Variation Of Diameter Research Articles

Morphology and luminescent properties of gold catalysed CdS 1D structures: The influence of temperature and atmosphere

In this work, CdS nanowires (NWs) were prepared by the catalytic method using Au nanoparticles onto GaAs and CdS substrates. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM) allowed observing different morphologies in the obtained products: variable diameter, pointed and ultra-long several microns length NWs. Also, a nanotube like hollow structure was identified when CdS/ITO/glass substrates were used, and its possible mechanism of formation is presented. The origins of the obtained morphologies was explained as depending on the type of vapor specie, the growth temperature and the used substrate. The photoluminescence (PL) of the NWs can be observed with the naked eye even at RT. PL spectra as a function of temperature were analysed and related with the morphology features.

Model-driven Approach to Improve Sago Drying with a Fluidized Bed Dryer

This study presents a model-driven approach to enhance the efficiency of sago drying utilizing a two-dimensional fluidized bed dryer (FBD). ANSYS® DesignModelerTM 2020 R2 software was employed to simulate the drying profile, considering variations in sago bagasse particle diameter (ranging from 500 to 2000 µm), hot air temperature (ranging from 50 to 90 °C), and inlet air velocity (ranging from 1.5 to 2.1 m/s). The simulation results provided valuable insights into the interplay between these critical drying parameters. The model enabled the prediction of moisture content profiles during the sago drying process under different conditions, thereby facilitating comprehension of the system’s behavior. Using Design Expert® 7.00 (DX7), considering energy efficiency and product quality, an optimal set of conditions for sago drying was determined at 2000 µm, 90 °C and 2.1 m/s. This approach not only streamlined the drying process but also significantly reduced energy consumption while ensuring consistent and high-quality sago. The findings of this research offer a practical and sustainable solution for sago producers, which, when applied, can contribute to improved product quality, reduced production costs, and enhanced food security in the region. Furthermore, the model-driven approach and the integration of specialized software tools demonstrate the potential for broader applications in optimizing various drying processes in the food industry.

Relationship between weld rip diameter and fatigue fracture mode for friction stir spot welded tension‐peel joints

AbstractIn this study, the effects of variations in the weld rip diameter on fatigue properties were investigated based on the fatigue fracture mechanism using tensile peeling‐type friction stir spot welding (FSSW) joints. The results of the fatigue test showed that the high and low applied force ranges exhibited base metal fracture and weld area fracture, respectively, and the difference in the weld rip diameter hardly affected the fatigue life. In contrast, in the middle‐applied force range, the fracture morphology changes as the weld rip diameter decreases, and it is apparent that joints exhibiting weld area fracture decrease the fatigue life. The fatigue fracture morphology of the tensile peeling‐type FSSW joints can be described by a competing risk model between the weld rip diameter. Increasing the heat input during joining, thereby increasing the crack propagation resistance at the pressure fusion interface, can suppress weld area fracture.

Moringa oleifera extract affects the diameter of the Graafian follicles in female Mus musculus

HIGHLIGHTS This study unveils a dose-dependent relationship between Moringa leaf extract and increased Graafian follicle size in female mice. The significant positive effect of Moringa leaf extract on Graafian follicles suggests promising implications for fertility interventions, offering hope for individuals seeking natural treatment to address infertility challenges. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lam.) on the diameter of Graafian follicles in female mice (Mus musculus). Materials and Methods: This study used experimental design, employing a cohort of 24 female mice of 20-25 grams in weight, aged between 2-3 months, and in good health. These subjects were divided into three treatment groups and subjected to oral doses of Moringa leaf extract at 300 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW over a 14-day period. The study procedures involved the preparation of the experimental animals, preparation of Moringa leaf extract, treatments administration, and the preparation of histological specimens. Subsequently, the diameters of Graafian follicles within each treatment group were measured. Data analysis were performed using the ANOVA test (p <0.05) followed with the Least Significance Difference (LSD) test utilizing the IBM SPSS software. Results: There were variations in Graafian follicle diameters across the experimental groups. The average diameters were 180.944 µm in the control group, 239.942 µm in treatment group 1, 315.006 µm in treatment group 2, and 396.650 µm in treatment group 3. This indicated that dose administration starting from 300 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg had an effect on the size of the follicle and antrum diameter. The number of granulosa cells was found to increase, as well as the size of the ovum. Conclusion: Moringa leaf extract in different doses has a significant positive effect on increasing the diameter of the Graafian follicles in female mice.

