Dibenzylethylenediamine Research Articles

Two new dinuclear copper(II) complexes as efficient catalysts of luminol chemiluminescence

Abstract The present study, introduces the beneficial catalyze effects of dinuclear copper(II) complexes on the luminol chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. Two new dinuclear copper(II) complexes ([Cu 2 (L) 2 (TAE)]X 2 and [Cu 2 (L′) 2 (TAE)]X 2 ), where TAE = tetraacetylethane; L = N,N′-dibenzyl ethylenediamine and L′ = N,N-dimethyl-N′-benzylethylenediamine; X = ClO 4 , have exhibited highly efficient catalytic activity of luminol CL as an artificial peroxidase model at pH as low as 7.5 in water in the presence of H 2 O 2 and dissolved O 2 even in the absence of H 2 O 2 at elevated pH (∼12). The effects of the reactant concentrations and some amino acids on luminol CL were also investigated. Among them, l -cysteine (CySH) containing -SH group was observed to inhibit the CL signal of the luminol-H 2 O 2 -dinuclear copper(II) complex. A similar phenomenon also was observed for glutathione (GSH), which made CL probe of peroxidase-like dinuclear copper(II) complexes applicable for the determination of such compounds in biological media.

Immobilization of β-galactosidase on modified polypropilene membranes

A new immobilized system: β-galactosidase-modified polypropylene membrane was created. It was obtained 13 different carriers by chemical modification of polypropylene membranes by two stages. The first stage is treatment with K2Cr2O7 to receive carboxylic groups on membrane surface. The second stage is treatment with different modified agents ethylendiamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine dihydrochloride, hydroxylamine, o-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-dibenzyl ethylenediamine diacetate to receive amino groups. The quantity of the amino groups, carboxylic groups and the degree of hydrophilicity of unmodified and modified polypropilene membranes were determined. β-Galactosidase was chemically immobilized on the obtained carries by glutaraldehyde. The highest relative activity of immobilized enzyme was recorded at membrane modified with 10% hexamethylenediamine (Membrane 5) – 92.77%. The properties of immobilized β-galactosidase on different modified membranes – pH optimum, temperature optimum, pH stability and thermal stability were investigated and compared with those of free enzyme. The storage stability of all immobilized systems was studied. It was found that the most stable system is immobilized enzyme on Membrane 5. The system has kept 90% of its initial activity at 300th day (pH=6.8; 4°C). The stability of the free and immobilized β-galactosidase on the modified membrane 5 with 10% HMDA in aqueous solutions of alcohols – mono-, diol and triol was studied. The kinetics of enzymatic reaction of free and immobilized β-galactosidase on the modified membrane 5 at 20°C and 40°C and at the optimal pH for both forms of the enzyme were investigated. It was concluded that the modified agent – hexamethylenediamine, with long aliphatic chain ensures the best immobilized β-galactosidase system.

Kinetics and mechanism of the epoxide–amine polyaddition

The mechanism and kinetics of the epoxide–amine polyaddition reaction have been studied by isothermal and scanning DSC measurements. The initial concentrations of the reactants (epoxides: bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), amines: N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED) and aniline) in our model systems have been strongly varied. The suggested kinetic model describes the reaction behavior of mixtures with any initial epoxide/amine ratios over the whole range of cure by a single parameter set. To find the optimum kinetic parameters, we have solved the set of differential equations numerically by the technique of multivariate non-linear regression (Mult-NLR). Excellent agreement was obtained between calculated and experimental curves.

Zur Stereochemie von N,N′‐Bis‐[3‐(o‐ethoxyphenoxy)‐2‐hydroxy‐propyl]‐ethylendiamin

Stereochemistry of N,N′‐Bis‐[3‐(o‐ethoxyphenoxy)‐2‐hydroxy‐propyl]‐ethylendiamineN,N′‐Bis‐[3‐(o‐ethoxyphenoxy)‐2‐hydroxy‐propyl]‐ethylene diamine (5), synthesized from racemic 1,2‐anhydro‐3‐O‐(o‐ethoxyphenyl)‐glycerol (1) and ethylene diamine (2) or N,N′‐dibenzyl ethylene diamine (3) crystallized in two fractions with different melting points. Both of these analytically pure products gave identical two spot tl‐chromatograms on achiral phases. Attempts were made to resolve the mixtures which proved to consist of configurative but not constitutive isomers. Optically pure products were synthesized from chiral precursors.

Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. X. Effect of tripelennamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine on the utilization of calcium in acetylcholine-induced contraction of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig.

