Dialogical Logic Research Articles

Rational Dialogues and Its Constructive Social-Cultural Functions

One of the tools that human civilizations use today to understand each other and resolve misunderstandings is dialogue. Dialogue can reduce social distances and bridge human and cultural gaps. In this research, the social and path-opening functions of dialogue as a bridge between social, political and cultural groups have been discussed. Dialogue is a dynamic process, which has two aspects of collective and social nature. Also, with the logic of dialogue and the method of conversation, it is possible to create a bridge over social, political and ethnic gaps and connect people and groups together. The purpose of writing this article is to explain and describe the functions of dialogue, whether it is possible to fill the social, gender, cultural and cognitive gaps in a society with this method. Today's democratic political systems use dialogue as a communication and cognitive bridge between themselves and the nations. Because there are many similarities between bridge and dialogue, which are also discussed in this article. Due to the fact that dialogue has a collective nature and gathering character, this research with a survey method seeks to know the importance, position and role of dialogue in reducing conflicts in social and cultural relationships. The question is, can this collective character and collection of dialogue prevent the separation and division of people and social groups and reduce misunderstandings towards each other. In addition to the theoretical part of this article, a descriptive-analytical method has been used by distributing the questionnaire. The statistical population of Badakhshan University is considered. The findings of this research indicate that dialogue is one of the appropriate ways to connect social division in a society. Based on the findings, dialogue is like a bridge, which can fill and connect social, linguistic, cultural, ethnic and political gaps. (80%) of the sample population considered the role and importance of dialogue in reducing social misunderstandings, preventing violent social, linguistic and ethnic conflicts.

Media Debates, Asymmetrical Argumentation, and the Nature of Violence in Indian Politics

Dialogue is often considered as a solution to reduce violent conflicts between different competing parties. Applying this logic of dialogue to reduce the possibility of violence holds validity. On the other hand, empirical evidence show that dialogues also resulted in violent conflicts, instead of ameliorating the situation. This paper focuses on this unique problem of applying dialogue as a remedy to violent conflicts in India with a special reference to media debates. Extended media including both mainstream and social media provided large spacefor dialogues regarding issues in the contemporary world. India is no exception to this fact. This paper critically analyses this entire discourse of media debates on contentious issues in India to test the hypothesis regarding the validity of dialogue as a remedy to prevent violence and chaos in Indian political context.

Intertextuality and Dialogue Logic of Literary Texts with Hezar O Yek Shab (Case Study of Makkaran's Story)

Intertextuality and Dialogue Logic of Literary Texts with Hezar O Yek Shab (Case Study of Makkaran's Story)

Research on Intelligent Dialogue Systems

Intelligent dialogue systems, as a subfield of artificial intelligence, have very important research significance and application value. Todays AI dialogue systems are still in a relatively early stage, but they are developing very rapidly. In recent years, intelligent dialogue systems have been applied in many fields, such as intelligent customer service in online transactions, intelligent voice assistants in smartphones, and virtual chatbots. This paper introduces the background of intelligent dialogue systems and the current research status of key technologies and discusses some challenges in this field and some recent research to improve the system. Most of the current intelligent dialogue systems can perform effective human-computer interaction and respond accordingly. But for the next generation of intelligent dialogue system, more human characteristics are needed so that it can better understand and express human language, have its own personality, and maintain the consistency and logic of dialogue.

O Uso das Tecnologias Digitais pelos Museus – Comentário aos Resultados Globais de um Estudo de Públicos Realizado em Sete Museus Nacionais em Portugal

As social institutions, museums develop a prox-imity action with the environment that surrounds them. Operating in a logic of direct dialogue with the needs and interests of their participants, these institutions represent a reflection of the social, cultural, economic, technological, and political environments in which they operate. As a conse-quence, in its space coexist notions that, some-times conflicting, sustain the concepts of tradition, transition and change.Thus, in the context of their recent history, muse-ums have been progressively marked by an episte-mological and operational environment sustained by the transversal use of digital technologies. The attitude that these institutions adopt towards these tools is, in general, reflected in the relationship they establish with contemporary society. From this point of view, analyzing the social impacts of the use of digital technologies by museums means understanding how these technologies may or may not favor the relationship that museums establish with their audiences.Thus, seeking to present a comment on the results of an audience research carried out in seven National Museums in Portugal, this reflection aims to contribute to the debate on the role of digital in enhancing the communication of museums and their perception in society.

ГЕНЕЗИС ГЕРМАНО-ЯПОНСКИХ ДВУСТОРОННИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX В.