Comparative evaluation on wear resistance of metal sleeve, sleeve-free resin, and reinforced sleeve-free resin implant guide: An in vitro study.

In-office three-dimensional (3D) printers and metal sleeveless surgical guides are becoming a major trend recently. However, metal sleeve-free designs are reported to be more prone to distortion which might lead to variation in the inner diameter of the drill hole and cause deviation and inaccuracy in the placement of the implant. Carbon fiber nanoparticles are reported to improve the properties of 3D printing resin material in industrial application. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the wear resistance of 3D-printed implant guides with metal sleeve, sleeve-free, and reinforced sleeve-free resin to the guide drill. A total of 66 samples with 22 samples in each group. Three groups including 3D-printed surgical guide with metal sleeve (Group A), without metal sleeve (Group B), an carbon fiber reinforced without metal sleeve (Group C) were included in the study. All samples were evaluated before sequential drilling and after sequential drilling using Vision Measuring Machine. The data were tabulated and statistically evaluated. The data obtained were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and posthoc test. The data obtained for wear observed in the samples showed that the wear was highest in Group B with a mean of 0.5036 ± 0.1118 and the least was observed in Group A with a mean of 0.0228 ± 0.0154 and Group C was almost similar to Group A with mean of 0.0710 ± 0.0381. The results showed there was a significant difference between Group B with Group A and C, respectively (P < 0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference regarding the wear observed between Groups A and C (P > 0.05). The wear observed in the guide with a metal sleeve and carbon fiber reinforced without a metal sleeve was almost similar. The carbon fiber-reinforced guide showed better tolerance to guide drill equivalent to metal sleeve. Thus, carbon fiber nanoparticles reinforced in 3D printing resin have shown improved strength and can be used as a good replacement for a metal sleeve for an accurate placement of the implant.

Determination of the diameter variation peculiarities along the path of distribution drainage pipe-line

This article presents a methodology for calculating the hydraulic characteristics and structural parameters of variable (decreasing) cross-sectional distribution pressure drainage pipelines. The approach is based on analyzing a system of differential equations describing fluid flow with a variable flow rate in the investigated pipes. The study explores the most general case of distributor operation, considering a horizontal groundwater level above the pipeline. The analysis of the original equations includes a scenario where a constant average fluid flow rate is maintained along the length of the pressure channel. The velocity magnitude is influenced by the granulometric features of the surrounding soil and the filtration characteristics of the pipeline's side walls material. The investigation employs the concept of a conditional distribution infinitely long pipeline or a pipeline with limited length and infinite permeability of the side walls surface. This allows assuming a pressure close to zero at the pipeline's final cross-section, which minimally impacts the obtained results. The analysis is presented in a dimensionless form, and the resulting computational formulas are both simple and convenient. The article includes corresponding graphs to illustrate the presented dependencies.

Spiral Structured Cellulose Acetate Membrane Fabricated by One-Step Electrospinning Technique with High Water Permeation Flux

A functionally graded membrane (FGM) with a special spiral-structured cellulose acetate (CA) membrane was prepared by electrospinning under different collection distances. The membrane morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FESEM images revealed that the high concentration shows the formation of fibers with an irregular diameter, with a large diameter distribution range. The fiber collected at a short distance of 10 cm experiences the strong electrostatic force, resulting in the short flight time for the polymer jet. This causes the bending instability of the polymer jet forming the comparatively thick fiber diameters, whereas the fiber collected at 15 cm shows the presence of a smooth, homogeneous diameter. Furthermore, the water flux of the membrane was determined using 50 mL of Amicon stirred cells. The fiber collected at different distances showed diameter variation, which is used to design a special spiral structure on the membrane by auto-moving the collector between the fixed distances of 10–20 cm. This technique will reveal a new approach for the fabrication of a special spiral structure on the nanofibrous membrane for different biomedical applications from different polymers. Meanwhile, the fabricated FGM with a special spiral-structure CA membrane demonstrates high water permeation flux.

