Diameter Of Nanofibers Research Articles

Selective Enhancement of Viewing Angle Characteristics and Light Extraction Efficiency of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes through an Easily Tailorable Si3N4 Nanofiber Structure.

We selectively improved the viewing angle characteristics and light extraction efficiency of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by tailoring a nanofiber-shaped Si3N4 layer, which was used as an internal scattering layer. The diameter of the polymer nanofibers changed according to the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the polymer solution for electrospinning. The Si3N4 nanofiber (SNF) structure was fabricated by etching an Si3N4 film using the PAN/PMMA nanofiber as a mask, making it easier to adjust parameters, such as the diameter, open ratio, and height, even though the SNF structure was randomly shaped. The SNF structures exhibited lower transmittance and higher haze with increasing diameter, showing little correlation with their height. However, all the structures demonstrated a total transmittance of over 80%. Finally, by applying the SNF structures to the blue TADF OLEDs, the external quantum efficiency was increased by 15.6%. In addition, the current and power efficiencies were enhanced by 23.0% and 25.6%, respectively. The internal light-extracting SNF structure also exhibited a synergistic effect with the external light-extracting structure. Furthermore, when the viewing angle changed from 0° to 60°, the peak wavelength and CIE coordinate shift decreased from 20 to 6 nm and from 0.0561 to 0.0243, respectively. These trends were explained by the application of Snell's law to the light path and were ultimately validated through finite-difference time-domain simulations.

Enhancing wearable humidity sensing with conductive PANi-Coated polyurethane nanofibers

This study presents a flexible nanofibrous humidity sensor for wearable applications and smart textiles. The methodology involved fabricating polyurethane (PU) nanofibers via electrospinning, followed by polyaniline (PANi) coating under varied synthesis conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed consistent diameter uniformity in the prepared PU nanofibers. Moreover, an increase in average nanofiber diameter (305 to 539 nm) was observed with rising polymer solution concentration (7% to 9%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the physical presence of PANi on PU nanofiber surfaces without inducing structural changes. Additionally, the strength of PU nanofibrous samples, with or without PANi coating, increased proportionally with higher PANi and PU polymer concentrations. Electrical conductivity was measured using a four-point device, and surface resistance was assessed across varying humidity levels to study humidity’s impact on samples. Results exhibited a linear relationship between surface electrical resistance and relative humidity changes. Furthermore, the PU and PU/PANi nanofibers exhibit contact angles of 113° and 133°, respectively. The PANi-coated sample is more hydrophobic compared to the uncoated sample. In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential of the developed sensor as a responsive tool for monitoring humidity fluctuations in diverse applications.

Properties and environmental sustainability of fungal chitin nanofibril reinforced cellulose acetate films and nanofiber mats by solution blow spinning

Materials from biological origin composed by renewable carbon facilitate the transition from linear carbon-intensive economy to a sustainable circular economy. Accordingly, we use solution blow spinning to develop fully biobased cellulose acetate films and nanofiber mats reinforced with fungal chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs), an emerging bio-colloid with lower carbon footprint compared to crustacean-derived nanochitin. This study incorporates fungal ChNFs into spinning processes for the first time. ChNF addition reduces film surface roughness, modifies film water affinity, and tailors the nanofiber diameter of the mats. The covalently bonded β-D-glucans of ChNFs act as a binder to improve the interfacial properties and consequently load transference to enhance the mechanical properties. Accordingly, the Young's modulus of the films increases from 200 ± 18 MPa to 359 ± 99 MPa with 1.5 wt% ChNFs, while the elongation at break increases by ~45 %. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied to quantify the environmental impacts of solution blow spinning for the first time, providing global warming potential values of 69.7–347.4 kg·CO2-equiv.·kg−1. Additionally, this work highlights the suitability of ChNFs as reinforcing fillers during spinning and proves the reinforcing effect of mushroom-derived chitin in bio-based films, opening alternatives for sustainable materials development beyond nanocelluloses in the near future.

