Concept Dictionary Research Articles

The Linguistic Representation of the Concept of PATRIOTISM in the Modern Russian Language Consciousness (on the Basis of Data from an Associative Chain Experiment)

The article presents the procedure and results of a linguistic experimental study of the cognitive characteristics underlying basic ideas about patriotism in the modern Russian language consciousness as identified by the author from previous studies of the semantic content of the concept of PATRIOTISM in accordance with language data. The purpose of the study is to verify the data that was obtained as a result of an analysis of language and textual material as well as to clarify the specific features of how the concept of PATRIOTISM is embodied in the consciousness of modern Russian speakers. The study is based on language data obtained from an associative chain experiment (associations of the word stimulus “patriotism”) that was conducted by the author and involved a sample of 100 respondents. The methodological basis of the study consists of the theoretical foundations and principles for analyzing the “language of national culture” that have been developed by modern Russian sociolinguistics within the framework of the cognitive-oriented anthropocentric paradigm proposed by the modern humanities. The study borrows methods from modern conceptual analysis as well as methods that are used to conduct associative chain experiments. As a result, we were able to verify and clarify the current semantic content of the concept of PATRIOTISM, including 17 cognitive characteristics, within the national conceptual space. The main results of the study can be used when drafting teaching and classroom guidelines and lesson plans as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. They can also be applied in compiling new types of dictionaries, including dictionaries of concepts and thesauri of sociolinguistics.

New Insights in the Design and Compilation of Digital Bilingual Lexicographical Products: The Case of the Diccionarios Valladolid-UVa

This contribution deals with a new digital English–Spanish–English lexicographical project that started as an assignment from the Danish high-tech company Ordbogen A/S which signed a contract with the University of Valladolid (Spain) for designing and compiling a digital lexicographical product that is economically and commercially feasible and can be used for various purposes in connection with its expansion into new markets and the launching of new tools and services which make use of lexicographical data. The article presents the philosophy underpinning the project, highlights some of the innovations introduced, e.g. the use of logfiles for compiling the initial lemma list and the order of compilation, and illustrates a compilation methodology which starts by assuming the relevance of new concepts, i.e. object and auxiliary languages instead of target and source languages. The contribution also defends the premise that the future of e-lexicography basically rests on a close cooperation between research centers and high-tech companies which assures the adequate use of disruptive technologies and innovations. Keywords : dictionary concept; empirical resources; logfiles; ngram viewer; internet as a corpus; compilation methods; lexicographical data; online dictionaries; integrated dictionaries; writing assistants; L2-reception dictionaries; L2-production dictionaries; translation dictionaries

A typology of lexicographical tools based on information needs and user types

The focus of this article is dictionary typology and the purpose of developing dictionary typologies. Our main argument is that each new dictionary concept should be conceptualised based on a typology developed specifically for that purpose, i.e., that the primary use of a dictionary typology should be the development of new lexicographical tools. A typology can also be used to describe existing lexicographical tools from a specific viewpoint, but this should not be the point of departure for developing a typology. The first section discusses the distinction between classification and typology. In the following section, we present and discuss some of the dictionary typologies and approaches to developing dictionary typologies suggested over time. In the third section, we suggest a typology of information needs as the point of departure for a typology of lexicographical tools. The fourth and final section firstly presents a discussion of the concept of lexicographical tool, and secondly, it presents an example of a function-based typology developed to be applied in the production of six planned lexicographical tools. This function-based typology is a two-step typology structured around a combination of users’ information needs and user types.