Percutaneous Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Closure: Failure Rate and Procedural Predictors

Background: Percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is one of therapeutic options for patients with a suitable ASD anatomy, however in developing countries, the exact figure and procedural characteristics remain unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the failure rate and procedural predictors of the percutaneous ASD closure.Materials and methods: A retrospective study using a database of all patients undergoing percutaneous ASD closure was conducted between March 2010 to November 2023. Patients who developed a pulmonary hypertensive crisis during the procedure were excluded. Procedural and echocardiographic parameter were measured and analyzed.Results: A total of 112 samples were included in this study, 74.1% were female and 55.36% were pediatric patients. The failure rate was 12.5% (n=14) with diameter index was higher in the failed group. Unpaired T-test revealed that ASD size was one of the predictor failure in pediatric patients (mean diameter: 24.7±6.46 mm vs. 16.36±5.94 mm, p=0.001). There were no statistically significant variations in rim diameters, while compared with all patients with appropriate rims (rim ≥7mm), the failure rate was higher in patients with two rims measuring between 5.9 and 6.9 mm and rims less than 5 mm. Two patients presented with device embolization and required surgical device removal.Conclusion: The failure rate of percutaneous ASD closure was 12.5%. A larger ASD increases the risk of failure of percutaneous closure in pediatric patients. Furthermore, patient with 5-6.9 mm on two or more rims as well as those with rim less than 5 mm, have a higher failure rate.Keywords: secundum atrial septal defect, percutaneous closure, failure rate

Period induced reflectance tuning in transparent gold metasurfaces

Gold (Au) nanodisk arrays are modeled and fabricated for tunable near infrared reflectance with high visible transmittance. Simulations are performed in the visible and near infrared regimes between 400 and 2000 nm with varying period of nanostructures. A progressive increase in period of up to three times the diameter of the nanodisks on polymer and quartz substrates is presented. As a result, an increase in visible transmittance with a decrease in near infrared reflectance peak intensity is observed. Modeling results exhibit a high average visible transmittance of 91.5% (400–700 nm) and average reflectance of 62.9% (750–2000 nm) with diameter (D) variations from D=120 nm to D=500 nm with a period (P) equal to twice the diameter, P=2D for a polymer substrate. Electric field intensities exhibit an increase with a decrease in the period between individual nanostructures for constant unit cell dimensions. Alongside simulations, electron beam lithography and evaporation processes are utilized for the patterning and fabrication. Optical characterizations including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of selected metasurfaces on quartz are performed. For a specific period and diameter, the fabricated metasurfaces exhibit near infrared reflectance having a good agreement with the simulated results about plasmonic wavelengths. Such metasurfaces offer potential to be deployed for applications that require selective reflectance intensities in the near infrared range with high visible transmittance, such as controlled environment agriculture (CEA) or multi spectral near infrared sensing. With tunability over a broadband (750–2500 nm), this simple and fabrication-friendly model may be used as a theoretical guide in quantifying specific design parameters with varying light intensity configurations.

Vergence eye movements in virtual reality

There is increasing interest in incorporating eye tracking in virtual reality (VR) systems to infer gaze in 3 dimensions. Estimation of gaze in depth may be limited by errors of measurement of the small eye vergence angles involved. It may also be limited by true errors of vergence in VR. We found that observers commonly made errors of vergence when viewing in VR, such that the dominant eye was more accurately aligned than the non-dominant eye. Errors of vergence were often larger than Panum’s fusional range. The absence of reported diplopia suggests that some of the visual input from one eye was supressed or the double images escaped attention. Errors of vergence could not be explained by contamination by variations in pupil diameter. Errors of vergence were not reduced when the vergence-accommodation conflict was eliminated by optical correction. These results suggest that the ability to correctly infer gaze distance in VR may be limited by true errors of eye vergence, rather than by measurement errors imposed by limitations of eye tracking.