Fabrication of sustainable, antioxidant, and antibacterial PVA nanomembranes loaded with plant extracts for dermal applications

Nanotechnology is unfolding its enormous abilities due to its unique attributes, such as large surface area, increased entrapment sites, and high surface energy. Similarly, nanotechnology-based products are replacing conventional ones due to their superior effectiveness. We have developed a dry, biocompatible, anti-oxidative, and antibacterial electrospun nanomembranes loaded with Cucumber (C. Sativus) and Aloe vera (A.B Miller) extract into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that can be utilized as dermal/skin patch. Various physiochemical characterizations are performed, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), drug release, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity on the developed membranes to ensure their productivity. Optimal nanofiber diameters were determined to be 396 nm and 371 nm at 8% wt./wt. and 100% extract concentration. The average particle size of extracts was 155 & 177 nm, as determined by the Zeta sizer. The hydrophilicity of all developed nanomembranes is confirmed by having a water contact angle (WCA) of <60° and water absorption exceeding 550%. In addition, the nanomembranes exhibit burst drug release of > 72%, excellent biocompatibility, up to 92.8% cell viability, 86% anti-oxidative activity, and 99.8% effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. Lastly, nanomembranes can withstand a tensile strength of 53.88 N, an elongation of 1.72%, and an air permeability of 16.98 mm/sec, making them an ideal choice for multipurpose cosmetic/skin patches.

Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing the Diameter of Electrospun Polyamide-6,6 Nanofiber Mat

Electrospinning is a well-established technique for creating submicron polymer fibers to create distinctive functional nanostructures. Electrospinning parameters including solution concentration, tip-to-collector distance and applied voltage are adjusted to produce nonwovens with variable fiber diameter distributions. This research on the response surface methodology (RSM) is being used to model the diameter of a polyamide-6,6 (PA-6,6) nanofiber mat. The experiments were designed using central composite design (CCD) and RSM, which evaluated the interactions between the operating variables (polymer concentration, applied positive voltage, needle tip to collector distance and spinning angle) on the diameter of the PA-6,6 nanofiber. The average nanofiber diameter increased as the concentration of the PA-6,6 polymer solution increased. The model’s strong regression coefficient ([Formula: see text]) reveals that it did a desirable of predicting the diameter of PA-6,6 fibers. The experimental findings and predicted fiber diameters were in good agreement. The results demonstrate that the optimization of electrospinning process to produce the smallest nanofibers and narrowest diameter distribution ([Formula: see text]) combined effects of 10% polymer concentration, 21[Formula: see text]kV applied positive voltage, 18[Formula: see text]cm needle tip to collector distance and 60[Formula: see text] spinning angle are substantial interacting effects that have an impact on the surface response nanofibers. The results of the research and several mathematical models will offer useful guidelines for choosing parameter settings for electrospinning PA-6,6 to achieve the required fiber diameter. By saving time, effort and money more effectively, this research will expand the field of investigation for the quality of electrospun nanofibers.

Characterization of polyvinyl alcohol and vitex negundo blended bio nanofilm for wound healing scaffold

Polyvinyl alcohol blended nanofilms have shown great promise as a material for wound healing applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial characteristics. This article has typically utilized electrospinning to create a scaffold for wound healing meanwhile investigating the characteristics of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and vitex negundo (VN) blend nanofilm. The PVA concentrations were kept at 10% Weight/Volume (W/V), which was then mixed with VN solution at various volumetric ratios and electrospun into nanofilms. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to determine and analyze the nanofiber diameter. The plant extract concentration and the viscosity of the electrospinning solution influenced the fiber diameter to grow from 120.32 nanometers (nm) to 171.11 nanometers (nm). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verifies the interaction between plant extract and PVA and records a new peak between 1731 and 1750 cm−1, which represents the production of the ester group. The swellability of the developed sample was studied which is negligibly reduced when the plant extract was added. In comparison to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the pure plant extract and composite nanofibrous web demonstrated greater antibacterial activity. PVA-blended nanofilms can promote cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, hence promoting wound healing by creating a moist environment.