Effects of tripelennamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED) and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine (DBPD) on the isotonic contractions of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig were examined. Tripelennamine and DBED potentiated the contractile responses to acetylcholine and potassium chloride in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution. DBPD potentiated the contractile responses to lower concentrations of acetylcholine in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution, but did not affect contractions induced by potassium and higher concentrations of acetylcholine in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution. In depolarized vas deferens, tripelennamine and DBED augmented the maximum response to Ca2+, while DBPD did not affect the maximum response to Ca2+ and decrease the sensitivity to Ca2+. The contractile responses to acetylcholine in standard Tyrode solution were attenuated by lanthanum chloride and the residual contractions were not affected by tripelennamine, DBED and DBPD or decreased by DBPD. The contractile responses to potassium chloride were completely abolished by lanthanum chloride. The half-time of decrease in acetylcholine-contraction in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution was significantly different from that of potassium-contraction in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution. The contractile response of the glycerinated muscle piece of vas deferens to calcium chloride was potentiated by DBED, but was not affected by tripelennamine and DBPD. These results suggest that tripelennamine and DBED facilitate nonselectively the transmembrane influx of calcium from extracellular fluid and superficial calcium-binding sites. In addition, DBED increases the sensitivity of contractile element to cytoplasmic free calcium ion. DBPD potentiates the contractile response without affecting the transmembrane mobilization of Ca2+ induced by excitation of cell membrane.

Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. XII. Inhibitory effect of reserpine on tripelennamine-, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine- and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine-induced supersensitivity of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig to acetylcholine.

Effects of tripelennamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED) and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine (DBPD) on the isotonic contractions of isolated vas deferens of intact and reserpinized guinea pigs to acetylcholine were examined. Increase in sensitivity to acetylcholine induced by tripelennamine, DBED and DBPD was attenuated remarkably by reserpine. Tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increases in Ca2+-contractions were not affected by reserpine. Acetylcholine-contractions in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution were inhibited by reserpine, but K+-contractions in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution were not affected by reserpine. Tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increases in acetylcholine- and K+-contractions in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution were attenuated or abolished by reserpine. DBPD decreased cholinesterase activity of vas deferens of guinea pig, but DBED did not. These results suggest that, although the Ca2+-storage site utilized for acetylcholine-contraction is different from that for K+-contraction, tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increase in Ca2+-release from superficial Ca2+-binding sites induced by acetylcholine and K+ is inhibited by reserpine. It is also estimated that DBPD-induced supersensitivity to acetylcholine might be due to the inhibition of cholinesterase activity. However, the mechanism of inhibition of DBPD-induced supersensitivity by reserpine remained obscure.

Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. XI. Inhibitory effect of dibenamine on tripelennamine-N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine- and N,N-dibenzyl-N', N'-dimethyl-1, 2-propanediamine-induced supersensitivity of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig.

Effects of dibenamine on tripelennamine-, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED)- and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine (DBPD)-induced supersensitivity of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig were examined. Dibenamine attenuated the degree of tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increase in sensitivity to acetylcholine and potassium in standard Tyrode solution, but did not affect the degree of DBPD-induced increase in sensitivity to acetylcholine. Dibenamine diminished the degree of tripelennamine-induced increase, but did not affect the degree of DBED-induced increase, in maximum response to Ca2+ of partially depolarized vas deferens. Dibenamine diminished the degree of tripelennamine- and DBED-induced augmentation of potassium-contraction in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution, but did not affect that of acetylcholine-contraction. These results suggest that dibenamine prevent tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increase in Ca2+-influx (including extracellular Ca2+-superficial Ca2+ exchange) induced by acetylcholine and potassium. It is also suggested that DBPD potentiates acetylcholine-contraction by dibenamine-insensitive mechanisms.

Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. IX. Non-specific supersensitivity of vas deferens of guinea pig induced by tripelennamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine.

Effects of tripelennamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED) and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine (DBPD) on the isotonic contractions of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig were examined. These ethylenediamines, except DBPD, induced slight but significant increase in sensitivity of vas deferens to K+. Tripelennamine induced dose-dependent potentiation to epinephrine and norepinephrine, but tripelennamine-induced augmentation of acetylcholine-contractions was weak and dose-independent. DBED potentiated both catecholamines and acetylcholine in a dose-dependent way and in the same degree. The degree of DBPD-induced augmentation of epinephrine- and norepinephrine-induced contractions was dose-independent and much weaker than that of acetylcholine-contractions. Tripelennamine and DBED did not affect the contractile response to tyramine, while DBPD potentiated the contractile response to tyramine. These results suggest the following possibilities: 1) tripelennamine affects both amine uptake mechanism and beyond receptor mechanism of contractile processes and induced supersensitivity of various stimulants. 2) DBED affects mainly beyond receptor mechanism of contractile processes and augments the contractile responses to various stimulants. 3) The mechanism of DBPD-induced supersensitivity remained obscure, but the inhibition of the metabolic degradation of stimulants was proposed as one of the possible mechanism of supersensitization.

NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF N,N′-DIBENZYLETHYLENE DIAMINE

Abstract Complexes formed by N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBEn) and nickel(II) salts exemplify a wide range of magnetic behavior and stereochemistry. Ni(DBEn)2Cl2, Ni(DBEn)2SO4·H2O, [Ni(DBEn)2(H2O)2]Br2·H2O, and [Ni(DBEn)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 or (BF4)2 are tetragonally-distorted octahedral complexes with essentially temperature-independent magnetic moments (μe ≃ 3.1 B.M.); Ni(DBEn)2(NO3)2 contains cis-bidentate and ionic anions; and Ni(DBEn)Cl2 and Ni(DBEn)Br2 have polymeric six-coordinate structures in which weak ferromagnetic interaction occurs. Dehydration of the [Ni(DBEn)2(H2O)2]Br2·H2O gives an apparently five-coordinate compound [Ni(DBEn)2Br]Br; dehydration of the perchlorate gives a variety of products according to the conditions of preparation of the perchlorate and of its dehydration. The products identified are blue Ni(DBEn)2(ClO4)2, which has the spectral and magnetic properties of a tetragonally-distorted octahedral complex, yellow Ni(DBEn)2(ClO4)2 · H2O, which from its magnetic moment (μe ≃ 2.0 B....

Copper(II) complexes of N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine

The following complexes of N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBEn) of copper(II) have been prepared: CuDBEn 2Cl 2,H 2O; CuDBEn 2X 2 (X = Cl, Br, I, and NO 3); CuDBEn 2SO 4,2H 2O; CuDBEn 2(ClO 4) 2,H 2O and CuDBEnX 2 (X = Cl, Br). They have normal magnetic moments, almost invariant with temperature. From the low temperature reflectance spectra of the mono(amine) complexes, evidence for the three 2B 1g → 2A 1g; 2B 1g → 2B 2g; and 2B 1g → 2E g transitions expected for a tetragonally-distorted complex has been obtained. The coordination of anions in the tetragonal positions of the bis(amine) complexes is established from their reflectance, solution and infrared spectra, and molar conductances except for the perchlorate, which is considered to have a highly distorted, virtually planar structure. The compound CuDBEn 2Br 2 can also be obtained in a form which from its reflectance spectrum may be five-coordinate.

A study of acute respiratory disease in infancy

Summary One hundred infants under the age of 3 years and suffering from acute respiratory disease were divided into five equal groups. Each group was treated with one of the following therapeutic agents administered orally: 1. Sulfamethazine 0.1 Gm. per pound per day. 2. Sulfamethazine 0.1 Gm. per pound per day plus 30,000 I.V. dipenicillin G dibenzylethylene diamine per pound per day. 3. Chlortetracycline 10 mg. per pound per day. 4. Oxytetracycline 10 mg. per pound per day. 5. Tetracycline 10 mg. per pound per day. Comparison of failure rate, temperature response, and duration of hospitalization did not reveal any significant differences between the five groups. Minor toxic effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, and skin rashes were more frequently observed in groups 3, 4, and 5. Bacteriological studies suggested that sulfamethazine and sulfamethazine plus penicillin were more effective than broad-spectrum antibiotics against pneumococcal infections.

A Microbiological Assay of Penicillin in Animal Feeds

The universal acceptance of the animal growth-promoting properties of some antibiotics and their wide usage in formulated commercial feeds requires that simple, rapid and reliable analytical methods be available for control purposes. Of the several antibiotics used in poultry rations, penicillin exerts its growth-promoting properties at levels considerably lower than other antibiotics (2 grams penicillin per ton), and thus, the analytical problems are accentuated. For penicillincontaining feeds, two problems are presented (a) a method of preparing stable extract from feed samples and (b) a method of measuring quantitatively the small amount of penicillin in the extract. From the voluminous information available on the properties of penicillin, it is well known that the antibiotic is incompatible with many solvents. In this report, only two salts of penicillin are considered, procaine and dibenzyl ethylene diamine (DBED), since these are the only forms currently employed in commercial feeds.

A Microbiological Assay of Penicillin in Animal Feeds

The universal acceptance of the animal growth-promoting properties of some antibiotics and their wide usage in formulated commercial feeds requires that simple, rapid and reliable analytical methods be available for control purposes. Of the several antibiotics used in poultry rations, penicillin exerts its growth-promoting properties at levels considerably lower than other antibiotics (2 grams penicillin per ton), and thus, the analytical problems are accentuated. For penicillincontaining feeds, two problems are presented (a) a method of preparing stable extract from feed samples and (b) a method of measuring quantitatively the small amount of penicillin in the extract. From the voluminous information available on the properties of penicillin, it is well known that the antibiotic is incompatible with many solvents. In this report, only two salts of penicillin are considered, procaine and dibenzyl ethylene diamine (DBED), since these are the only forms currently employed in commercial feeds.