Pool boiling heat transfer of ammonia outside enhanced tubes with various fin structures

Pool boiling heat transfer of ammonia on a smooth tube and three enhanced tubes was investigated at the saturation pressure ranging from 6.15 to 11.7 bar, which corresponds to the saturation temperature from 10 to 30 °C. The test tube with a length of 796 mm was immersed in the liquid pool of ammonia inside a cylindrical chamber having an internal diameter of 254.4 mm, and convection or pool boiling heat transfer outside the test tube was generated by flowing hot water through the tube. Three enhanced tubes of a low-finned tube (Low-fin), a low-finned tube with oblique cuttings (Turbo-C), and a finned tube having re-entrant cavities (Turbo-E) were prepared to examine the pool boiling enhancement on various finned tubes. Boiling hysteresis on the smooth tube was observed between when the heat flux increases and when the heat flux decreases, which resulted in the deviation of the heat transfer coefficients from the previous correlations when the heat flux decreases. A suitable correlation was suggested to compensate for the deviation of the heat transfer coefficients in case of decreasing the heat flux by modifying the Stephan-Abdelsalam correlation. Three enhanced tubes exhibited considerable enhancement in the heat transfer coefficients compared with the smooth tube, and boiling performance on the Turbo-E tube having re-entrant cavities was highly affected by the variation of the bubble diameter according to the saturation pressure. Enhancement factors of the enhanced tubes were obtained from the ratio of thermal conductance on the enhanced tube to that on the smooth tube.

Effect of thermoplastic mask hole diameter on dose distribution in the build-up region of medical LINAC

This study aims to investigate the effect of variations in the hole diameter of unstretched thermoplastic masks offered by a single company on the dose distribution in the build-up region. 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 mm hole diameters masks with the same properties were irradiated with 6 MV X-rays and dose distribution was analyzed according to the open field. Dose measurements were obtained with a parallel plane ionization chamber. All irradiations were repeated for 5 × 5, 8 × 8, 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 cm2 beam fields. It was observed that the mask had a bolus effect in all measurements. It was observed that this bolus effect varied especially depending on the hole diameter in the mask. In a 10 × 10 cm2 field, the dmax depth without mask was 15 mm, while the dmax for masks with 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 mm hole diameters was 11, 12, 13 and 13 mm, respectively. It was observed that the mask hole diameter affected the dmax depth. Thermoplastic masks with large hole diameters increase the surface dose less than those with small hole diameters.

Tool path planning of ball-end milling of free-form surfaces as a search algorithm

This paper introduces an innovative approach for generating three-axis CNC tool paths for machining free-form surfaces. The method is designed to minimize variations in the effective tool diameter, addressing a common challenge encountered when using ball-end tools for machining free-form surfaces. These surfaces exhibit varying inclinations, leading to fluctuations in the tool’s working diameter from one point to another, resulting in inconsistent cutting speeds and milling parameters despite a constant spindle speed. Consequently, the machined surface tends to lack uniformity. In contrast to conventional tool path planning techniques, the proposed method calculates the working diameter at each adjacent point and guides the tool’s movement towards the point where the smallest change in working diameter is anticipated. This approach reduces fluctuations in cutting speed and promotes the generation of a more homogeneous surface.

A pilot observation using ultrasonography and vowel articulation to investigate the influence of suspected obstructive sleep apnea on upper airway

Failure to employ suitable measures before administering full anesthesia to patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who are undergoing surgery may lead to developing complications after surgery. Therefore, it is very important to screen OSA before performing a surgery, which is currently done by subjective questionnaires such as STOP-Bang, Berlin scores. These questionnaires have 10–36% specificity in detecting sleep apnea, along with no information given on anatomy of upper airway, which is important for intubation. To address these challenges, we performed a pilot study to understand the utility of ultrasonography and vowel articulation in screening OSA. Our objective was to investigate the influence of OSA risk factors in vowel articulation through ultrasonography and acoustic features analysis. To accomplish this, we recruited 18 individuals with no risk of OSA and 13 individuals with high risk of OSA and asked them to utter vowels, such as /a/ (as in “Sah”), /e/ (as in “See”). An expert ultra-sonographer measured the parasagittal anterior–posterior (PAP) and transverse diameter of the upper airway. From the recorded vowel sounds, we extracted 106 features, including power, pitch, formant, and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). We analyzed the variation of the PAP diameters and vowel features from "See: /i/" to "Sah /a/" between control and OSA groups by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. We found that, there was a variation of upper airway diameter from “See” to “Sah” was significantly smaller in OSA group than control group (OSA: ∆12.8 ± 5.3 mm vs. control: ∆22.5 ± 3.9 mm OSA, p < 0.01). Moreover, we found several vowel features showed the exact same or opposite trend as PAP diameter variation, which led us to build a machine learning model to estimate PAP diameter from vowel features. We found a correlation coefficient of 0.75 between the estimated and measured PAP diameter after applying four estimation models and combining their output with a random forest model, which showed the feasibility of using acoustic features of vowel sounds to monitor upper airway diameter. Overall, this study has proven the concept that ultrasonography and vowel sounds analysis may be useful as an easily accessible imaging tool of upper airway.