Mapping the Influence of Solvent Composition over the Characteristics of Polylactic Acid Nanofibers Fabricated by Electrospinning

AbstractThis study investigated the solubility of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in various solvents (to achieve an 8 % (w/v) polymer solution) and its impact on the morphology of electrospun PLA nanofibers. Several solvents, such as dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CHL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone (AC), acetonitrile (ACTNR), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), ethylene glycol (ETGLY), distilled water (WATER), methanol (MEOH), formic acid (FA), and n‐hexane (NHX) were used in their pure and binary forms at several ratios (4 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3, and 1 : 4). The study aims to explore the correlation between PLA solubility and its electrospinnability using solvents mapped from the Teas graph across different parameter zones and chemical groups. Hansen solubility parameters, including dispersion cohesion fractional solubility parameter (fd), the polar cohesion fractional solubility parameter (fp) was employed to identify the most effective solvents for PLA dissolution. Teas graph analysis highlighted a correlation between PLA solubility and solvent proximity to Hansen solubility parameters. Additionally, the solubility time varied between 1 hour and 24 hours. Polar solvents such as DCM, CHL, THF, ACTNR, and FA were able to dissolve 8 % (w/v) of PLA at different times, but only very high and effective dissolution of PLA was achieved in pure DCM and CHL whereas FA dissolved PLA in 24 hours, which resulted in the slowest solubility rate. Several structures of nanofibers, such as smooth, heterogenous, porous, fibrous, and beaded, were observed and discussed accordingly in terms of solvent type and ratio. The average nanofiber diameter ranged between 0.18 μm and 3.81 μm. Moreover, physical tests, including surface tension, density, viscosity, and conductivity, were conducted on solvent systems and CHL displayed higher viscosity, while ACTNR had the lowest viscosity and highest conductivity among pure solvents. According to the results of our study, it is possible to design further studies with the aim of deciding which solvents or binary forms should be applied to dissolve PLA within a certain time. The desired structure can be easily arranged to be used as a filter, biomimicking tissue environment, drug delivery system, or extra.

Controlling electrospun nanofibers surface morphology using relative humidity for enhancing triboelectric nanogenerator performance

We employ an electrospinning technique to precisely modulate nanofibers diameter by varying humidity, impacting surface morphology, roughness and frictional contact-area of triboelectric materials. This leads to an augmentation of surface charge density, promoting generation of surface charges on triboelectric materials. MXene (MX) and cellulose acetate (CA) form an effective pairing, with optimized sample CA-40_MX-40 at 40 % RH displaying five-fold increase in voltage compared to CA-20_MX-20. This sample achieves a peak power density of 2351.1 mW/m2 at 106 Ω, capable of powering LEDs. These findings introduce a viable fabrication technique to manipulate surface roughness, promising significant avenue for sustainable high-performance TENGs.

Facile synthesis of co-axially electrospun Co-C nanofibers and their ferromagnetic behavior

We describe a simple co-axial electrospinning approach followed by a carbonisation process to create cobalt-carbon (Co-C) nanofibers that are then thoroughly analysed using various techniques. X-ray diffraction measurements showed the creation of pure crystalline cobalt with face-centered cubic (fcc) structure, and average crystallite size was determined using the Debye–Scherrer formula. The average crystallite size has been calculated to be in the range of 10 − 15 nm. According to the Raman investigation, all Co-C nanofibers have an amorphous carbon structure with little graphitic behaviour. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the shape and average diameter of electrospun nanofibers. The field-dependent magnetic characterisation demonstrated a satisfactory ferromagnetic behaviour with maximum saturation magnetisation values of 10, 10.2, and 11.2 emu/g for Co12.5-C sample at 300, 100, and 5 K, respectively. Compared to bulk cobalt, the produced Co-C nanofibers have a high coercivity value. With average crystallite size, the coercivity varies. Again, magnetisation versus temperature measurements have supported the existence of ferromagnetism because there is no evidence of blocking temperature or any transitional behaviour below 300 K. As a result, applications for microwave absorption, catalysis, and several magnetic recording devices can benefit from the coupling of ferromagnetic properties with carbon nanofiber materials.

