Dictionary Of Ukrainian Language Research Articles

ONYMS WITH THE ROOT КРАС- (КРАСН-): IN SEARCH OF IDENTITY AND TRADITION

The article studies onyms with the root крас- (красн-), based on the Lexical Indexes of Ukrainian Historical Dictionaries stored in the Ukrainian Language Department of the I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies of the NAS of Ukraine, and in published lexicons such as "Dictionary of Old Ukrainian Language of the ХІV–ХV Centuries" (Kyiv, 1977–1978), "Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language" edited by Ye. Tymchenko (Kharkiv, Kyiv, 1930, Vol. 1), and "Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of ХVІ – the First Half of ХVІІ Century" (Lviv, 1994–2017, Iss. 1–17).
 In the first place, such onomastic classes have been analyzed: anthroponyms, toponyms, in particular, oikonyms, microtoponyms, hydronyms, and microhydronyms, which are commonly found in business documents all over Ukraine and beyond (Greece, Romania). A rich anthroponymic vocabulary is stated in the Lviv Stauropegion Brotherhood's documents.
 Much attention is given to the structure and word formation of these names. As been noted, in historical sources of the investigated period, single-component anthroponyms prevail, while toponymic names are mostly two-component. Complex formations are observed in such onomastic classes as anthroponyms and oikonyms, in which the first component is an attribute with the root крас- (красн-), and the second is an appellativus. One of the productive constructions of the toponymic system of the time is the "adjective + noun" model, which demonstrates one of the ways of Ukrainian onyms emergence.
 Moreover, a rich palette is revealed by microtoponymic names (names of fields, woods, groves, meadows, tracts, mountains, lands, etc.), in which the motivating features are the "color of the landscape" and "beauty" – "the quality of something beautiful".
 Additionally, the article at most illustrates the usage of the investigated names in written sources of ХІV-ХVІІІ centuries.
 Eventually, the study pays attention to the functioning of names with the root крас- (красн-) nowadays. As investigated, such names show traditionality and originality in developing Ukrainian onomastic heritage.

Proposals for unification and use of the Ukrainian national nomenclature for native and exotic species of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ukraine. Part I: subfamilies Spondylidinae and Prioninae

Here, I presented the study on historical development and changes in the Ukrainian national nomenclature of the longhorn beetles, which traditionally named "Skrypuny". I collected and arranged the traditional Ukrainian names for the longhorn beetles, their regional variations, and historical attempts for their codifications. Since the middle of XIX century, vernacular names, collected in folklore expeditions, of certain groups of the longhorn beetles have been published in multiple scientific papers and school textbooks of zoology. On the beginning of XX century, most vernacular names of the longhorn beetles have been relevantly arranged in the dictionaries of the Ukrainian zoological nomenclature. The development of the Ukrainian national zoological nomenclature was forcibly stopped in the early 1930s. Due to the politics of "internationalization" and artificial "convergence of languages" in the USSR, the traditional Ukrainian vernacular names were withdrawn from the scientific use and replaced by "Vusachi" consonant with the Russian. In the second half of XX century, the Ukrainian vernacular names of the longhorn beetles were repeatedly replaced by Russian tracings and Latin transliterations in specialized zoological dictionaries and in the general dictionaries of Ukrainian language. In the current paper, I proposed methodological approaches to the derivation and standardization of Ukrainian vernacular names based on the Ukrainian Spelling. I also substantiated the reasons for choosing certain Ukrainian vernacular names for scientific use parallelly with the scientific Latin name. In the Part I, I presented Ukrainian names for 46 taxa, including 1 subfamily, 10 tribes, 17 genera, and 17 species.

Сoncepts of the newest explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language and problems of metalexicography

Powerful development of the latest explanatory lexicography contributes to the deepening of the theory of lexicography and to the development of its terminological apparatus. Compilation of new explanatory dictionaries (one-volume Dictionary of the Creative Personality Language of Ukraine of the Second Half of the 20th — Early 21th Century and multi-volume Dictionary of the Active Type Ukrainian Language) is conducted in conjunction with theoretical research of lexicographical set of instruments and modeling of the new linguistic and linguoculturological objects that appears on the basis of the modern lexicographic works. Lexicographers of the Institute for the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine actively use macrostructural means of material systematizing and scientifically prove their importance for modeling of linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world. We approve a new method of integral linguistic modeling, on the basis of which the lexical core of the language, ideographic groups of vocabulary, conceptual dominants of the Ukrainian worldview, and systems of figurative means and stable word combinations appear. The typology of dictionaries is undergoing innovative changes. Each newest explanatory dictionary appears as an integral (complex, universal) because the new dictionaries contain significant amount of diverse information. We trace the strengthening of a new direction of integral linguistic research and the active development of metalexicography. The newest dictionaries emphasize the powerful spiritual development of Ukrainian society, its desire for independence and relentless understanding of the linguistic and cultural features of other nations in the world. Explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language of the XXI century are axiologically oriented. They register values common to all mankind as well as national ones, strengthen the process of operating of the Ukrainian language as a state one in Ukraine. They also register understanding the fact that integral type explanatory dictionaries have the leading value in the development of the state of Ukraine. Keywords: metalexicography, explanatory dictionary, dictionary of the creative personality language, dictionary of active vocabulary, integral dictionary, lexical core of language, method of integral linguistic modeling