Influence of micro-texture radial depth variations on the tribological and vibration characteristics of rolling bearings under starved lubrication

Surface micro-texturing involves creating microscopic pits or textures, serving as lubricant reservoirs to enhance lubrication distribution, potentially reducing friction and wear. This study specifically delves into the influence of varied depth patterns of pits on the operational performance of textured rolling bearings under severe lubrication conditions. Five distinct patterns with a fixed pit diameter (250 µm) and different depth variations (concave, decreasing, increasing, convex, and horizontal) were introduced on the shaft rings of cylindrical roller thrust bearings using the laser marking method. Wear tests were conducted under starved lubrication condition. Wear loss and signal analysis highlight the profound effect of depth variations, whereby bearings with shallow pits near the outer side of their working surfaces exhibit longer lubrication times, improved tribological performance, and enhanced vibration characteristics. Notably, the convex pattern stands out for providing comprehensive and favorable tribological and vibration properties. This research contributes valuable insights for the optimal design of micro-textures for rolling bearings, paving the way for enhanced efficiency and reliability in mechanical systems.

Integration Analysis of Hair Follicle Transcriptome and Proteome Reveals the Mechanisms Regulating Wool Fiber Diameter in Angora Rabbits.

Fiber diameter is an important characteristic that determines the quality and economic value of rabbit wool. This study aimed to investigate the genetic determinants of wool fiber diameter through an integration analysis using transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from hair follicles of coarse and fine wool from Angora rabbits. Using a 4D label-free technique, we identified 423 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in hair follicles of coarse and fine wool in Angora rabbits. Eighteen DEPs were examined using parallel reaction monitoring, which verified the reliability of our proteomic data. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that a set of biological processes and signaling pathways related to wool growth and hair diameter were strongly enriched by DEPs with fold changes greater than two, such as keratinocyte differentiation, skin development, epidermal and epithelial cell differentiation, epidermis and epithelium development, keratinization, and estrogen signaling pathway. Association analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis further showed that the keratin (KRT) family members, including KRT77, KRT82, KRT72, KRT32, and KRT10, as well as CASP14 and CDSN, might be key factors contributing to differences in fiber diameter. Our results identified DEPs in hair follicles of coarse and fine wool and promoted understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying wool fiber diameter variation among Angora rabbits.

Analysis of Tangential Leakage Flow Characteristics in a Variable Diameter Dual Circular Arc Vortex Compressor

(1) To address issues such as a low compression ratio and severe leakage in uniform wall thickness vortex compressors, this paper adopts a new scroll compressor model with a variable diameter double arc combined profile, which has a larger pressure ratio and smaller leakage than the scroll compressor with equal wall thickness that can bring new ideas and methods to the research in the field of scroll compressors. (2) This paper determines the theoretical equation of the variable diameter dual circular arc vortex profile and the combined profile, and infers mathematical models for the leakage line length, working chamber volume, and gas leakage per unit rotation angle of the vortex compressor, followed by simulation. (3) The results show that compared to the uniform wall thickness involute profile, the variable diameter dual circular arc combined profile model reduces the leakage line length by 25%, increases the average total pressure at the working chamber outlet by 2.38%, and decreases the leakage amount by 3.2%, consistent with theoretical analysis. (4) The tangential leakage caused by the radial gap in the variable diameter dual circular arc combined profile model has a significant impact on the uneven distribution of temperature and velocity fields in the working chamber of the vortex compressor, but a smaller impact on the pressure field.

Redefining Radiation Metrics: Evaluating Actual Doses in Computed Tomography Scans.