Lactosporin loaded electrospun nanofibrous membrane: Novel antibacterial and wound dressing patch

IntroductionAny disruption in the cohesion of skin tissue is called a skin ulcer. If the skin lesion is a superficial lesion, it heals easily. But some wounds, such as diabetic wounds, bedsores, and burns, are difficult to heal and are often associated with infection. Therefore, one of the new methods used to treat such wounds is skin patch. MethodIn this study, partly purified lactosporin (LP), as novel postbiotic, was extracted from Bacillus coagulans, and its antibacterial properties against six bacterial species, namely Escherichia coli, Micrococcus Luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Klebsiella pneumonia were investigated. An electrospun nanofibrous membrane (NFM) containing LP was electrospun based on the three polymers including hyaluronic acid (HA), chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its potential for biomedical applications was analized. The morphological characteristics, hydrophilic properties, cytotoxicity, and wound healing potential of LP-loaded NFMs were investigated. ResultsIt was revealed that extracted LP includes supperior antibacterial properties, which is beneficial for developing wound dressing patches. The results showed fabricated composite NFMs are bead-free and uniform. The average diameter of uncross-linked and cross-linked nanofibers are 281 ± 10 nm and 359 ± 51 nm, respectively. These NFMs are hydrophilic in both cross-linked and uncross-linked forms and the contact angles of them were 39 and 13°, respectively. These NFMs were also tested for cytotoxicity by the MTT assay and were found to be non-toxic. ConclusionThese results indicate that HA/CS/PVA/LP NFM could act as an efficient antibacterial and multifunctional wound dressing patch.

Choose the suitable fuzzy membership function in prediction of diameter of nanofibers produced from electrospinning using fuzzy logic system as artificial intelligence technique

Fuzzy logic System is used to predict some parameters. In this system the crisp data were converted into fuzzy data using membership function. There are many members ship function used in fuzzy system to fuzzify data. In this search, nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning process and scanned by SEM. Nanofiber’s diameters were predicted as output of the system using all membership functions in fuzzy system by Matlab. The parameters of electrospinning process were constant except electrospinning room temperature. A comparison has been made among the predicted data using different membership functions. One membership function had been selected based on minimum error in prediction of data. It had been cleared that the best membership function was Gauss function.

Electrospun superhydrophobic polyvinyl chloride /polydimethylsiloxane-nanodiamond nanocomposite with enhanced antifouling and mechanical properties for fresh produce packaging

Food package films serve the important functions of preserving food quality, extending shelf life, and protecting against external contaminants while also providing a barrier to moisture and oxygen. In consideration of the increasing frequency of foodborne outbreaks, there is a growing demand for food packaging films with additional functionality to prevent cross-contamination and the attachment of pathogens, thereby enhancing bacterial safety. Herein, we report a one-step fabrication approach relying on electrospinning of a blend of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) together with nanodiamond (ND) on a rotating drum collector for the formation of bacterially antifouling food package films. In this approach, by adjusting the concentrations of PVC, PDMS, and ND and the drum angular velocity, the nanofiber diameter could be tuned in the range of 0.4 μm to 2.0 μm. Furthermore, these process parameters could also be used to modulate the water contact angle on the resultant films, with a minimum contact angle of 136.2 ± 5.6° and a maximum of 159.5 ± 3.8°. The lowest water contact angles were observed for films with bare PVC fibers while the highest contact angles were seen for films with nanocomposite fibers containing ND and PVC/PDMS. Compared with the films with bare PVC, nanocomposite films with ND-PVC/PDMS achieved up to 99.8 % and 99.6 % reduction in bacterial adhesion against S. typhimurium LT2 and Listeria innocua, respectively. The tensile strength of nanofibrous PVC film can be increased from 1.2 ± 0.4 MPa to 4.4 ± 0.3 MPa by the inclusion of PDMS (1:1 wt.%) and further increased to 8.9 ± 0.3 MPa with the additional inclusion of ND (PVC/PDMS/ND 1:1:0.1 wt.%). Considering the notable antifouling properties against bacteria and the improved mechanical characteristics, these nanocomposite films represent a noteworthy step in the development of sustainable and active food packaging solutions for a safer and healthier food supply chain.