Translating English Specialized Dictionary Articles into Danish and Spanish: Some Reflections

This paper aims to cast some light on three broad topics. Firstly, it elaborates on the concept of dictionaries as texts. Hence, they are compiled to provide assistance in several situations and are divided into sections that often represent different text types. Secondly, it defends that lexicographic equivalence is a parole phenomenon that is so much influenced by genre and topic conventions that practicing it, e.g. translating bilingual dictionary articles, requires skills that, to the best of our knowledge, have not been described in the lexicographic literature. Thirdly, reflections on the above topics are illustrated with the practice of translating the English dictionary articles of the Accounting Dictionaries into Danish and Spanish. They will allow us to comment on some peculiarities of specialized dictionary translation, i.e. a type of translation that shows some differences with standard text types such as journal articles, books and so on. Keywords: specialized dictionary; lexicographic equivalent; Danish; English; Spanish; dictionary translation; accounting; bilingual dictionary

A National Concept Dictionary

Overall objectives or goalMost of the organizations that use population administrative data for research purposes have internal repository of validated definitions and algorithms of their own. Many of these concepts and definitions are applicable or at least adaptable to other organizations and jurisdictions. A comprehensive National (and potentially International) Concept Dictionary could help investigators to carry out methodologically sound work using consistent and validated algorithms using a shared pool of knowledge and resources.
 The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) in Ontario, Canada has recently modernized its internal Concept Dictionary by adopting standard templates based on the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) Concept Dictionary, reviewing and updating existing content and tagging the concept entries with appropriate MeSH terms and data sources, and adding standard computer code (e.g., SAS coding) where appropriate. A SharePoint® web-based application has been developed to provide advanced tagging, searching and browsing features.
 We envision a wiki-based Concept Dictionary hosted on a cloud-based environment with very granular access controls to provide enough flexibility for each participating organization to control their own content. This means each organization will be able to decide on how to share their own concepts (or part of them) with the public or internal users.
 All content will be tagged with MeSH terms and as well with the organization’s name that initially posts each entry. Other organizations which find the same concept applicable to their own use can tag the same entry with their organization name or refer to a secondary adapted entry if adaptation to fit their data and methodologies is required.
 The Search feature will allow refining the search criteria by MeSH terms, data sources, and also organization/jurisdiction name.
 Multiple layers of access controls will allow each organization to have their own groups of users with different standard privileges such as Local Administrators, Authors and Approvers (or Publishers).
 The Approver (Publisher) users within each organization can publish each entry for internal or public view. This way, for example, a definition/algorithm can be viewable only within the organization until the validation process is complete, and then the entry can be made publically available, while some sections, such as computer code, can remain restricted to the organization.
 We will discuss challenges in developing and maintaining such a platform including the costs, governance, intellectual property rights, copyrights and liabilities for the participating organizations.
 The intended output or outcomeWe aim to use this opportunity to form a working group from the interested organizations that are ready to participate and commit in developing this collaborative platform. After the conference, there will be follow up sessions with the members of the working group to plan and develop the online application.

Development of a Concept Dictionary to Standardize Definitions and Classifications While Working With a Common Repository of Linked Administrative Data

IntroductionSupporting standardized approaches to common tasks is an important component of quality research using linked administrative data. Standard concept definitions and classifications are vital for ensuring accuracy and consistency in definitions between projects, and improving efficiency and quality. Other leading organizations have published online standard definitions of concepts and classifications.
 Objectives and ApproachWe developed a comprehensive concept dictionary using a standardized definition template of key components including data sources, codes, scale or range of values, validation details, limitations, SAS code and formats, related concepts, and MeSH terms. A web-based application (built on the Microsoft SharePoint platform) was developed to offer the latest web content authoring capabilities, and advanced search mechanisms enabling the user to search concepts by MeSH terms and key words. It also allowed for navigating concepts through category navigation including clickable categories and sub-categories. Entries will be reviewed annually to ensure the content remains up-to-date.
 ResultsTo date, ten concepts, with accompanying codes, have been published on the concept dictionary with another ten currently undergoing editorial review. These concepts span a variety of topics such as injuries, mental health and addictions-related outpatient services, and annual physical exams. New concepts written by content experts and reviewed by an editorial committee will be added on an on-going basis; thirty concepts are currently under development.
 Conclusion/ImplicationsDevelopment of a concept dictionary provides standardized definitions, algorithms and codes to ensure consistency and quality of research and analysis across multiple projects. Future aims include expansion of the internal organizational site to an external site through collaboration with key stakeholders.

