Didactic Nature Research Articles

THOUGHTS, MAXIMS, CHARACTERS: FRAGMENTATION AS A PRINCIPLE OF MORAL NARRATIVE IN THE 17TH CENTURY FRENCH LITERATURE

The article is devoted to the understanding of the aesthetic phenomenon of the 17th century French literature, which consists in the close connection of the fragmentary form with the ethical content of discourse. The corpus of aphoristic texts created in 1656–1697, i.e. the books “Thoughts” by Blaise Pascal, “Maxims” by François de La Rochefoucauld, as well as “Characters or Mores of the present century” by Jean de La Bruyère are chosen as the object of research. In the process of work we systematise the methods of analysing this phenomenon in the Western and Russian traditions: the “cratylist” approach (Gilbert Romeyer Dherbey and Jean Starobinski), the “medical” method (Louis Van Delft, Mariya Neklyudova), “new publishing schemes” (Emmanuel Bury), as well as “secular” (Robert Garapon). We note the influence of topics which has established itself as a method of scientific discourse and gnomic genres of a didactic nature. In the result, we show that the French aphoristic texts of the 17th century clearly differ from the previous tradition by an attitude towards anthropological aestheticism and the absence of a didactic purpose.

Facts and Rules: Incidence of the Social Environment in the Understanding and Elaboration of Law, from the Communicational Theory of Law

AbstractThe Communicational Theory of Law (CTL) usually differentiates between Legal Sociology and Legal Theory, in the sense that Legal Sociology is concerned with the social validity of the rules and Legal Theory with the formal or legal validity of the rules. It can be argued that both disciplines are two different perspectives of the same empirical reality (legal rules). Also, legal System and social milieu are two closely linked realities; they cannot be separated because they need each other. The Law is the form or order that the social milieu takes, and, at the same time, the social environment provides the ideas, collective representations and other matters that need a legal regulation. For this reason, the epistemological separation between Sociology and Legal Theory must be overcome when the theoretical perspective comes to legal decisions. Thus, the decisional moment becomes the meeting point between the legal System and the social milieu. This is where the concept of the legal System fulfils its main function, as it allows for the dynamism and adaptability of the legal order. The hermeneutic re-elaboration of the normative texts will be the channel through which the social facts and other material elements can inform the meaning or possible interpretations of the rules and institutions of the legal order. This happens primarily by influencing theoretical and doctrinal works of an expository and didactic nature; and secondarily by influencing the decisions of legal operators and courts. This study seeks to explain how the social context influences legal decisions and the formation of the legal System, from a communicational perspective of Law. In order to do so, it will be necessary to set out two epistemological premises of CTL: the semiotic tripartition of the Theory of Law and the legal Order-legal System distinction.

Толстой американский и Толстой британский: рецепция конца XIX — начала XX вв.

L.N. Tolstoy’s works, having been introduced to the English-reading audience, immediately became an issue of active critical discussions. British and American readers got acquainted with them differently than Russian ones —publications didn’t follow the chronological order, his fictional and philosophical books appeared simultaneously; the process of cultural transfer inevitably fragmented his work, took it out of context, and the readers in Britain and the USA perceived Tolstoy’s works in accordance with his image formed at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Besides the linguistic cultural barriers (it was necessary to work with Russian realities, facts of Russian life, make them clearer for foreign readers), translators and critics faced with other challenges — for example, they were to bring Tolstoy’s work into the circle of topics and subjects familiar to the English — reading public. Tolstoy entered the English speaking culture as a symbol of realism, which however didn’t mean hard naturalism, but rather ethical and psychological realistic writing, especially taking into account the ongoing discussion on Zola’s novels. Tolstoy’s realism was treated as a universal one, based on the well-known cultural and spiritual values and therefore especially significant in spite of the exotic subject matter of his works. The didactic nature of his work, its powerful moral appeal was obvious and strongly sought for in the period of heated argument about the social system, the problems of the industrial society, gender relations, etc., — despite the fact that some episodes were incompatible with Victorian or Puritan attitudes and tastes of his English-speaking readers.

