Dicle University Research Articles

An Assessment of the effects and evaluation of remote (online) teaching processes on students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case of Dicle University Faculty of Architecture

2019 Aralık ayında başlayan ve günümüzde devam eden Covid-19 virüsü dünyada ve ülkemizdebaşta eğitim olmak üzere birçok alanda olumsuz yönde etkisini göstermektedir. Birçok ülkedesosyal mesafe ve hareketliliğin sınırlandırılması veya azaltılması amacıyla eğitim kurumlarıkapatılmış, bu kurumlarda ivedilikle uzaktan eğitim süreci başlatılmıştır. Türkiye’de 2020 yılıMart ayında görülen ilk vaka sonrası ilk, orta ve yükseköğretim kurumları, kapatılmış bu süreçteeğitimler uzaktan (çevrimiçi) olarak verilmiştir. Ancak uygulamalı derslerde bu süreçte bazısıkıntılar yaşanmıştır. Özellikle yüksek eğitim kurumlarının uygulamalı eğitim veren bölümlerinde(tıp, diş hekimliği, hemşirelik, mimarlık, planlama, tasarım, vb.) uygulamalı derslerin uzaktan(çevrimiçi) eğitimle verilmesi öğrencilerin zorluklar yaşamasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada,uygulamalı derslerin yoğun olduğu mimarlık bölümü lisans eğitiminde uzaktan (çevrimiçi) eğitimsürecinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada örneklem olarak Dicle Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi,Mimarlık Bölümü lisans öğrencileri seçilmiştir. Uzaktan eğitimin getirdiği olumlu ve olumsuzkoşullar ile öğrencilerin bu süreç ile ilgili düşünce ve davranış biçimlerinin belirlenmesini sağlayan214 öğrencinin katıldığı bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 istatistikianaliz programında değerlendirilmiş, Ki-Kare ve Fisher-Kesin olasılık Testleri kullanılmıştır.Araştırmanın bulguları, Covid-19 Pandemisi döneminde uzaktan eğitimde, mimarlık gibiuygulamalı eğitim gerektiren bölümlerde başlangıç aşamalarında zorluklar yaşanmakla birlikte,öğrenciler ve eğitimcilerin önemli bir yeni eğitim deneyimi kazandıklarını; yüz yüze eğitimlekarşılaştırıldığında uzaktan eğitimin farklı boyutlarda avantajları ve kolaylıkları olduğunu, bunedenle eğitim-öğretim sistemine entegre edilmesinin yararlı olabileceğini; bu deneyimin tümboyutlarıyla değerlendirilmesine yönelik yeni araştırmalara da ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Frequency and relationship of ABO blood groups in patients with nephrotic syndrome

Aim of the study: To investigate the frequency of ABO blood groups and the relationship between nephrotic syndrome (NS) and blood groups in patients with NS. Material and methods: 199 patients with a diagnosis of NS and 200 healthy individuals, who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology between 2016 and 2020, and whose blood group information was in the records, were included in the study as the control group. This study was carried out retrospectively using data from the file registration system in our hospital. Results: In the study, there were 199 patients: 52.8% (n = 105) male and 47.2% (n = 94) female and 200 healthy individuals: 47.5% male (n = 95) 52.5% female (n = 105). The mean age of the patients was 35.79 ± 12.21 (min-max: 17–71), and the mean proteinuria was 7.08 ± 4.33 (min-max: 3.50–25.50). There was no difference between sick and healthy individuals in terms of age or sex (p > 0.05). It was determined that 43.2% of the patients had blood group A, 26.1% blood group O, 25.1% blood group B, and 5.5% blood group AB. There was no significant difference between blood groups of patients with NS and individuals in the healthy group (p > 0.05). Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) (27.9%) was most common in blood group A; FSGS was detected most frequently in blood groups B (46.0%), O (28.8%), and AB (36.4%). The most common cause of NS was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 31.2% (n = 62), and MGN was the second common cause in 19.1% (n = 38), blood group B (37.1%) in FSGS, blood group O (46.7%) in systemic lupus erythematosus, MGN (63.2%), IgA nephropathy (50%), and MPGN (52.2%) was found most frequently in blood group A. Conclusions: We did not find a significant relationship between the blood group and NS in our study.