Formulation and optimization of electrospun nanofiber films for ultrafast delivery of domperidone: In vitro and in-vivo characterization

Nanotechnology has significantly transformed drug delivery approaches by providing precise control of drug release kinetics and enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Electrospun nanofiber films have unique features, including a significant surface-to-volume ratio and substantial porosity, resulting in enhanced patient adherence. The study was aimed at developing electrospun nanofiber films of domperidone for ultrafast release using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method and optimized using 32 factorial design. Electrospinning process parameters like feed rate, applied electric voltage, and tip-to-collector distance were optimized. The prepared nanofiber film was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR), X ray diffraction (XRD), in-vitro diffusion, and permeation studies. The resultant domperidone-loaded nanofibers (diameters 280–565 nm) exhibited a uniform and highly porous structure. With an increase in applied voltage from 11 to 13 kV, entrapment efficiency increased, and fiber diameter decreased. DSC and XRD results confirmed the amorphous nature of the domperidone. The FTIR study confirmed the compatibility between domperidone and PVA. The wetting and disintegration times of nanofibers were 8 and 4 s, respectively. Due to their nanosize, small particles with an increased surface area resulted in improved drug delivery through nanofibers (93.36% release within 10 min). The nanofiber film had a higher Cmax (398.8 ng/mL) and AUC (2078.593 ± 17.71 ng/mL.h) than the commercial tablet formulation (186.6 ng/mL and 1875.619 ± 10.38). Thus, domperidone nanofibers would be a promising approach for enhancing therapeutic and biopharmaceutical properties by providing ultra-fast delivery.

Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Polycaprolactone-Graphene Oxide Composite Coating

In this research, Polycaprolactone-graphene oxide Nanocomposite coating was synthesized and characterized by Electrospinning on Ti6AL4V alloy. In order to create a uniform coating with optimal thickness, the effective parameters of Electrospinning coating, including solvent, polymer concentration, and bioceramic percentage, were investigated. Also, the cytotoxicity and corrosion tests were evaluated by the electrochemical polarization test method of the created coating in comparisons and different percentages. In order to characterize the coating, a test such as a scanning electron microscope was used. The results showed that as much as the amount of Graphene oxide is increased, the diameter of Nanofibers decreases. The diameter of Polycaprolactone Nanofibers was 1.3 micrometers, which increases to 56.0 micrometers by adding Graphene oxide. The results of the corrosion test showed that the use of Nano composite coating increased the corrosion resistance to the size of the coating. The nanocomposite coating consists of polycaprolactone nanofibers and graphene oxide, which mimics the behavior of the extracellular matrix and improves the biological and antibacterial behavior of the titanium surface. So far, there has been no report on the creation of this fibrous nanocomposite coating on titanium. The results of the cytotoxicity test showed that the use of Nanocomposite coating has effectively reduced the cytotoxicity on the scaffolds. By creating a polycaprolactone-graphene oxide nanofiber composite coating, the biological and antibacterial properties of titanium alloy will be improved and its corrosion resistance will probably change. In this project, the main question is extracting effective parameters in creating a composite coating on titanium surface by electrospinning method and characterizing and biological evaluation of the created coating.

Antibacterial and wound healing performance of a novel electrospun nanofibers based on polymethyl-methacrylate/gelatin impregnated with different content of propolis