Миссия преподавателя иностранного языка в изменяющемся мире

The article deals with the problems of foreign language teaching in the conditions of limited educational mobility of students, in which it is necessary to revise the strategy of teaching foreign languages and its goals. The tasks of developing the skills of oral and written communication in the target language, expanding the horizons of students by getting to know a new culture and developing general erudition, as well as the formation of critical thinking, a deep and comprehensive study of the native culture for a worthy translation of its values into the world become the priority. The article analyzes the results of a survey of students about their ideas about what an ideal teacher should be. A modern teacher cannot be limited to tasks of an exclusively didactic nature, but must follow the development of the neurosciences that study the activity of the brain in order to effectively use methods and techniques that stimulate cognitive processes in the process of learning foreign languages. It is also necessary to take into account changes affecting the motivational attitudes of the audience and its ability to perceive information. The main change was the significantly increased need of students for the psychological support of the teacher, in a more friendly, open and emotionally balanced environment; the survey showed a desire to see a teacher who is not only passionate about his work, but also able to interest students who are not always motivated and are largely stressed. In a constantly changing world, the treasures of native culture remain unchanged and stable values that can expand the horizons of knowledge and provide strong guidelines for professional activity, the transmission of which to the world gives a special meaning to the study of foreign languages and brings the mission of a teacher to a qualitatively different level.

Mathematics teacher argumentation in a didactic perspective

The teacher’s argumentation is considered essential to promote the student’s mathematical education; the teacher’s argumentation is linked to the teacher’s didactic-mathematical knowledge and the achievement of instructional objectives. In this sense, a pragmatic proposal is required that links the teacher’s didactic-mathematical knowledge with argumentation. Toulmin’s (2007) model makes it possible to study the structure of teacher or student argumentation; in contrast, pragma-dialectic considers that in the face of a difference of opinion, the parties involved try to persuade their counterpart while observing argumentative discourse standards. In the context of an argumentative class, both argumentation models do not consider the particularities of the argumentation of a didactic nature that the teacher uses. This document presents a proposal for argumentation suited to mathematics education, based on a mapping of literature and a model of the teacher’s knowledge, contrasted in an actual class. The analysis and discussion of data let us conclude that a teacher’s argumentation is characterized by epistemic, cognitive, interactional, emotional, and communicative features that reaffirm not only the complexity of educational practices but also the teacher’s argumentation for educational purposes and the adequacy of the proposed definition.

The Didactic Nature of Gregory Nazianzen’s Poemata Arcana and the Theme of Continual, Gradated Progress

Abstract In this essay, I provide a holistic reading of Gregory Nazianzen’s Poemata Arcana, eight poems providing a coherent and systematic account of the elements of Christian theology. I explore in particular the reflexive didactic poetics of the work, arguing that one of the most recurring themes is that of continual and gradated spiritual progress toward God and that Gregory takes care to position himself as an instructor and exemplar for his readers in their own individual, gradual self-perfective journeys. Over the course of this argument, I critically reconsider prior judgements concerning the poem’s theological content (especially on the issue of apophasis and theōsis), literary technique and textual constitution.

CONCERNING THE PRE-SOCRATIC DOCTRINES IN RHETORIC

Background. Mastering the rhetorical art as a philological discipline must be based on scientific understanding of the subject of speech influence. The latter is only possible if one masters not only the knowledge of the current state of the discipline, but also the ability to analyze the theoretical achievements of the art of rhetoric in its formation and elaboration. That is what enables the scholar to assess the adequacy of the ratio of learning goals and objectives, as well as the correctness of moral, philological and pedagogical preferences underlying the mastery of the subject.
 Purpose. The article analyzes scholarly principles of one of the most important trends of early Greek rhetoric, represented in the main concepts of the ancient sophists.
 Materials and methods. The research material was the general philological and didactic postulates of most prominent rhetoricians of the period in question. To highlight the approaches, the method of critical analysis as well the structural-semantic and the philological historical methods are used.
 Results. The article demonstrates that the study of the origins of rhetoric gives the correct direction to its understanding. The reason of predominantly didactic nature of early rhetoric is its orientation towards practical goals. Nevertheless, the analyzed concepts enable us to assert that in them, as in the main approaches of the time, the theoretical philological basis is present in the form of rationalizing the essence and prospects of pathos and logos, the latter being considered with an emphasis on the comparison and justification of competing views, as well as on the actual linguistic techniques that ensure the effectiveness of verbal influence.
 Practical implications. The data obtained can be used in the analysis of the principles of construction and evaluation of argumentation in debates, as well as in university courses in stylistics for discussing the problem of the effectiveness of speech means.

Gender and Succession in Medieval and Early Modern Islam: Bilateral Descent and the Legacy of Fatima

Gender and Succession in Medieval and Early Modern Islam: Bilateral Descent and the Legacy of Fatima

Coupling of the Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge to Orbitrap Mass Analyzers for Uranium Isotope Ratio Analysis: Evolution of the Methodology and Implications to the Field.