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Productivity

Organic fertilizers are the basis of sustainable agriculture and an important resource in plant nutrition as well. The research was conducted out in the greenhouse conditions of the Dicle University Faculty of Agriculture, Diyarbakır, Turkey in 2020. The effects of 14 different organic fertilizers on grain yield, yield components, morphology and physiology properties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) were examined. It was found that sheep manure (3,56 g/plant) among - used fertilizers have a greater effect on both the growth and yield components of wheat in comparison with other organic fertilizers. The grain yield and biomass yield obtained from sheep manure among organic fertilizers have been determined to be competitive with commercial fertilizers. It was revealed that certain organic fertilizers had no effect on grain yield or biomass yield as compared to the control level of no fertilizers. According to the research results, it would be appropriate to use chicken and sheep manure in order to obtain an optimal wheat yield in the organic farming system.

Evaluation of factors affecting morbidity, mortality, and graft survival in kidney transplant patients

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the clinical findings and affecting factors related to graft and patient survival in kidney transplant patients at Dicle University Hospital.
 Method: 72 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2012 and September 2019 were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of patients, transplantation types, clinical and laboratory findings, pre-transplant dialysis types, renal failure etiologies, post-transplant complications, average patient and graft survival times and patient characteristics at the time of diagnosis, laboratory values, and treatment modalities were investigated.
 Results: In this study, the data collected from 72 patients who had kidney transplantation and 68 donors was analysed. The mean age of the patients was 32,7±13,8 years. 31 of patients were female, 41 were male. 56 of the transplants were performed living donors and 12 from cadavers. 9 patients died. The mean of patient survival was 94±3,4 months. Graft loss occured in 15 patients. The mean of graft survival was 86±4,3 months. Acute rejection occured in 10 patients. Chronic allograft nephropathy occured in 19 patients. Chronic allograft nephropathy was found more frequently in patients with acute rejection (p=0.017). In addition, graft loss was more common in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (p=0.002). The dialysis duration was less than 12 months, and the BMI of the recipient was below 30 had a positive effect on patient survival.
 Conclusion: Recipient obesity and long-term dialysis programs reduce patient survival. In addition, prevention of rejection has a positive effect on patient and graft survival.

Analysis of beta globin gene mutations in Diyarbakir

Abstract Objectives Hemoglobin disorders are quite heterogeneous in the Turkish population. Up to now, more than forty different beta thalassemia mutations and 60 hemoglobin variants have been characterized in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic heterogeneity of HBB gene mutations in patients and their parents at Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from 145 thalassemic patients’ blood samples and their parents in this study. Ten different HBB gene mutations HBB:c.-80T>A, HBB:c.17_18delCT, HBB:c.25_26delAA, HBB:c.92+1G>A, HBB:c.92+5G>C, HBB:c.92+6T>C, HBB:c.93-21G>A, HBB:c.135delC, HBB:c.315+1G>A, HBB:c.316-106C>G were screened by amplification refractory mutation system. Four Hb variants and some rare beta thalassemia mutation were characterized by DNA sequencing. Results In this study, 97 homozygous and 48 compound heterozygous thalassemic patients were diagnosed by molecular genetic analyses. As a results, 18 β-thalassemia mutations and four abnormal hemoglobins; HBB:c.20A>T, HBB:c.364G>C, HBB:c.34G>A and HBB:c.208G>A were detected at Dicle University Hospital. Conclusions In the results, HBB:c.93-21G>A is the most common mutation in the region. Three mutations [(HBB:c.93-21G>A), (HBB:c.25_26delAA) and (HBB:c.135delC)] account for about 58 per cent of all the point mutations. Except HBB:c.20A>T and HBB:c.364G>C, two silent Hb variants (HBB:c.34G>A and HBB:c.208G>A) were detected in this study. Hb Hamilton [β11 (GTT>ATT) Val>Ile] was seen first time in Turkey.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patient: A case report