QUESTIONS OF LITERARY NORM IN THE EPISTOLARY OF AHATANHEL KRYMSKYI AND BORIS GRINCHENKO

This article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of the linguistic views of A. Krymskyi in the process of his scientific communication with B. Grinchenko, P. Zhytetskyi and I. Franko (late XIX – early XX centuries). Different contradictory moments in the scientific researches of linguists from the different regions of Ukraine during the period of formation of the Ukrainian literary language were revealed. Various issues of linguistic discussions during the late XIX – early XX centuries, in which prominent linguists from Galicia and Upper Dnieper Ukraine participated, are characterized. In this context, the most interesting in terms of coverage of various linguistic problems was the correspondence of A. Krymskyi with B. Grinchenko, which lasted for seventeen years (1891–1908). The attitude of scholars to the formation of the criteria of literary word usage and principles of language formation is clarified. It was found out that the main criteria for correct word usage for linguists of Upper Dnieper Ukraine was the presence of a word in the vernacular language and in literary texts, which is confirmed by the materials of the first academic Russian-Ukrainian dictionary edited by A. Krymskyi (1924–1933) and the Dictionary of Ukrainian language compiled by B. Grinchenko (1907–1909). The scientific value of different linguistic ideas expressed by these scholars in their epistolary, especially on the usage of individual words and grammatical forms, as well as the ways of development of Ukrainian literary language, was noted. Their views on formation of the single version of literary language based on the language use of Upper Dnieper Ukraine are outlined. The desire of these linguists to promote the unification of the norms of the Ukrainian language through the creation of grammatical and lexicographical works is characterized. Based on the analysis of epistolary texts by A. Krymskyi and B. Grinchenko, it is stated out that their ideas contributed to the emergence of valuable grammatical and lexicographical works that contain huge lexical and phraseological material from the Ukrainian classical literature and folklore sources. The fruitful scientific and literary work of these scholars became an integral component of the process of development and unification of literary norms of Ukrainian language.

Lexicographic modeling of the preposition in the historical dictionaries of the Ukrainian language

This article deals with the modeling the Ukrainian language prepositional system of the14th–15th centuries. «Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14th–15thcenturies» is the result of long-term work of the Lviv Lexicographic School linguists. The dictionary allows to reproduce the model of the prepositional system in general and the semantic structure, variability, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations of that time preposition in particular. Due to this dictionary, some general tendencies of functioning and development of the prepositional system of the 14th–15th centuries are singled out (expansion of functioning and semantics, variation, formation through the use of internal language resources). Lexicographic modeling of prepositions is done basing on the semantic-grammatical principle, but in many cases it is original.The prepositional system of the Old Ukrainian language is quantitatively dominated by derivative prepositions, although, according to statistics, non-derivative prepositions are used in monuments much more often. Generally, the Ukrainian language of the 14th–15thcenturies had a developed prepositional system, inherited mainly from Proto-Slavic. Ninety-seven prepositions are found in the monuments of 14th–15th centuries. Analysis of prepositions indicatesthat almost half of them have a number of phonetic and graphic variants. Numerous variants testify to the not yet formed prepositional system, and to the absence of a single spelling tradition in the Ukrainian language of the 14th–15th centuries. Such a comprehensive description becomes a basis for further exploration of the grammar and semantics of the preposition in the subsequent time slices. It also serves as a necessary basic component of applied tasks in the field of Ukrainian historical lexicography.