The paper provides a retrospective historical overview of forming and developing bilateral relations between Germany and Japan in the second half of the 19th century on the basis of documents and materials, previously largely not introduced into Russian scientific discourse. Taking as an example the commemorative events marking the 160th anniversary of the f irst diplomatic treaty, the relevance of the research subject which allows a clearer logic and features understanding of the modern dialogue between the two countries. The prerequisites and historical conditions for the interaction genesis as well as the contractual and factual basis of cooperation are studied. The article highlights the preparatory stage, negotiation process, practical results and strategic consequences of the expedition of Friedrich zu Eulenburg in 1859–1862 as well as the Treaty of Friendship, Trade and Navigation conclusion between Prussia and Japan, the contribution of Iwakura 1871–1873 mission in the political and cultural rapprochement between Japan and Germany, the role of Major Clemens Meckel in the modernization of the Japanese army, the assistance of lawyer Hermann Roesler in forming Japanese Meiji statehood, government institutions and legal framework. The influence of German military doctors on the development of Japanese military medicine is shown as well as the reflection of Japanese topics in German public life and art is illustrated.

Dialogue Logic Aware and Key Utterance Decoupling Model for Multi-Party Dialogue Reading Comprehension

Multi-party dialogue machine reading comprehension (MRC) brings an unprecedented challenge due to the multiple speakers and the complex discourse linkages among speaker-aware utterances. The majority of current methods only consider the textual aspects of dialogue situations, and pay little attention to crucial speaker-aware cues. This prevents a model from capturing the speaker’s intention and important discourse information for questions in a complex discourse relationship, leading to the model giving wrong answers. In this paper, we construct a dialogue logic graph module by the relational graph convolutional network (R-GCN) to structure the dialogue information, and design a speaker prediction task to enhance the ability to capture discourse logic. Additionally, we construct a key utterance information decoupling module that focuses on the key discourse information flow involve questions, and filters out noise information. Extensive experiments FriendsQA and Molweni show that our approach outperforms competitive baselines and current state-of-the-art models, especially when dealing with more rounds of dialogue and questions involving people, events and time.

Building Conventional “Experts” With a Dialogue Logic Programming Language

Building Conventional “Experts” With a Dialogue Logic Programming Language

The Logic of Dialogue and Dialogical Theology

In this article, I introduce and develop a logic of dialogue and reciprocity as distinguished from a logic of reflection. I argue that interreligious dialogue is not only desirable, but logically necessary for two reasons: one, the logic of dialogue precedes the logic of reflection and, two, the intersubjective dialogue is a precondition for the dialogue with the Ultimate Reality. I proceed in three stages. First, I problematize the terms identity and belonging and expound on the challenge of dialogue. Second, I reflect upon the nature of interreligious dialogue and present my dialogical theology together with its crucial notion of “trans-difference”. Third, I refer to the dialogical philosophies of Buber, Fischer and Gandhi, whose thoughts contribute to a dialogical theology.

Ecotheological Community and the Question of Non-Human Animals Understood as Persons

Ecotheological Community and the Question of Non-Human Animals Understood as Persons

Sur la machinerie logique de la dialectique postclassique : le Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar de Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (m. 722/1322)

The post-classical (or post-Avicennan, post-Rāzian) genre of the “protocols for dialectical inquiry and disputation” (ādāb al-baḥth wa-l-munāẓara) has its more proximate origins in the famed Risāla of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322). The greater part of his conceptions and methodology, however, consists in a streamlining and universalizing of the more strictly juristic dialectic (jadal / khilāf) of his teacher Burhān al-Dīn al-Nasafī (d. 687/1288); and this in turn draws on the highly logicized dialectic of Rukn al-Dīn al-ʿAmīdī (d. 615/1218) and his teacher Raḍī al-Dīn al-Nīsābūrī (d. 617/1220). At the heart of methods in this lineage, and carried forward by al-Samarqandī into the universal ādāb al-baḥth, are three truth-preserving logical relationships critical to the truth-seeking enterprise of dialectic: entailment (talāzum / mulāzama), mutual negation or exclusion (tanāfin / munāfā), and causal concomitance (dawarān). The practical elaboration of these relations reveals a logic in action—a premodern dialogical logic for living disputation praxis. In fact, so critical were these to the dialectical enterprise that al-Samarqandī devoted a specialized treatise entirely to summarizing their defining features and rules, aptly naming it the ʿAyn al-Naẓar, or “Wellspring of Rational Investigation.” In this article, and drawing upon a recently published digital critical edition, I will present an analytical outline of these core logical relations as presented in the ʿAyn al-Naẓar. Then I will address a number of points of interest in this text, grouped under six themes: the potential for cross-disciplinary advancement; notions in discursive development; significant or uniquely contributive formulations; peculiarities of content; signs of an evolving, universalist agenda; and evidence that the ʿAyn al-Naẓar was designed as an aide-mémoire for the active disputant.

