diesel in diesel engines. There is some indication that the use of biodiesel fuel can degrade diesel engine oil performance to such an extent that shortening of oil drain intervals is required. Oil, which is fuel-diluted with biodiesel, which is also known to contain unsaturated hydrocarbon bonds would be expected to be more prone to oxidation. Besides, the use of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in PM, HC and CO emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engines with no or fewer modification. Plus, it favors to reduce carbon deposit and wear of the key engine parts. Therefore, the blends of biodiesel, with small content in place of petroleum diesel, can help in controlling air pollution and easing the pressure on scarce resources without significantly sacrificing engine power and economy. However, many further researches on optimization and modification of engine, low temperature performances of engine, new instrumentation, methodology for measurements and etc., should be performed when petroleum diesel is substituted completely by biodiesel. In this study, reports about biodiesel engine performances and emissions, published by highly rated journals in scientific indexes were cited preferentially since the year 2000. From these reports, the effect of biodiesel on engine power, economy, durability, emissions including regulated and non-regulated emissions and the corresponding effect factors are surveyed and analyzed in detail.

Genomics and degradation law of Acinetobacter junii in response to petroleum pollution

The microbial degradation of petroleum pollutants is currently a popular research area. In this study, the law, key factors, metabolic genes and pathways of degradation by Acinetobacter junii were investigated. This study shows found that A. junii can effectively degrade a variety of hydrocarbons, Heilongjiang crude oil (57.85%), Shandong crude oil (23.00%), 0# diesel oil (51.20%), engine oil (56.09%), fluorene (67.48%), phenanthrene (59.13%), docosane (42.45%) and triacontane (19.10%)) under conditions of the optimal nitrogen source ([NH4]2SO4) and C/N ratio (100/10). The quantitative analysis of crude oil composition showed that A. junii had a high degradation efficiency for alkane fractions and could degrade alkanes ≤ C9 and C21-C23 alkanes in different crude oils. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated that the OD600 value on the first day and the enzyme activity on the fourth day were the key factors affecting the degradation ability of A. junii. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that 47 genes of A. junii encoded enzymes involved in petroleum product metabolism, and their related metabolic pathways were predicted. The results of this work can provide guidance for the application of A. junii in the bioremediation of petroleum pollution.

Nghiên cứu pha chế 2 loại dầu động cơ diezel dùng cho tàu thủy quân sự

This article presents the results of research on the preparation of 2 types of diesel engine oil for military marine diesel engines using raw materials available on the market with technical criteria corresponding to 2 types of oil M-20G2SD and M-16DR of Russia. The technical criteria of products were analyzed and evaluated by comparison with oils from Russia, the results showed that 2 types of prepared oils have the same technical characteristics as M-20G2SD and M-16DR oils. The oxidation stability of these products have been tested and compared with those of Russian diesel engine oils..

Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema feltiae as an Indicator of Soil Pollution with Oil Derivatives in Bioremediation Process

Petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) pollutants negatively affect agricultural soil biocenosis, disturbing the biological properties of soils. This paper aimed to test the effect of oil derivatives during soil bioremediation processes on Steinernema feltiae nematode and determine their potential use as an indicator of the degree of soil pollution. Two test series were applied (with bioremediation and without bioremediation) in which the soil was contaminated with diesel fuel, petrol and engine oil. A preparation was designed for the bioremediation of soils polluted with oil derivatives and used in the experiments. Soil pollution with oil derivatives has a negative effect on S. feltiae nematode ability to penetrate Tenebrio mollitor larvae. The most negative and long-lasting effect of soil pollution with oil derivatives was registered when engine oil and diesel fuel were used. The application of biopreparation accelerated the bioremediation process and diminished a negative effect of soil pollution with engine oil on virulence of S. feltiae nematode. The mortality of test insects caused by the nematode S. feltiae was a sufficient indicator of the progress of bioremediation of petroleum pollutants, such as diesel oil and engine oil.

Effect of addition of MWCNTs to a mineral lubricant on Diesel engine performance

In this research, a diesel engine lubricant, modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) was evaluated. Carboxylic group functionalized MWCNTs were dispersed in 15W40 mineral oil for Diesel engines and retaining ring and cylinder sleeve materials from F300 diesel engine were used for tribological tests. The Nanofluid (0.1 0.5 and 1% wt.) rheological behavior was characterized. Nanolubricants with 1% wt and base oil were evaluated on a Pin-on-Disk test. Results suggest both wear rate and coefficient of friction reduction when MWCNTs are used, while no significant rheological properties changes were observed.

PENCEMARAN KUALITAS OLI ENGINE EXCAVATOR ALAT BERAT KELAS SEBELAS TON AKIBAT KEAUSAN KOMPONEN

In this study, the focus is on the analysis of oil quality pollution caused by the thirst of the components in the engine. [7]Komponen bagian dalam engine yang dialiri oleh pelumas sangat berpotensi terjadinya kehausan yang diakibatkan oleh pergesekkan antara material yang beroperasi dalam sistem kerja engine. Oil in the engine has specifications or properties that will affect engine performance. In this study, the authors took samples on the diesel engine oil multi grade S.A.E 15W-40 which was applied to an excavator heavy equipment engine with a capacity of eleven tons. One type of Additives in engine oil is Anti-Wear which functions to reduce wear by coating the surface with an oil film. The focus of this research will be to see how much thirst occurs in the internal components of the engine that are flowing with oil. The thirst of components in the engine will be seen from the quality of the engine oil, if the thirst that occurs is greater then the work of anti-wear additives in the oil has begun to decrease so there must be a solution or analysis obtained. Test results on tests from the S.O.S. laboratory From the six sampling times, the highest wear metal value was 35 ppm at the time of operation of the 1665 Meter [Hr] unit. Based on the results of the test, it is stated that the excavator engine is in good condition when viewed from the wear metal, oil contaminant, oil condition and oil viscosity.

Oil-lubricated sliding wear performance of TiSiCN-coated ductile iron

Improvements to internal combustion engine performance can be achieved by the application of advanced coatings to piston rings and cylinder bores. Here, the sliding wear performance of TiSiCN coatings on ductile iron was evaluated in heavy-duty diesel engine oil using a block-on-ring tribometer. The coatings were deposited by plasma-enhanced magnetron sputtering of titanium in a reactive environment containing nitrogen, acetylene, and hexamethyldisilazane. Coating characterization was conducted using X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction, electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. TiSiCN adhesion to ductile iron was qualified by Rockwell indentation testing. Wearing surface and counter surface material pairs were systematically varied. Intermittent friction oscillation was observed for self-mated TiSiCN, while tribosystems with only one TiSiCN surface exhibited improved friction stability relative to uncoated ductile iron. A 24% reduction in block wear rate was achieved by coating the block surface with TiSiCN. Solely coating ring surfaces with TiSiCN, however, increased the uncoated block wear rate by over 300%.