Aim: Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare hereditary disease that arises from a developmental disorder of 2 or more ectoderm-derived tissues. Ectodermal dysplasia is seen in 3 different types: anhidrotic, hypohidrotic, and hidrotic. Its anhidrotic and hypohidrotic types are the most common. This study presents the intraoral findings and dental treatment approach of a case diagnosed with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia that demonstrates the typical characteristics of the disease, such as anodontia, hypohydrosis (reduced sweating), hypotrichosis (sparse hair), and loss of vertical dimension.
 Methodology: A 5-year-old male patient presented to the clinic of the Prosthetic Dental Treatment Department of the School of Dentistry at Dicle University on 25.10.2020 with complaint of missing teeth. A genetic analysis conducted in 2016 showed that he was a homozygous carrier of the p.Cys148Arg (c.442 T>C) mutation on the 5th exon of the ectodysplasin-A receptor (EDAR) gene. The mutation detected in the patient was associated with ectodermal dysplasia. An extraoral clinical examination revealed sparse hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes; soft, smooth, and dry skin; thin, linear wrinkles around the eyes and the lips; drooping, thickened lips; a sunken nose; fractured nails; hyperthermia due to lack of sweat glands; hyperkeratosis in the skin and soles of the feet; 2 nipples on one side of the chest; and reduced vertical facial height. An intraoral examination revealed anodontia; there were no teeth on the maxilla or the mandible and no radiographically identified tooth germ. Dry mouth due to a lack of sufficient saliva was another finding.
 Conclusion: In this case report, in the presence of anodontia, a removable total prosthesis, which is a non-invasive treatment option, was applied. Production of endosseous implants was postponed for a later time following the patient’s growth and development.
 
 How to cite this article: Gökçe D, Ayna E, Seyfioğlu Polat Z. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patient: A case report. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):292-8. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.43
 
 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

An evaluation of the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health in children based on maternal dental anxiety

Aim: This study aimed to understand the causes of dental anxiety that prevent optimal treatment in pediatric dental clinics and to examine the relationship between the child's dental anxiety level and the dental anxiety level of his or her parents. It also aimed to understand how the oral health of children whose parents have dental anxiety is affected by their parents’ feelings.
 Methodology: This study was conducted by evaluating the answers given to the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire, which was applied to 248 children without mental or developmental retardation who consulted the Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry between January and October 2020. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) questionnaire was applied to their parents. In addition, dmft+DMFT scores were determined by performing oral examinations on the children.
 Results: While a statistically significant relationship was found between the dental anxiety levels of the 248 children included in our study and the dental anxiety levels of their mothers, no significant relationship was found between the dental anxiety levels of their fathers and those of the children. Those children whose mothers had high dental anxiety scores had higher dmft+DMFT scores, compared to others involved in the survey. The dmft+DMFT scores of the children with high dental anxiety were found to be higher than those of other children.
 Conclusion: Parents, especially mothers, play an important role in the development of children’s dental anxiety. The fact that parents with dental anxiety often avoid taking their children to the dentist prevents necessary treatments from being performed on time and causes the children’s oral health to deteriorate over time. Informing parents about reducing dental anxiety and dentists’ efforts to teach coping strategies can be helpful for minimizing the impact of parents' dental concerns on their children. By increasing mothers’ awareness of oral and dental health, it can be ensured that both they and their children will benefit more from dentistry services.
 
 How to cite this article: Çelenk S, Kol Ş. An evaluation of the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health in children based on maternal dental anxiety. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):86-90. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.14
 
 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Is there a relationship between the liver SUVmax values in FDG-PET/CT imaging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score?

Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide with an estimated prevalence of 20%–30% in adult population. Following the widespread utilization of PET in the evaluation of malignant diseases, F-18 FDG have also been reported to be used in non-malignant processes. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the FDG SUVmax values determined by PET/CT in different adipose tissue samples and the liver change according to NAFLD score. During our desktop research we did not find any published article therefore, it is the first study in this field.
 Materials and Method: A total of 230 patients who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine between March and April 2020 and who have been conducted FDG PET/CT for diagnosis, staging, restaging and evaluation of response to treatment were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to their NAFLD score as patients with fibrosis score 0.676 (severe fibrosis group) group-3. 
 Results: Liver SUVmax levels were found to be significantly higher in group-3 than group-1. No significant difference was observed between group-2 and group-3. SUVmax levels measured from supracalvicular region, posterior scapular region and mesentery region were not different from each other in all three groups. Glucose-corrected liver SUVglu levels were found to be significantly lower in group-1 than group-3 (p=0.001). In terms of liver SUVglu levels, group-1 and group-2 and group-2 and group-3 did not differ statistically from each other. Supracalvicular SUVglu, posterior scapular SUVglu and mesenteric SUVglu groups were not different from each other.
 Conclusions: The most important result of this study could be elaborated with increased FDG uptake in NAFLD. Liver FDG uptake increases as the severity of NAFLD increases as demonstrated by the NAFLD score.