Медійний складник сучасної літератури та літературної критики

The specifics of coverage of literary and literary-critical topics in specialized magazines (“Literaturna Ukrayina”, “Ukrayinsʹka literaturna hazeta”) and magazines of social and cultural issues (“Krytyka”, “Zbruč”) are considered. The current stage of development of literary magazines and literary sections of publications is considered to be due to the logic of dialogue between traditional and modern trends in the literary-critical field of modern Ukrainian humanities. The repetition of some key issues in the discussion “modern – traditional” at the turn of the XIX–XX and XX–XXI centuries suggests the “return” of Ukrainian literature to the path of development, which is determined by its cultural specifics. Literary magazines allow to maintain a certain level of discussion in the process of understanding the literary heritage of the twentieth century, revolutionary changes in modern literature, defining tasks for writers. Conversations, dialogues, conversations become a logical genre embodiment of this process (Yuriy Andrukhovych, Oleksandr Boychenko, Orest Drulʹ “Vorokhtararium: literary trialogue with dialogue and monologues”, “Vorokhtarium: literaturnyy trialoh z dialohom i monolohamy”, 2017; Lesya Ukrayinka, Oksana Zabuzhko, Blazhennishyy Svyatoslav Shevchuk about Lesya Ukrainka, “Apokryf. Chotyry rozmovy pro Lesyu Ukrayinku”, 2020; “Conversations. Mykhailo Sydorzhevsky – Hryhoriy Shton”, “Besidy. Mykhaylo Sydorzhevsʹkyy – Hryhoriy Shtonʹ”, 2020). The analyzed editions and stylistic specifics of critical texts illustrate the dynamism of the literarycritical process, allow to present an intellectual “portrait” of the reader interested in modern literature

Foundations for Knowledge and Belief Management

Three foundational principles are introduced: intelligent systems such as those that would pass the Turing test should display multi-agent or interactional intelligence; multi-agent systems should be based on conceptual structures common to all interacting agents, machine and human; and multi-agent systems should have an underlying interactional logic such as dialogue logic. In particular, a multi-agent rather than an orthodox analysis of the key concepts of knowledge and belief is discussed. The contrast that matters is the difference between the different questions and answers about the support for claims to know and claims to believe. A simple multi-agent system based on dialogue theory which provides for such a difference is set out.

Integrating Pre-trained Model into Rule-based Dialogue Management

Rule-based dialogue management is still the most popular solution for industrial task-oriented dialogue systems for their interpretablility. However, it is hard for developers to maintain the dialogue logic when the scenarios get more and more complex. On the other hand, data-driven dialogue systems, usually with end-to-end structures, are popular in academic research and easier to deal with complex conversations, but such methods require plenty of training data and the behaviors are less interpretable. In this paper, we propose a method to leverages the strength of both rule-based and data-driven dialogue managers (DM). We firstly introduce the DM of Carina Dialog System (CDS, an advanced industrial dialogue system built by Microsoft). Then we propose the "model-trigger" design to make the DM trainable thus scalable to scenario changes. Furthermore, we integrate pre-trained models and empower the DM with few-shot capability. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and strong few-shot capability of our method.

A free dialogical logic for surrogate reasoning: generation of hypothesis without ontological commitments

This article aims to present a Free Dialogic Logic [FDL] as a general framework for hypothesis generation in the practice of modelling in science. Our proposal is based on the idea that the inferential function that models fulfil during the modelling process (surrogate reasoning) should be carried out without ontological commitments. The starting point to achieve our objective is that the scientific consideration of models without a target is a symptom that, on the one hand, the Applicability of Logic should be considered among the conditions of adequacy that should take into account all modeling process and, on the other, that the inferential apparatus at the base of the surrogate reasoning process must be rid of realistic assumptions that lead to erroneous conclusions. In this sense, we propose as an alternative an ontologically neutral inferential system in the perspective of dialogical pragmatism.