Just over a decade ago, a truly outside-of-the-box approach to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was undertaken between research groups at Clemson University and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The original motivation dealt with projections as to whether or not microplasmas could be developed into practical elemental ionization sources, perhaps for transportable analysis applications. In particular, the use of the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) was pursued. Its interfacing to an ultra-high resolution Orbitrap platform, proved not only facile, but opened up a wealth of potential applications. Here, we lay out a historical, tutorial description of the interfacing and the evolution of the methodology regarding IRMS of uranium. Practical challenges and opportunities are described, which hopefully provide guidance to further applications in high resolution IRMS. It is hoped that, while detailed and lengthy, the didactic nature of the presentation provides experimental insights and tips, and also serves as an homage to our very good friend, Professor Gary M. Hieftje, whose scientific inspiration and comradery have been immeasurably important in our own careers.

Психоаналитикалық және әлеуметтік мәдени теория аясындағы адамның өзін-өзі жетілдіру мәселесі

The article makes a deep analysis of the problem of human self-improvement within the framework of psychoanalytic and socio-cultural theory. The contradictory dynamics of public life in the twentieth century put forward the problem of human self-improvement, personal development strategies, and personal activity. For a person, his individuality and the definition of the path of maturity that leads to it are very important. According to the authors, such approaches are contained in psychonanalytic and socio-cultural strategies. To determine the development of personality within the framework of socio-cultural theory, a deep analysis of the concepts of cultural heritage, communicative rationality, freedom, responsibility is carried out. The importance of socio-cultural communication based on the problem of human self-improvement is studied.The social lifestyle of the Kazakh people imposed strict requirements on moral qualities and personal-value, socio-psychological, and ethnic positions. The originality of Zhyrau’s poetry is a direct orientation to the social environment. Putting such personality qualities as personality and honor above, he aimed at improving personality through adequate sociological practice. They formed their works in the form of philosophical reflections of a didactic nature, presented their thoughts about time, reflections on morality. They raised public and social issues, expressed their understanding of the changes and events taking place in life and their meaning. The article formulates the importance of philosophical, anthropological and social thought in the formation of self-improvement strategies reflected in zhyrau. It provides an analysis of philosophical and anthropological arguments in the poetry of zhyrau.

Эпистолярная дидактика В.А. Жуковского (на материале переписки с членами царской семьи)

Today it is obvious that the texts created by Zhukovsky, including personal letters, are mostly “saturated” with ideas of educative instruction, expressed directly or in subtext. These ideas are organically part of the romantic concepts of life-creation and self-building, and lead the poet to specific socio-cultural practices, in particular, pedagogical ones. The article deals with Zhukovsky's letters to the royal children (Grand Dukes Alexander Nikolayevich, Konstantin Nikolayevich, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna) and their parents, Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, of the 1820s - early 1850s, as well as response letters from these addressees. The aim of the article is to study this part of Zhukovsky's epistolary works from the perspective of its didactic dominant, which researchers have not yet explored. The article models a holistic concept of Zhukovsky's didactics as educative instruction, analyses different strategies for its presentation in letters to royal persons, depending on the addressee, and also considers Zhukovsky's use of epistolary practices for didactic purposes. The author refers to the methodology of research in the field of “court pedagogy”, epistolary practices of the first third of the 19th century, life-building and life-creation, and works about Zhukovsky as a writer-educator. The historical and cultural method of research is also used, which makes it possible to see the place of Zhukovsky's epistolary didactics in the pedagogical tradition. The analysis carried out led to the following conclusions. Most of Zhukovsky's letters of a didactic nature are addressed to his pupil and student, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolayevich. They highlight two of the most common meanings of statements. The first and dominant determines the educational pathos of the text; the second, actually didactic, is the main one in later messages addressed to the Grand Duke about the education of his children. In the letters, as a rule, Zhukovsky focuses on the representation of events from the life of the state through the prism of history as a moral process filled with behavioural models that give the reader the vector of their perception, experience and comprehension. Zhukovsky's letters to Maria Nikolaevna, which develop her figurative thinking, ability to see the world based on the romantic principle of universalism, perceive and create texts based on romantic philosophy, are distinguished by a special style, defined by Zhukovsky as “chatter”, which obviously intersects with Pushkin's storytelling strategies. Zhukovsky's epistolary didactics in relation to Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich is characterised primarily by the range of discussed issues of a philosophical, moral, ethical and aesthetic nature, focused on the idea of life-creation. Zhukovsky adopted his own features of epistolary didactics in relation to the parents of his students. In general, the most significant achievements of Zhukovsky's romantic philosophy, aesthetics and poetics are involved in his epistolary didactics. Created according to the general laws of romantic epistolary literature, the letters of the writer-educator completed his multifaceted creative system as a holistic one.