Relationship of socioeconomic status and oral-dental health in the Southeastern Anatolia

Aim: Oral and dental health is affected by many factors such as general health status, socioeconomic status.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of socioeconomic status on DMFT and oral hygiene habits of patients. 
 Material and Method: 400 patients who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry for dental treatments were asked to fill in a questionnaire to reflect their oral hygiene habits along with their descriptive information and socioeconomic status.
 Clinical and radiological examinations of the patients were made, and the value of the DMFT index was determined for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. 
 Results: According to our study, the education status, monthly income and frequency of tooth brushing affect the DMFT index value statistically significantly (p

Evaluation of Hematological Parameters of Children Diagnosed with COVID-19: Single-Center Experience.

Objective:Although many pediatric studies on children infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been published, the diagnosis, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and treatment of COVID-19 in children are still unclear.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted with an aim to examine the hematological findings of symptomatic pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in May 2020 at the Pandemic Hospital in Dicle University. Patient records were evaluated retrospectively. This study involved 59 symptomatic pediatric patients with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 who had positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results on nasopharyngeal swab between March 15, 2020 and May 31, 2020. Results:The records of a total of 10 (16.9%) patients under the age of 1; 21 (35.6%) patients aged 1-10 years, and, 28 (47.5%) patients aged 10-18 years, who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 were evaluated. Based on severity, 35 (59.3%) patients were in the mild group (group 1) and 24 (40.7%) patients were in the moderate-severe group (group 2). The blood parameters of WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and thrombocyte counts, the hemoglobin (Hgb) level, and NLR, PLR, MPV, fibrinogen, ferritin, and D-dimer levels were compared between groups, the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). LDH was higher in group 2 (P = .014).Conclusion:Since children infected with COVID-19 show mild clinical symptoms or are asymptomatic, fewer pediatric patients may be detected than adults. Therefore, it should be known that the laboratory findings typical for adults may not accompany the disease in pediatric cases. More studies are needed to determine the most appropriate COVID-19 treatment approach for children, as hospitalization history and testing rates are less reported among children.

Epıdemıology and Demography of Open Globe Injury In Chıldren

Objective: To reveal the epidemiology and demographics of open globe injury in children. 
 Methods: In the study, the medical files of 185 patients aged 15 years and younger who applied to the Dicle University 
 Faculty of Medicine Ophthalmology clinic between April 2017 and April 2019 with open globe injury were retrospectively 
 analyzed. Patients were classified according to age, gender, etiology of trauma, location of trauma, and time of trauma 
 and recorded. 
 Results: A total of 185 eyes of 185 children were included in this study. Of the 185 children, 111 (60%) were boys and 
 74 (40%) were girls. The mean age of the 185 patients was 7.26 ± 3.80 years. Patients applied to our hospital 1-36 hours 
 after the İnjury. 101 (54.5%) of the injuries were in the right eye and 84 (45.5%) in the left Regarding the localization of 
 injuries, there were 131 (70.8%) corneal, 32 (17.3%) corneoscleral, 9 (4.9%) limbal, and 13 (7%) scleral cases. These 
 injuries were most commonly caused by 92 (49.7%) metallic objects, 22 (11.9%) glass, and 17 (9.2%) wood pieces. 
 Regarding the time of injury, 43 (23.2%) injuries occurred during 1–3 months, 59 (31.8%) occurred during 4–6 months, 
 50 (27.1%) occurred during 7–9 months, and 33 (17.9%) occurred during 10–12 months. The places where the injuries 
 occurred were 102 (55.1%) houses, 68 (36.8%) outdoors, and 15 (8.1%) schools. 
 Conclusions: Open globe injuries in children were most common in boys, in the age group of 1–5 years, in the right eye, 
 and in the cornea as localization. It was observed that these injuries were mostly caused by metal objects in the 4th to 
 6th months.

Metabolic Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Morbid Obesity Treatment: Early and Mid-Term Results of a Single Center

Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in the preventable metabolic consequences of morbid obesity. We evaluated the weight loss according to body mass index (BMI), changes in comorbid diseases accompanying obesity in patients who underwent surgery in our clinic in the early and mid-period postoperatively, whether there was vitamin deficiency in the mid-term, and the complications associated with the surgery.
 Methods: In this study, a total of 50 patients aged 18-60 who underwent LSG intervention due to morbid obesity between January 1, 2010 and December 2019 by Dicle University School of Medicine, General Surgery Clinic, were retrospectively evaluated. Sociodemographic data of the patients, preoperative BMI, postoperative 3th month, 6th month and 1st year BMI values, preoperative and postoperative 12th month HgA1c levels were measured. Mortality and complication rates were evaluated.
 Results: The mean BMI of 50 patients at pre-LSG, postoperative 3rd month, 6th month and 1st year controls were respectively; 45.83±6.37, 37.63±5.88, 31.91±5.10 and 26.82±3.08kg/m2. Compared to before the intervention, the decrease in BMI was significant at the 3rd month, 6th month and 1st year controls (p

Erratum: Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey

Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat's conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.