Computed tomography (CT) contributes significantly to the collective dose from medical sources, raising concerns about potential health risks. However, existing radiation dose estimation tools, such as volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), effective dose (ED), and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE), have limitations in accurately reflecting patient exposure. This study introduces a new parameter, size-specific dose-length product (DLPss), aiming to enhance the precision of radiation dose estimation in real-life scenarios. A retrospective analysis of 134 chest CT studies was conducted. Relationships between CTDIvol and anthropometric parameters were examined, and SSDE was calculated based on effective diameter. Additionally, the novel parameter, DLPss, was introduced, considering scan length and cross-sectional dimensions. Analysis reveals variations in scan length, effective diameter, and CTDIvol between genders. Strong correlations were observed between CTDIvol and effective diameter, particularly in men. The average CTDIvol for the entire group was 7.83 ± 2.92 mGy, with statistically significant differences between women (7.38 ± 3.23 mGy) and men (8.30 ± 2.49 mGy). SSDE values showed significant gender differences, with men exhibiting higher values. The average SSDE values for women and men were 9.15 ± 2.5 mGy and 9.6 ± 2.09 mGy, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.03). The newly introduced DLPss values ranged around 343.90 ± 81.66 mGy·cm for the entire group, with statistically significant differences between women (323.53 ± 78.69 mGy·cm) and men (364.89 ± 79.87 mGy·cm) (p < 0.05), providing a comprehensive assessment of total radiation dose. The study highlights the need for accurate radiation dose estimation, emphasizing the impact of CT examination parameters on dose variability. The proposed DLPss parameter offers a promising approach to enhancing precision in assessing radiation risk during CT scans. Further research is warranted to explore additional parameters for a comprehensive understanding of radiation exposure and to optimize imaging protocols for patient safety.

Influence of Variation in Tie Reinforcement Diameter on the Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Columns

Reinforced concrete columns are crucial structural elements in ensuring the strength and stability of buildings. Column ductility, which is the ability to absorb energy and undergo deformation before failure, is a primary concern in structural engineering, especially in extreme external loading situations such as earthquakes. This study aims to evaluate the influence of variation in Tie reinforcement diameter on the ductility of reinforced concrete columns using Xtract software. The research method involves creating column structure models with specified dimensions and specifications, followed by the gradual application of axial loads to each model. Three models were created with varying Tie reinforcement diameters, namely 10 mm, 12 mm, and 14 mm. Structural analysis was conducted to examine the structure's response to the applied axial and moment loads, including evaluation of stresses, deformations, and column capacities. The analysis results show differences in ductility levels among the models. The model with a 10 mm Tie reinforcement diameter achieves higher ductility levels at low axial loads but fails to meet the requirements at higher axial loads according to the SNI 1726:2019 standard. However, models with Tie reinforcement diameters of 12 mm and 14 mm also exhibit a similar pattern, with good ductility at low axial loads but failing to meet the requirements at higher axial loads. In conclusion, variations in Tie reinforcement diameter affect the ductility of reinforced concrete columns. To ensure full ductility under various axial load conditions, adjustments to the design or specifications of the reinforced concrete column structure are necessary. This research contributes to understanding the factors influencing the ductility of reinforced concrete columns and can serve as a basis for the development of more effective design methods in the future.

Experimental and FE analysis of the behavior of steel column base connections under tension and bending moment

Most design procedures represent the steel base connection by assuming either a perfectly hinged or a fully rigid connection. However, these kinds of connections are, in fact, semi-rigid or flexible and their actual behavior is complicated. Most of the previous studies investigated these base connections experimentally under moments and axial compression only, which is completely different in the case of axial tension and moment. Therefore, experimental and numerical investigations with variable base plate thicknesses and diameters and arrangements of the anchor bolts were carried out to verify the behavior of this kind of base connection under axial tension and moment. Full-scale steel columns with hinged base plate connections were tested under the effect of two simultaneous actions, axial tension force and bending moment. Moreover, Finite Element (FE) models were developed and verified against the experimental results to conduct a parametric study. The investigated parameters were the base plate thickness and anchor bolt diameter and arrangement. The base plate connections under the effect of axial tension with moment instead of axial compression caused reductions in the rotational stiffness up to 99%. In addition, using only two bolts in this type of connection concentrated stresses on the base plate that led to big deformations. The small base plate thickness deformed easily under the effect of tension force which induced big initial gaps between the steel base plate and the Base beam and subsequently decreased the moment resistance and rotational stiffness of the base plate connection. The big elongation of the anchor bolts with small diameters increased the gap between the steel plate and the Base beam.