Ethical Studies in Aacharakkovai

Aacharakkovai is a poetic work of didactic nature belonging to eighteen texts anthology of Tamil literature. This book guides man to live his life in a good manner from birth to death. By adapting the book Aaridam, the writer has sung more than hundred songs in this book. This book is written in Venba style and it belongs to the fifth century. The author of this book is Kayathur Mulliyar. Aacharam means the moral standards that people follow in life. This book has been created with the notion that all the people of the world can know the moral standards that should be followed in life. This article examines the values of academic discipline that is prevalent in Aacharakkovai. Education is an important principle of morality. Educated people live with discipline. Academic discipline is a code of conduct that can be cherished at all times. The purpose of this article is to know and explain such educational thoughts through Aacharakkovai.

The Mouseiad and Other Mock Epics [Myszeis

<i>The Mouseiad and Other Mock Epics</i> [Myszeis

Проблема понимания моделей смешанного обучения и связанных с ними дидактических условий

The article deals with the problem of the typology of the blended learning models that require the certain didactic conditions. In this regard, the various approaches to classifying blended learning models and determining its didactic nature in American, European and Russian scientific literature are analyzed. A critical view is offered on the research experience of the blended learning modeling, interpretation of the concepts of «the didactic conditions» and «the organizational-didactic model». The purpose of this article is to analyze the scientific understanding of the blended learning models typology and related didactic conditions. This led to the use of the comparative analysis methods and generalization. The results of the study show that the idea of the didactic nature of the blended learning, which combines technological and pedagogical principles, has become permanent in the scientific literature. Blended learning requires developed electronic information environment containing high-quality and diverse content that can form an individual learning trajectory, provide a personal virtual educational space, and monitor and record student learning achievements. And the didactic role of the teacher is also changing, who cannot do without confident IT competencies. He is responsible for shaping the content of the educational program, strengthening the individual approach to learning, and managing the planning of training. Existing attempts to classify blended learning models are, as a rule, incomplete and boil down to identifying a set of modeling criteria. As an illustration, examples of the optimal solutions to the problem of modeling and differentiation of didactic conditions are given, their influence on the teacher’s role and the requirements for a digital educational environment are shown.

Jordan W. Jones. She Opens Her Hand to the Poor: Gestures and Social Values in Proverbs

Jordan W. Jones. <i>She Opens Her Hand to the Poor: Gestures and Social Values in Proverbs</i>

ОКУУЧУЛАРДЫН ЭТНОПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫК ЖАКТАН СОЦИАЛДАШУУСУ ЖАНА ОРТО МЕКТЕПТИН 10-11-КЛАССТАРЫНДА КЫРГЫЗ АДАБИЯТЫН ОКУТУУНУ ӨРКҮНДӨТҮҮ

The actuality of this article is the need to teach Kyrgyz literature in high school on an ethnopedagogic basis, indicating that there are still no text developments in Kyrgyz literature that are ready for a reasoned presentation or presentation of thoughts using the means of artistic speech, as a result of which it is difficult for some students to convey their thoughts to other people in the social sphere. This article examines the importance of Ethno pedagogy in the subject standard of teaching Kyrgyz literature in general education schools and its role in the socialization of students. While the new literary education standard was created for secondary schools, it introduces the requirement to change the curriculum of Kyrgyz literature in secondary schools. The article explains the role of Ethno pedagogy in its implementation in the educational process, the definition of competencies based on the new subject standards, which are combined with the task of educating the younger generation in the socialization of the country and interpreted in the context of creating personal, socio-cultural competencies. Considering the analysis of the ideological content of works of art, a study was conducted to show how it can affect the development of the child as a person. The didactic nature of ethno- pedagogy is analyzed using examples related to the competencies defined in the subject standard. As a result, as the main purpose of the study, the author considers the practice of teaching methods of Kyrgyz literature in high schools on an ethnopedagogic basis, plans of classes, educational and methodological developments, methods, questions of the final module, the results of which are presented at literature lessons throughout the republic.