Evaluation of retinal and optic nerve vasculature by optic coherence tomography angiography in Migraine with Aura

This study aimed to evaluate the retina by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with migraine with aura (MA) in comparison with healthy controls. A total of 60 patients with MA and 56 control subjects who applied to the Ophthalmology Clinic of Dicle University between January 2020 and February 2020 were included in this study. In all patients, the vascular density (VD) of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) and optic nerve head (ONH), the VD of deep and superficial macular vascular networks, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were measured. Patients with MA showed reduced VD measurements of the nasal and inferotemporal ONH, inferonasal RPCs, and deep macular plexus. No statistically significant difference was observed in the superficial macular VD values between the study groups. The majority of patients with MA showed hypertrophy in the deep FAZ. There was a decrease in VD measurements in the deep macular capillary plexus, ONH, and peripapillary capillaries and hypertrophy in the deep FAZ in patients with MA. According to these results, patients with MA may have an increased risk of developing ocular and systemic vascular complications. Therefore, OCTA can be used to evaluate systemic and ocular hypoperfusion in patients with MA.

EVALUATION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCTS TRANSFUSIONS IN DICLE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE RESEARCH HOSPITAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

This study was designed prospectively to investigate the demographic data of the patients who had blood and blood products in Dicle University Medical Faculty Research Hospital Emergency Service between 01 November 2014- 01 November 2015, also to investigate the indications for blood products used, the amount and the type of the products used. When we look at the diagnosis of patients who underwent transfusion in the emergency department; It was determined that 26.2% were transfused for malignancy, 32.6% for anemia, 18.3% for trauma, 12.5% for GIS bleeding, and 10.4% for other reasons. The patients who had blood product transfusion were 623; 53.8% were male and 46.2% were female. The mean age of the patients was determined 47.87±23.66. The percentage of transfused blood products were as following: 83.6% erythrocyte suspension (ES), 17.3% fresh frozen plasma (FFP), 17.3 % platelet suspension(PS), 0.6% whole blood(WB), %4.3 other blood components (OBC). As a result, we can say that in our study, a large number of transfusions were performed in the emergency department, a specific protocol was not adhered to in determining the indication, and transfusion was performed in support of patients who were mostly under outpatient follow-up. Emergency transfusion decisions should be performed with true emergency indication, follow-up with clinical response rather than laboratory response, and consciousness about the aim of transfusion.

The effects of Reiki and back massage on women's pain and vital signs post-abdominal hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial: The Effects of Reiki and Back Massage on Women's Pain and Vital Signs

BackgroundUsing Reiki and back massage to support pharmacological treatments is increasingly common in nursing. This study aimed to determine the effects of Reiki and back massage on pain, analgesic use, and vital signs among women who had undergone an open abdominal hysterectomy. MethodsThis experimental study involved a single, blinded, pretest-posttest design. The study population comprised women who had undergone an abdominal hysterectomy at the obstetrics clinics of Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital and Dicle University Hospital between July 2017 and February 2018. Patients were divided into three groups: a Reiki group, a back massage group, and a control group. Each group comprised 34 patients. Reiki or back massage was applied to patients in the respective non-control groups for 20 min once a day. Data were collected using a patient information form, the “Numeric Pain Rating Scale,” and the “Vital Signs and Postoperative Analgesic Follow-up Form.” ResultsStatistically significant differences in pain intensity and analgesic use were observed between the women in the Reiki group and the women in the back massage and control groups (p < 0.001). Significant differences in vital signs were observed between the groups before and after their respective procedures; in the Reiki group, they tended to decrease, while in the back massage and control groups, they tended to increase. ConclusionThis study's findings confirmed that pain, analgesic use, and vital signs decreased after Reiki among women who had undergone an abdominal hysterectomy.