Blind deblurring using coupled convolutional sparse coding regularisation for noisy‐blurry images

This Letter proposes a novel method to deblur a blurry image corrupted by noise. The authors estimate a noise-free version of the input blurred image and a corresponding noise-free version of the latent image without damaging the blur information, as well as the latent image and blur kernel in an alternating fashion. To this end, they first propose coupled convolutional sparse coding, which incorporates the coupled dictionary concept into convolutional sparse coding. Then they model the noise-free blurred image to share the sparse coefficients with the noise-free latent image using the coupled dictionaries. By utilising these noise-free images as priors in alternating latent image estimation and blur kernel estimation steps, they can estimate a high-quality latent image and blur kernel in the presence of noise. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms previous methods in handling noisy blurred images.

A Semantic Framework to Improve Interoperability of Malaria Surveillance Systems

ObjectiveMalaria is one of the top causes of death in Africa and some other regions in the world. Data driven surveillance activities are essential for enabling the timely interventions to alleviate the impact of the disease and eventually eliminate malaria. Improving the interoperability of data sources through the use of shared semantics is a key consideration when designing surveillance systems, which must be robust in the face of dynamic changes to one or more components of a distributed infrastructure. Here we introduce a semantic framework to improve interoperability of malaria surveillance systems (SIEMA).IntroductionIn 2015, there were 212 million new cases of malaria, and about 429,000 malaria death, worldwide. African countries accounted for almost 90% of global cases of malaria and 92% of malaria deaths. Currently, malaria data are scattered across different countries, laboratories, and organizations in different heterogeneous data formats and repositories. The diversity of access methodologies makes it difficult to retrieve relevant data in a timely manner. Moreover, lack of rich metadata limits the reusability of data and its integration. The current process of discovering, accessing and reusing the data is inefficient and error-prone profoundly hindering surveillance efforts.As our knowledge about malaria and appropriate preventive measures becomes more comprehensive malaria data management systems, data collection standards, and data stewardship are certain to change regularly. Collectively these changes will make it more difficult to perform accurate data analytics or achieve reliable estimates of important metrics, such as infection rates. Consequently, there is a critical need to rapidly re-assess the integrity of data and knowledge infrastructures that experts depend on to support their surveillance tasks.MethodsIn order to address the challenge of heterogeneity of malaria data sources we recruit domain specific ontologies in the field (e.g. IDOMAL (1)) that define a shared lexicon of concepts and relations. These ontologies are expressed in the standard Web Ontology Language (OWL).To over come challenges in accessing distributed data resources we have adopted the Semantic Automatic Discovery & Integration framework (SADI) (2) to ensure interoperability. SADI provides a way to describe services that provide access to data, detailing inputs and outputs of services and a functional description. Existing ontology terms are used when building SADI Service descriptions. The services can be discovered by querying a registry and combined into complex workflows. Users can issue SPARQL syntax to a query engine which can plan complex workflows to fetch actual data, without having to know how target data is structured or where it is located.In order to tackle changes in target data sources, the ontologies or the service definitions, we create a Dashboard (3) that can report any changes. The Dashboard reuses some existing tools to perform a series of checks. These tools compare versions of ontologies and databases allowing the Dashboard to report these changes. Once a change has been identified, as series of recommendations can be made, e.g. services can be retired or updated so that data access can continue.ResultsWe used the Mosquito Insecticide Resistance Ontology (MIRO) (5) to define the common lexicon for our data sources and queries. The sources we created are CSV files that use the IRbase (4) schema. With the data defined using we specified several SPARQL queries and the SADI services needed to answer them. These services were designed to enabled access to the data separated in different files using different formats. In order to showcase the capabilities of our Dashboard, we also modified parts of the service definitions, of the ontology and of the data sources. This allowed us to test our change detection capabilities. Once changes where detected, we manually updated the services to comply with a revised ontology and data sources and checked that the changes we proposed where yielding services that gave the right answers. In the future, we plan to make the updating of the services automatic.ConclusionsBeing able to make the relevant information accessible to a surveillance expert in a seamless way is critical in tackling and ultimately curing malaria. In order to achieve this, we used existing ontologies and semantic web services to increase the interoperability of the various sources. The data as well as the ontologies being likely to change frequently, we also designed a tool allowing us to detect and identify the changes and to update the services so that the whole surveillance systems becomes more resilient.