Dialectics as immanent critique. Or, dialectics as both ontology and epistemology with a practical intention

This response to Asger S?rensen?s paper From Ontology to Epistemology: Tong, Mao and Hegel is made on the basis of a reflection on the author?s intellectual development with special reference to the idea of ?dialectics?. This development is mainly composed of three periods, in which the author formed his strong antipathy toward dialectics as a mere tool of power (in the 1970s), learnt to understand the importance of ?dialogical logic? in providing conceptual tools for human knowledge of a type of reality which is both objective and subjective - human practices (in the 1980s) - and attempted to understand the ?dialectics of rationalization? by integrating ?dialectics? in the Western tradition of Critical Theory with the Chinese tradition of ?dialectics? systematically interpreted by Feng Qi (1915-1995) since the 1990s.

Image and word as forms of iconic depiction

Abstract This paper focuses on the relation between icon and depiction and their equally central role both in verbal and in nonverbal artistic texts. For this purpose, I will examine the contact points between Jakobson and Bakhtin’s theory of text. In particular, I will dwell on Jakobson’s “Quest for the essence of language” and on Bakhtin’s “The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences.” Both Jakobson and Bakhtin build their idea of text on this dialogue between different dimensions. According to Bakhtin dialogical logic is the specific logic of the text. Though indispensable in the initial phase of understanding, the first is reductive if it claims to exhaust the semantic import of the text. Both in Bakhtin and in Jakobson, this idea of text based upon a dialogue between different dimensions implies that sign expression cannot be exhausted in representation because there is something which exceeds representation. I will call this excedent element “depiction.” Depiction is what is at stake in the artistic text, what exceeds the symbolic level of representation. “Depiction” can be configured, both in verbal and non-verbal text, as an idea of iconicity which exceeds resemblance and immediate visibility.

Dialogics of idea form-creation as a means of thinking

Theoretical problems mostly arise in a situation of collision of mutually unacceptable provisions of a separate theory, which are in a state of active confrontation. Possible ways or methods of solving these problems are usually indicated by ideas – a kind of psychological tools of thinking, the structure and functional purpose of which allow reflecting the object of comprehension in many ways and holistically, thus preventing the prospect of its extreme manifestations as mutually contradictory concepts of one-sided theoretical ideas-approaches. The peculiarity of the idea form-creation process is determined by the fact that thinking, stimulating the functional purpose of the idea, uses while its development improved rules of concepts derivation and changed principles of proving their truth, which are different from those that caused the theoretical problem occurrence. The improvement of these rules and the change of principles is carried out by taking into account the function of the operational component of thinking as a such, which leaves behind its categorical component only the function of the source of links to be reorganized. Mental operations that carry out this reorganization are triadic inferences, the use of which through thinking as psychological tools is possible by providing the content of the conceivable form of dialogics, i.e. a kind of dialogue logic of two logics, which meets the requirements of dialogical essence of thinking and principles of dialectics. Dialogics considers formally mutually contradictory understanding positions of one and the same object of comprehension, organizing them as a positively significant form of a theoretical problem statement. To solve it successfully, dialogics uses the idea as a mental tool, which is given the form of a dialectical-logical concept that can reflect the essence of a particular theoretical problem, manifested in the form of dialectical unity of formally opposite theoretical positions. Most importantly, the idea as a mental tool of reflecting the essence of the problem raises the theoretical comprehension of the investigated object over the functional degree of finding its place in a particular concept or paradigmatic model and opens the prospect of its objectification at the metaparadigmatic level in an exhaustive category-methodological completeness.

Between sentential and model-based abductions: a dialogical approach

Abstract Most of the standard approaches consider abduction in terms of a backward reasoning and miss some of its fundamental features. Overall, they neglect its pragmatic dimension and the conjectural aspect of the conclusion. In this paper, we approach abduction in terms of strategic adjustment process in the context of dialogical logic. This sheds light on the use of conjectures in argumentative interactions. Although abductive dialogues are sometimes based upon sentential conjectures, they can also involve hypotheses about the context of argumentation itself. Indeed, the underlying logic of an argumentative interaction is not always settled since the beginning. In this context, abduction is not only concerned with the introduction of sentential hypotheses, but also with hypotheses concerning the structural rules governing the dialogue itself. We thus emphasize the instrumental dimension of abduction in dialogues.

BDI logic applied to a dialogical interpretation of human–machine cooperative dialogues

Abstract We first define a language for the dialogical logic and the models that the language generates. This language is thought to capture the structure of the dialogues captured by Lekta—a software framework oriented to the design and implementation of natural language processing-related applications—and its users. These dialogues are defined as cooperative dialogues in which the dialogical logic perspective of a dialogue seen as a competition is shifted into a perspective in which both agents cooperate towards a common goal. Later we define a BDI temporal logic based on a modal framework that we will use to study the beliefs, desires and intentions of both agents based on the model generated by the dialogical logic.