FOOD CODE OF CULTURE IN ENGLISH, UKRAINIAN AND GREEK PHRASEOLOGY

The article focuses on the study of phraseological units with food component in the context of linguo-culturology. The final aim of the work is to describe and compare the linguistic, cultural and national peculiarities of food component in English, Greek and Ukrainian phraseological units thus revealing linguocultural food code of each linguo-culture. The objective determined the tasks of the research: to define the terms “phraseological unit”, “linguo-cultural code”, “linguo-culturology”, “food”, “nutrition”; to describe the fragments of English, Greek and Ukrainian linguistic world image through the phraseological units with food component; to single out the most frequent food components in English, Greek and Ukrainian phraseology and to define their connotative and semantic meaning; to divide the investigated material into groups according to the names and semantics of food components; to give linguo-cultural description of each of the abovementioned groups. Research has been done on the basis of the English and Ukrainian Phraseological Dictionary by K. Barantsev, Shortened Greek and Russian Phraseological Dictionary by O.V. Patrunova and Phraseological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language. The volume of the investigated material is 835 English phraseological units, 340 Greek phraseological units and 487 Ukrainian phraseological units obtained by consecutive selection. Our study relies substantially on the application of linguistic descriptive methodology and devices. The paper singles out the most frequent lexical groups : food, actions of cooking, feeding and eating, bakery, kitchen utensils, physical properties of food, drinks, cooking techniques, et cetera, with food prevailing (40,8% in English, 33% in Greek and 34,7% in Ukrainian). The most frequent food components are to eat (5,8%), τρώω (to eat) (17,6%) and їсти (8,9%), which proves that basic frequent food components in the researched languages mostly coincide.

THE OPPOSITION OF LIGHT AND DARK: TO THE ISSUE ON THE UNIVERSALITY OF LINGUISTIC CONCEPTUALIZATION

Cognitive Linguistics, which explores the forms of knowledge representation and cognitive mechanisms via their language manifestation, enables a new approach to the study of binary oppositions. Despite the large number of studies devoted to the opposition of LIGHT–DARK a lot of issues are still unexplored. Many researchers have spoken of the universal nature of contrasting light and darkness. However, the universality of this opposition is usually postulated without clear definition of what it means.The analysis is based both on the data of the etymological and comprehensive dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, as well as on the results of the associative experiment incorporating Ukrainian speakers.The etymological dictionaries provide us with evidences of the tight semantic interrelation between the oppositions DAY–NIGHT, LIGHT–DARK, and vision in the languages of the Indo-European family. In the dictionaries of the modern Ukrainian language, we also find the confirmation of the above-mentioned connections.Moreover, the results of the associative experiment also confirm the relevance of these links for present Ukrainian speakers. As for LIGHT, the obtained responses clearly show the significance of the associations between light and day and the prototype source of light, i.e. the sun. The DARK, in turn, is associated with the organs of vision and complications or impossibility for visual perception. The responses also bring out the connection between darkness and night, evening, and, less often, morning.Thus, there are two main strategies for naming colours that can be implemented in different languages. The first strategy is directly related to the ability of visual perception, and therefore is universal or almost universal. The second one is based on the universal cognitive mechanism of comparison, the establishment of similarity, but the resulting ways of nomination strategy are linguistically and culturally specific, since they depend on chosen prototypical referents and / or environment typical for a particular culture.

ПРИЙМЕННИК ДѢЛӔ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ XVI-XVII СТОЛІТЬ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГРАМАТИКИ ТА СЕМАНТИКИ

The article analyzes the grammar point, which deals with question of functioning of the prepositions in the Ukrainian language from the XVI–XVIІ centuries, including works explored by L. Zyzanii, M. Smotrytskyi. Although these reviewed works do not contain any information about preposition дѣлӕ at that time, I. Uzhevych’s grammar fixes its variant длӕ. Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian language of the XIV–XV centuries indicates that the language unit дѣлӕ used as a preposition that expresses relations of purpose in postposition to noun and relations of cause in front position regarding the noun. Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of the XVI – first half of XVII century presents wider semantic structure of the preposition дѣлѧ (дѣля, дилѧ, диле, дѣли): purpose, cause and object relations. Also the article presents the specifics of functioning of the derivative preposition дѣлӕ, describes its paradigmatic relation-ships. The research based on the materials of Lviv Stauropegion Brotherhood documents dated the XVI–XVIІ centuries. It is examined a semantic structure, shown the compatibility of investigated preposition with the genitive case. We found that the largest part of preposition constructions with genitive case expressing the aim of action. Apart from that, there is one more specific feature: this linguistic unit could use before noun and after it, while the most of prepositions stand in front of the noun or pronoun. Preposition дѣлӕ has not broad semantic relationships: with the genitive case it expresses only two types of semantic relations (we submit it to the frequency of use): purpose and cause. In comparison with functioning of the preposition длӕ investigated preposition had narrow semantic structure and less extensive coverage in the texts of Lviv Stauropegion Brotherhood documents. In fact, we observe the process of functional extinction of the preposition дѣлӕ. Although it belonged to a very ancient language units, it archaized and did not use in the contemporary Ukrainian language.