The Language of Child’s Emotions

The article shows the problem of the importance of emotions as one of the soft competencies. The author bases her reflectionson the thesis that an individual understanding of the emotions experienced by oneself and others may influencethe internal (spiritual) integration of a person as well as the sense of acceptance and belonging to the community. Child’s emotions, due to their primarily pre-interpre-tation of reality, also affect other developmental processes such as perception, memory and attention.The author of the article focuses on the importance of the emotional competence of the child expres-sed in a verbal way. She notes that skilfully used rich dictionary of concepts related to emotions can influencethe subsequent proper functioning in community. Also, citing research, the author states that early emotional education influencesthe development of qualities such as sensitivity, ability to empathize and openness to another person. The combination of language education with emotional, moral and social education becomes the starting point for axiolinguistic education.

Applying Bourdieu’s capital-field-habitus framework to migrant careers: taking stock and adding a transnational perspective

HRM and Migration scholars increasingly employ Bourdieu’s concepts of capitals, fields and habitus to explain the interrelationships between migrant careers and context. Both literatures employ a Bourdieusean framework to examine devaluation of migrant capitals in host nations and migrant responses to such devaluation. However, their explanations are based on different assumptions of context. HRM literature regards migrants as confined to the host nation context, whereas Migration literature places them in a transnational context, spanning both originating and host nations. In this conceptual paper, we argue for integrating transnational perspectives into HRM literature to offer a more accurate portrayal of contemporary migrant lives, and to capture greater nuance in migrant career experiences. We seek to expand the conceptual lexicon to support new conceptualisations of transnational context, and to explore how locating a Bourdieusean framework in transnational contexts enhances its ability to explain migrant career experiences.

Образный компонент концепта «property» в британской лингвокультуре в первой половине XX века

This article describes the figurative component of the linguacultural concept «property» revealed through the text analysis of the novel «The Man of Property» by John Galsworthy. The authors define the basic properties of the concept «property» and prototypical methods of reflecting objects and phenomena by this concept. The results of this research may be used in creating dictionaries of linguacultural concepts of the English language.

Концепт НАДЕЖДА в русской и китайской языковых картинах мира в свете сопоставительного лингвокультурологического анализа

The article presents contrastive linguo-culturological analysis of the unique Russian cultural concept NADEZHDA (HOPE) and the corresponding Chinese one. The purpose is to give complex description of content and structure features of verbal embodiment of the concept NADEZHDA in the aspect of Russian-Chinese language correlations. Design / methodology / approach include the following. The linguo-culturological approach is the base of the research methodology. The concrete method is the methodic of contrastive linguo-culturological analysis of conceptual content and language objectification of the concept. The material of the study is the data of basic Russian and Chinese dictionaries. Practical implications of the research are conditioned by possibility to use its results for teaching Russian as foreign language for Chinese graduate and post-graduate students. The results can be also used in the theory and practice of compiling the innovational dictionaries of concepts and linguo-cultural thesauri. Findings are that all the sense components of the Russian cultural concept the concept NADEZHDA are mainly presented in Chinese, but they are realized in different, diverged semantically and historically words. If the Russian concept NADEZHDA goes back to the idea of a stronghold, a support, the Chinese concept accents prospective semantics on the basis of spatial representations. Different cultural realities of Russian and Chinese worlds are expected to be reflected in language embodiment of compared concepts. Originality / value consists in that the analysis proves that the Russian concept NADEZHDA is connected with the other concepts VERA (FAITH) and SUD’BA (DESTINY) together with them expressing the key idea of the Russian language picture of the world about unpredictability of the universe, while the Chinese concept is corresponded with the idea of Middle Way and moderation, it is mainly oriented to the concept NORM.