Wound management and care mainly relies on the production of new and effective wound dressing materials. Chronic wounds require protection against pathogens and bacterial infection. Therefore, it is very important to design wound dressings with antibacterial and restorative capabilities. In this research, polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and gelatin (Gel) nanofibers (NFs) were produced in different ratios by electrospinning method. Propolis (Pro) as a wound healing drug was added to the optimal PMMA70/Gel30 parent scaffold at different concentrations (10, 30 and 50 %w/v). Physical and chemical characterization, porosity, degradation, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), swelling, mechanical properties and contact angle of the mats were analyzed. The NFs presented a homogeneous and defect-free morphology. The PMMA70/Gel30 mats showed the lowest average diameter (362.1 ± 132.3 nm) among the scaffolds. In addition, the highest wettability (∼70°) and WVTR (∼250 g/m2 × 24h) are related to PMMA70/Gel30. The addition of Pro extract (up to 50%) increased the mean diameter of NF (571.1 ± 171.8 nm). None of the scaffolds showed toxicity in the environment. The optimal PMMA/Gel/Pro50% NF showed more adhesion and higher cell viability than other samples. The antioxidant activity of PMMA/Gel/Pro50% is more about 10 times compared to PMMA70/Gel30. Pro extract showed significant antibacterial activity in the scaffolds, so that the release of Pro (∼70% in 24hrs) in the PMMA/Gel/Pro50% caused the inhibition of S. aureus (9 mm) and E. coli (11 mm) bacteria in Mueller's culture medium. All these findings confirm that the produced NF mats, especially those loaded with Pro, have a high potential to be used as an effective wound dressing.

Hybrid electrospinning of blend nanofibrous drug-releasing membrane for wound dressing

The controllable drug-releasing is the key to the application of wound dressing and other bioremediation membrane. In this paper, a hybrid electrospinning method was utilized to fabricate the PVP/PVAc blend nanofibrous membrane. The effects of processing parameters were investigated on the morphology, diameter and dispersion of nanofibers. Drug release test was carried out for PVP/PVAc nanofiber membranes with different mass ratio, showing excellent drug-releasing performance for the blend nanofiber membranes.

Hydrophobization of surfaces on cellulose nanofibers by enzymatic grafting of partially 2-deoxygenated amylose

Recently, attention has been paid to cellulose nanofibers, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN), as new bio-based materials. In addition, hydrophobized surface on TOCNs can be expected to provide new applications. Based on our previous finding that partially 2-deoxygenated (P2D)-amylose, which was synthesized by GP-catalyzed enzymatic copolymerization of D-glucal with α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) as comonomers, was hydrophobic, in this study, hydrophobization of surfaces on TOCNs was investigated by the GP-catalyzed enzymatic grafting of P2D-amylose chains on TOCNs. After maltooligosaccharide primers were modified on TOCNs, the GP-catalyzed enzymatic copolymerization of D-glucal with Glc-1-P was performed for grafting of P2D-amylose chains. 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis confirmed the production of P2D-amylose-grafted TOCNs with different 2-deoxyglucose/Glc unit ratios. The powder X-ray diffraction profiles of the products indicated that the entire crystalline structures were strongly affected by the unit ratios and chain lengths of the grafted polysaccharides. The SEM images observed differences in nanofiber diameter in the reaction solutions and surface morphology after film formation, due to grafting of P2D-amylose chains from TOCNs. The water contact angle measurement of a cast film prepared from the product indicated its hydrophobicity.

Development of injectable upconversion nanoparticle-conjugated doxorubicin theranostics electrospun nanostructure for targeted photochemotherapy in breast cancer.