Khairul Majalis: Highlighting the Virtues of Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh-i-Dehli

In this article, an attempt has been made to make a nuanced study of the images portrayed of the shaikh by Hamid Qalandar and his protagonist, Shaikh Nasiruddin, in the malfuzat of the shaikh entitled Khairul Majalis. It highlights that the shaikh willingly chose the path of faqr (poverty), faqa (deprivation/hunger) and wanted to renounce duniya wa khalq (world and people), which resulted in an antipathy towards shughl (government service) and the state and all its institutions. Fawaid-al-Fuad, malfuzat of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya, constructed the rudimentary tariqa— in effect, a powerful, rudimentary preliminary lineage of the Chishti silsila was constructed. Khairul Majalis effectively highlights the virtues of Shaikh Nasiruddin, and thus he successfully claims to tap into the paradigm of conduct of an ‘ideal murid’—an embodiment of an ‘ideal murid’—stringently following the different principles and practices of Chishti silsila so clearly laid out in Fawaid-al-Fuad—thus a ‘worthy successor’. The didactic and discursive nature of the Khairul Majalis and the malfuzat genre, in general, is evident. These hagiological work(s) need to be studied in the context in which it/they emerged, and the intentions of the hagiographer, the background and/or agenda in presenting the text must be taken into account before reaching any conclusions based on it. As evident, the malfuzat strives to draw out the best traits of the respective protagonist to hold them up as a model of piety and a recipient of divine grace. In the process, they accentuate the construct of the paradigm of conduct appropriate to a Shaikh.

Acharakkovai is a Medical Treasury

Acharakkovai is a poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (Pathinen–Kil-Kanakku) anthology of Tamil Literature. This belongs to the Post Sangam Period’. Acharakkovai contains hundred poems written by the poet Pervvaayin Mulliyar. The poems of Acharakkovai are written in the venpa. The book is rich in etiquette and taboos which are classificatory of any literature teaching morals. This article analysis the following like Medical and Pharmacy contents about Breathing Trouble, Digestion helps to avoid disease, sleeping methods, Environmental Maintenance, Maternity, how to maintain patients, how to use syringe, sanitary maintenance and related to above.

Leksyka z zakresu wróżbiarstwa i czarów w Nowym wielkim dykcjonarzu Pierre’a Daneta i Dymitra Franciszka Koli

The paper aims to investigate Polish lexis belonging to the semantic fields of DIVINATION and WITCHCRAFT. The material was excerpted from the 18th-century trilingual Nowy wielki dykcjonarz (New grand dictionary). The semantic fields under analysis were divided into subfields. In the case of DIVINATION, the subfields of DIVINATION PRACTISES and PEOPLE FORETELLING THE FUTURE were identified. In turn, WITCHCRAFT was subdivided into MAGICAL PRACTICES, PEOPLE PRACTISING MAGIC and EFFECTS OF MAGIC. The analysis of the retrieved material suggests that the number of individual lexemes is relatively small and usually polysemic, which appears to contradict the popularity and prevalence of divination and witchcraft in the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as established by cultural historians. The supposed misrepresentation of the semantic fields under scrutiny may reflect the didactic nature of the Polish part of the dictionary.

Students ‘view on distance education

The paper analyzes the results of an associative experiment conducted with second-year students (SibADI, Omsk) in the fall of 2020 with the aim of assessing the experience of the mass introduction of distance learning technologies, assessing the receptive reactions of students, identifying the degree of emotional comfort of learning during a pandemic, the difficulties they had to be faced, their sources and the degree of recurrence. The results of the study became the basis for the development of methodological recommendations in order to increase the degree of effectiveness of the educational process in a distance format.&#x0D; The introduction reveals the essence of the concept of distance education, its goals and objectives at different stages in different countries. A number of advantages provided by the distance learning format and its relevance in the modern world are highlighted.&#x0D; The results of the experiment showed that not all students are psychologically ready for a sharp transition to distance learning. The wide public resonance aroused increased interest in researching the problems that have arisen in this educational sphere.&#x0D; The associative experiment took place in two stages. The first question was aimed at identifying the preferences of the form of education of full-time students. The question was: What form of education do you prefer full-time or distance learning? The responses ratio was 70:30. Seventy percent of the surveyed respondents preferred full-time education, the rest distance learning. In the second part, they were invited to take part in an associative experiment to reconstruct a fragment of the national linguistic picture of the world in a certain historical period. Through an associative experiment, we were able to identify and analyze the psychoemotional assessment of the components and their frequency within the modified concept of distance education; practical recommendations of a didactic nature were proposed for reducing negative connotations and removing psychological barriers in the process of distance learning.