Exploring the Organization of Semantic Memory through Unsupervised Analysis of Event-related Potentials.

Modern multivariate methods have enabled the application of unsupervised techniques to analyze neurophysiological data without strict adherence to predefined experimental conditions. We demonstrate a multivariate method that leverages priming effects on the evoked potential to perform hierarchical clustering on a set of word stimuli. The current study focuses on the semantic relationships that play a key role in the organization of our mental lexicon of words and concepts. The N400 component of the event-related potential is considered a reliable neurophysiological response that is indicative of whether accessing one concept facilitates subsequent access to another (i.e., one "primes" the other). To further our understanding of the organization of the human mental lexicon, we propose to utilize the N400 component to drive a clustering algorithm that can uncover, given a set of words, which particular subsets of words show mutual priming. Such a scheme requires a reliable measurement of the amplitude of the N400 component without averaging across many trials, which was here achieved using a recently developed multivariate analysis method based on beamforming. We validated our method by demonstrating that it can reliably detect, without any prior information about the nature of the stimuli, a well-known feature of the organization of our semantic memory: the distinction between animate and inanimate concepts. These results motivate further application of our method to data-driven exploration of disputed or unknown relationships between stimuli.

The concept of the russian-ukrainian academic dictionary by A. Krymskyy and S. Yefremov

Background. In the period from 1920 to 1933, the political situation was very prosperous for the Ukrainian language and lexicography development in particular. The need for new dictionaries was very large because of formation of the one variant of the Ukrainian literary language, formation of the orthography, appearance of many new words. From 1920 to 1933, about 180 dictionaries were published; however, they have been researched only partially. Therefore, there is a need to study the concepts of dictionaries of the above-mentioned period, especially the concept of the Russian-Ukrainian academic dictionary by A. Krymskkyy and S. Yefremov as the first academic dictionary of the Ukrainian language.Purpose. Our goal here is to describe and analyze the concept of the Russian-Ukrainian academic dictionary by A. Krymskkyy and S. Yefremov.Methods. In our study, we mainly use a descriptive method.Results. Results of our study suggest that the Russian-Ukrainian academic dictionary by A. Krymskkyy and S. Yefremov is the dictionary of a mixed type. Being a translation dictionary, it also holds the features of explanatory, synonymic, and phraseological dictionaries. Publication of such a dictionary was determined by the large quantity of the material and the need to create a large dictionary, which could be an authoritative source of information for many users. Thereby, the Russian-Ukrainian academic dictionary by A. Krymskkyy and S. Yefremov was aimed to realize norms of the new orthography of the Ukraininan language, make stylistic differentiation of the words, as well as give explanations and idioms.Discussion. Qualities of different types of dictionaries developed in Russian-Ukrainian academic dictionary unequally because the concept of the dictionary has changed after the beginning of the work. Its volumes were edited by many different editors, and the chief editor had no opportunity to verify all the text before the publishing. Subsequent researches of the concept of the Russian-Ukrainian academic dictionary will allow to determine the influence this dictionary has had on the forthcoming translation, explanatory, synonymic, and phraseological dictionaries, and the way this dictionary was used while working on the forthcoming dictionaries.