Compatibility and its lexicographical description: historical combinatorary dictionary of Ukrainian language

Compatibility and its lexicographical description: historical combinatorary dictionary of Ukrainian language

Управління конкурентним потенціалом підприємства на основі оцінювання комплексу маркетингу

Управління конкурентним потенціалом підприємства на основі оцінювання комплексу маркетингу

Словники української мови в діяльності Академії наук України

Словники української мови в діяльності Академії наук України

Słownictwo ukraińskie ze zbiorów Iwana Wahylewycza (1)

The article opens a series of planned publications, in which the authors present rare, dialectical, sometimes archaic lexical units extracted from the recently published dictionaries by Ivan Vahylevych. In two variants of Idyotykon and in the Dictionary of the South- Ruthenian Language they managed to search for about 700 lexical items, which either were omitted in the Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language, or require more detailed lexicological commentary. 32 words start with A-B are discussed in the article.

MODERN COMPREHENSIVE DICTIONARY IN THE UKRAINIAN EDUCATIONAL SPACE

The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of comprehensive dictionaries on the formation of the person's linguistic competence. The article deals with the issues of actualization of vocabulary in the Ukrainian language at the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century. An analysis of the actualized words was conducted in a functional aspect on the materials of the newest general dictionaries of Ukrainian language.

Reinterpretation of lexeme semantics of the names of artistic movements and streams in the contemporary explanatory dictionaries of Ukrainian language

Background. One of the main processes in composing the newest Ukrainian dictionaries is the deideologization of the semantics of lexical units by means of depriving their evaluation component of the meaning inherent in communist ideology. At the present stage, this is related to the destruction of evaluation oppositions, which were the basis for the formation of the totalitarian world picture of the former USSR, characterized by the polarization of concepts in accordance with their appurtenance to “own” or “alien” value system. The processes of deideologization in modern dictionaries cover various thematic dictionary groups that experienced ideological influence in the Soviet period, in particular, the names of artistic movements and streams.Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to identify the changes in the semantics of lexical units used for the designation of artistic movements and streams on the basis of the comparative analysis of words interpretation in dictionaries of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, and to determine the degree to which the definitions of this vocabulary are released from the ideological content.Methods. The paper uses descriptive, diachronic-comparative and component analysis methods. These methods include classification and systematization of lexical material techniques.Results. As a result of the comparative analysis of the interpretation of words in the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in 11 volumes (1970–1980) as well as of the modern lexicographic works, it has been found out that due to the alienation of the axiological opposition “own – alien” in the modern period, the names of artistic movements and streams are freed from negative marking. They are reinterpreted in accordance with modern realities, in particular, Ukrainian reality, and acquire neutral and in certain contexts positive connotations. This is achieved due to such lexicographic techniques as avoiding evaluation attributes, spatial-temporal characteristics and other ideological markers as well as due to presentation of new lexeme definitions. Moreover, the examples of the incomplete deideologization of lexical units are found, which consists in providing the old ideological definitions, preservation of the ideological semes in the meaning of words, which does not promote objectivity of their lexicographic representation.Discussion. It is concluded that modern lexicographic works demonstrate the changes in the semantics of lexemes used to designate artistic movements and streams in accordance with the new requirements of society. However, the rudiments of the Soviet ideology in the vocabulary definitions indicate that the processes of deideologization in the lexicographic sphere are not completed yet and require further in-depth study.

THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WORD-FORMATIVE TYPES WITH SUFFIXES -ИЦ(Я) AND -ИН(И) IN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

Thе deverbative word-formative types in Ukrainian language defined in works by I. Kovalyk, S. Bevzenko, S. Samiylenko, V. Tokar, L. Humetska and other. Thе article is devoted to the study of functioning of the word-formative types with suffixes -иц(я) and -ин(и). The attention is focused of the development of these word-formative types. Our research is based on examples from «Dictionary of Ukrainian language» (1907 – 1909) by B. Grinchenko and «Dictionary of Ukrainian language» (1970 – 1980). To reach the aim we had to solve the following problems: to outline the verbal nouns of the word-formative types with formants -иц(я) and -ин(и) in the dictionaries; to study characteristics of these word-formative types; to analyse of they semantic load transformations on the development. Methodology: the descriptive method, the continuous sampling method, the method of morphemic and derivational analysis.

Digital Lexicographic Systems and Traditional Paper Dictionaries (From Traditional Paper Dictionaries to Digital Lexicographic Systems)

Digital Lexicographic Systems and Traditional Paper Dictionaries (From Traditional Paper Dictionaries to Digital Lexicographic Systems)Main problems of modern lexicography are under analysis. The theory of lexicographical systems is presented as well as its applications for the description of the structure of lexicographical systems for new digital Ukrainian Explanatory Dictionary and Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language. The concept of virtual lexicographical laboratories is presented. The implementation of two virtual lexicographical laboratories is given (the first for Ukrainian Explanatory Dictionary and next for Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language).

Yevhen Tymchenko and the staff of The Commission for the Compiling of The Historical Dictionary of Ukrainian Language

The article provides biographical information on the staff of The Commission for the Compiling of The Historical Dictionary of Ukrainian Language at the UAN under the leadership of Yevhen Tymchenko.