Nanotheranostic-based photochemotherapies with targeted drug delivery have considerably surfaced in cancer therapy. In the presented work, polyethyleneimine-coated upconversion nanoparticles were engineered to conjugate covalently with doxorubicin. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP)-Doxorubicin (DOX)/synthesized epidermal growth factor receptor-targeting peptide blended with polymer composite was electrospun and formulated as the injectable dosage form. The size of the UCNP and the nanofiber diameter were assessed as 26.75 ± 1.54 and 162 ± 2.82 nm, respectively. The optimized ratio of dopants resulted in UCNP photoluminescence with maximum emission intensity at around 800 nm upon 980 nm excitation wavelength. The paramagnetic nature of UCNPs and amide conjugation with the drug was confirmed analytically. The loading capacity of UCNP for doxorubicin was determined to be 54.56%, while nanofibers exhibited 98.74% capacity to encapsulate UCNP-DOX. The release profile of UCNP-DOX from nanofiber formulation ranged from sustained to controlled, with relative enhancement in acidic conditions. The nanofiber demonstrated good mechanical strength, robust swelling, and degradation rate. Biocompatibility tests showed more than 90% cell viability on L929 and NIH/3T3 cell lines with UCNP-DOX@NF/pep nanoformulation. The IC50 values of 2.15 ± 0.54, 2.87 ± 0.67, and 3.42 ± 0.45 μg/mL on MDA-MB-231, 4T1, and MCF-7 cancer cell line, respectively, with a significant cellular uptake, has been reported. The UCNP protruded a ≈62.7°C temperature rise within 5 min of 980 nm laser irradiation and a power density of 0.5 W cm-2. The nanoformulation induced reactive oxygen species of 65.67% ± 3.21% and apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle sub-G1 phase. The evaluation conveys the effectiveness of the developed injectable theranostic delivery system in cancer therapy.

Dual therapeutic approach: Biodegradable nanofiber scaffolds of silk fibroin and collagen combined with silver and gold nanoparticles for enhanced bacterial infections treatment and accelerated wound healing

The development of novel multifunctional wound healing materials based on natural bioactives has garnered significant interest in recent years due to their ability to stimulate the healing process and alleviate problems associated with standard wound dressings. In the presented work, a bimetallic combination of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles incorporated into silk fibroin (SF) and collagen (CL) composite nanofiber (CNF) using the electrospinning technique. The physicochemical investigations confirmed the successful integration of Ag and Au nanoparticles sizes of approximately 6.76 nm and 9.75 nm, with an average nanofiber diameter of 189.46 ± 108.73 nm. The evaluation of composite nanofiber treated in the in vitro antibacterial tests zone of inhibition value S. aureus (17 mm) and E. coli (18 mm). Additionally, we analyzed the cell proliferation study using NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line treated with the composite nanofiber material. The SF/CL/Ag–Au composite nanofiber exhibited the highest level of cell proliferation compared to other matrices. This increased cell proliferation offers significant advantages in wound healing applications. Furthermore, in vivo study on wound healing activity in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated a remarkable healing percentage of 98.85%. These findings collectively highlight the promising potential of the SF/CL/Ag–Au composite nanofiber in promoting accelerated wound healing. The composite nanofibers demonstrated remarkable hemocompatibility of erythrocyte lysis percentages varying between 1.5% and 3.9%. Besides, swelling tests revealed that the material can absorb exudates from wound sites, facilitating tissue regeneration and cell adhesion. Finally, this research highlights the potential of the SF/CL/Ag–Au composite nanofiber excellent antibacterial activity, highest biocompatibility, enhanced wound healing, and highly suitable for various biomedical applications.

Nanofibrous polyelectrolyte complex incorporated BSA-alginate composite bioink for 3D bioprinting of bone mimicking constructs

Although several bioinks have been developed for 3D bioprinting applications, the lack of optimal printability, mechanical properties, and adequate cell response has limited their practical applicability. Therefore, this work reports the development of a composite bioink consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA), alginate, and self-assembled nanofibrous polyelectrolyte complex aggregates of gelatin and chitosan (PEC-GC). The nanofibrous PEC-GC aggregates were prepared and incorporated into the bioink in varying concentrations (0 % to 3 %). The bioink samples were bioprinted and crosslinked post-printing by calcium chloride. The average nanofiber diameter of PEC-GC was 62 ± 15 nm. It was demonstrated that PEC-GC improves the printability and cellular adhesion of the developed bioink and modulates the swelling ratio, degradation rate, and mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffold. The in vitro results revealed that the bioink with 2 % PEC-GC had the best post-printing cell viability of the encapsulated MG63 osteosarcoma cells and well oragnized stress fibers, indicating enhanced cell adhesion. The cell viability was >90 %, as observed from the MTT assay. The composite bioink also showed osteogenic potential, as confirmed by the estimation of alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis assay. This study successfully fabricated a high-shape fidelity bioink with potential in bone tissue engineering.