At the crossroads of digital humanities and historical lexicography: The Middle Dutch ‘seemly play (abel spel) of Winter and Summer’ as a research case

Digitization has changed the concept of dictionaries from merely alphabetically ordered reference works into lexical databases providing flexible search systems with interconnected lemmas. This article investigates ensuing opportunities and useful design options of digitized historical dictionaries as research tools for the study of texts. It appears that we have arrived at an interesting intersection of digital humanities and historical lexicography. The 14th-century ‘seemly play of Winter and Summer’ serves as a research case.

Deep learning for content-based video retrieval in film and television production

While digitization has changed the workflow of professional media production, the content-based labeling of image sequences and video footage, necessary for all subsequent stages of film and television production, archival or marketing is typically still performed manually and thus quite time-consuming. In this paper, we present deep learning approaches to support professional media production. In particular, novel algorithms for visual concept detection, similarity search, face detection, face recognition and face clustering are combined in a multimedia tool for effective video inspection and retrieval. The analysis algorithms for concept detection and similarity search are combined in a multi-task learning approach to share network weights, saving almost half of the computation time. Furthermore, a new visual concept lexicon tailored to fast video retrieval for media production and novel visualization components are introduced. Experimental results show the quality of the proposed approaches. For example, concept detection achieves a mean average precision of approximately 90% on the top-100 video shots, and face recognition clearly outperforms the baseline on the public Movie Trailers Face Dataset.

Conceptual analysis studies in Turkish tests and suggestions to solve the computer network terms lexicon

AbstractConceptual inference on texts with natural language processing is one of the most important topics of artificial intelligence. The meaning extraction process with artificial intelligence algorithms is frequently done in foreign languages, and in recent years studies for Turkish have been increasing. In this study, concept-meaning extraction studies made for Turkish have been researched and extraction algorithms which can be done on the computer network concept dictionary have been investigated.
 Keywords: artificial intelligence, wordnet, algorithms, dictionary, network.

Development of Economics Through Project Management

In the definition of the essence of management, the initial concept is the term project, which is given in many dictionaries of modern concepts and terms (from the Latin projectum), which means cast forward, rush, exile. In Sanskrit, the root ja means birth, generation, creation, appearance, and the verb prajan means appear, arise, be born. Thus, the roots of the word project connect it with the process of creating something new, the emergence, the manifestation of something in the material world. According to many authors, the concept of scientific management is characterized by such criteria as mechanicism, hierarchy, verticality, centralization. The concept of this school proceeds from the assumption that in order to optimize material production, labor simplification was applied, timekeeping, formalization and management tools were adequate.

Dictionaries and distributions: Combining expert knowledge and large scale textual data content analysis : Distributed dictionary representation.

Theory-driven text analysis has made extensive use of psychological concept dictionaries, leading to a wide range of important results. These dictionaries have generally been applied through word count methods which have proven to be both simple and effective. In this paper, we introduce Distributed Dictionary Representations (DDR), a method that applies psychological dictionaries using semantic similarity rather than word counts. This allows for the measurement of the similarity between dictionaries and spans of text ranging from complete documents to individual words. We show how DDR enables dictionary authors to place greater emphasis on construct validity without sacrificing linguistic coverage. We further demonstrate the benefits of DDR on two real-world tasks and finally conduct an extensive study of the interaction between dictionary size and task performance. These studies allow us to examine how DDR and word count methods complement one another as tools for applying concept dictionaries and where each is best applied. Finally, we provide references to tools and resources to make this method both available and accessible to a broad psychological audience.

A Dictionary-Based Approach for Identifying Biomedical Concepts

In this research, we provided a dictionary-based approach for identifying biomedical concepts from the literature. The approach first crawled experimental corpus by E-utilities and built a concept dictionary. Then, we developed an algorithm called Variable-step Window Identification Algorithm (VWIA) for matching biomedical concepts based on preprocessing, POS tagging and the formation of phrase block. The approach could identify embedded biomedical concepts and new concepts, which could identify concepts more completely. The proposed approach obtain 95.0% F-measure overall for the test dataset. Thus, it is promising for the method of biomedical text mining.