Classification of Epilepsy Types from Electroencephalogram Time Series Using Continuous Wavelet Transform Scalogram–Based Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract During the supervisory activities of the brain, the electrical activities of nerve cell clusters produce oscillations. These complex biopotential oscillations are called electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Certain diseases, such as epilepsy, can be detected by measuring these signals. Epilepsy is a disease that manifests itself as seizures. These seizures manifest themselves in different characteristics. These different characteristics divide epilepsy seizure types into two main groups: generalized and partial epilepsy. This study aimed to classify different types of epilepsy from EEG signals. For this purpose, a scalogram-based, deep learning approach has been developed. The utilized classification process had the following main steps: the scalogram images were obtained by using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method. So, a one-dimension EEG time series was converted to a two-dimensional time-frequency data set in order to extract more features. Then, the increased dimension data set (CWT scalogram images) was applied to the convolutional neural network (CNN) as input patterns for classifying the images. The EEG signals were taken from Dicle University, Neurology Clinic of Medical School. This data consisted of four classes: healthy brain waves, generalized preseizure, generalized seizure, and partial epilepsy brain waves. With the proposed method, the average accuracy performance of three of the EEG records’ classes (healthy, generalized preseizure, and generalized seizure), and that of all four classes of EEG records were 90.16 % (± 0.20) and 84.66 % (± 0.48). According to these results, regarding the specific accuracy ratings of the recordings, the healthy EEG records scored 91.29 %, generalized epileptic seizure records were at 96.50 %, partial seizure EEG records scored 89.63 %, and the preseizure EEG records had a 90.44 % rating. The results of the proposed method were compared to the results of both similar studies and conventional methods. As a result, the performance of the proposed method was found to be acceptable.

Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey

Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat’s conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.

Long term results of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking in pediatric keratoconus

To evaluate the long term visual, refractive, and corneal tomographic outcomes of epithelium-off accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (ACXL) in the management of pediatric keratoconus (KC). This retrospective study included patients under 18 years old with progressive KC who underwent ACXL between 2012 and 2019 at Dicle University Hospital. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, and corneal tomography. Evaluations were performed preoperatively and at 6 months intervals postoperatively. Forty-nine eyes of 49 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients at the time of ACXL was 14.2 ± 1.8 (range: 9.5-17.3) years. Mean follow up was 4.61 ± 1.90 (range: 2.0-8.1) years. The mean LogMAR UDVA improved from 0.94 ± 0.41 to 0.81 ± 0.43, 0.69 ± 0.41, and 0.67 ± 0.33 after 1, 3, and 5 years respectively (p = 0.001). The mean LogMAR CDVA improved from 0.58 ± 0.36 to 0.46 ± 0.31, 0.34 ± 0.23, and 0.39 ± 0.27 after 1, 3, and 5 years respectively (p = 0.015). The mean refractive cylinder improved significantly from 6.01 ± 2.07 diopters (D) to 5.46 ± 1.87, 5.38 ± 2.18, and 5.02 ± 2.31 D after 1, 3, and 5 years respectively (p = 0.005). As compared to preoperative values, steep keratometry and maximum keratometry were not significantly different (p = 0.805 and 0.448, respectively) following ACXL, while flat keratometry significantly improved after ACXL (p = 0.012). Although central corneal thicknesses decreased significantly (p = 0.029), the decrease in thinnest corneal thickness was not statistically significant (p = 0.205). Epithelium-off ACXL seems to be effective for halting KC progression with long term clinical benefits in pediatric patients.

Evaluating the frequency of patients' application to dentistry departments during the COVID-19 pandemic period and examining the reasons for application to the department of endodontics

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the number of patients in terms of departments of dentistry, who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry during the period of COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine their causes of application to the endodontics clinic. Material and Methods: Between the dates of 11 March 2020, the day COVID-19 was identified for the first time in Turkey, and 31 July 2020, the first clinic that the patients applied following the Department of oral diagnosis and radiology was taken as a basis. Additionally, patients applying to the department of endodontics were assessed clinically and radiologically, and their causes of visit were examined. Result: Applied departments are determined respectively as follows: endodontics (37,62%), oral and maxillofacial surgery (25,32%), pediatric dentistry (12,52%), periodontology (8,11%), orthodontics (7,02%), prosthodontics (5,3%), and restorative dentistry (4,04%). The reasons for applying to Endodontics are found respectively as follows: irreversible pulpitis (44,02%), pulpal necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis (22,33%), acute apical abscess (18,01%), symptomatic apical periodontitis or acute apical abscess in endodontically treated teeth (7,83%), chronic apical periodontitis (4,12%), chronic apical abscess (2,92%), and traumatic dental injures (0,72%) Conclusion: Most of the patients, who applied to Faculty of Dentistry at Dicle University, were directed to department of endodontics. The cause of application to endodontics is identified mainly as irreversible pulpitis.