Dialectical Negation Research Articles

ІСТОРИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ТРАКТУВАННЯ ІСТИНИ ПРЕДСТАВНИКАМИ АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ ФІЛОСОФСЬКОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ УКРАЇНИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДОБИ

B a c k g r o u n d . The current research focuses on Ukraine's academic philosophical culture in the second half of the 20th century during the Soviet era, emphasising the historical and methodological bases of truth interpretation by its representatives. Using descriptive methodology and comparative analysis, it was found that the Ukrainian academic philosophy of this period, represented here by the legacy of recognised figures often referred to in the philosophical literature as the Kyiv School of Philosophy, is a revival of philosophy in Ukraine based on so-called "authentic" Marxism-Leninism. M e t h o d s . In particular, to analyse the concept of truth, representatives of the Ukrainian academic philosophical culture of the studied period employed the dialectical method, which is interpreted in dialectical materialism through the concept of the "development" of the material universe. Specifically, within this dialectics of nature, dialectical negation is considered a stage of object development in which the achievements of the earlier stages are not eliminated but rather "removed" – contained within it. R e s u l t s . The interpretation of logic as a theoretical reflection of historical patterns in theoretical form enabled them to define truth as correspondence to reality and analyse it through the lens of the dialectical inter-transformation of the categories of subjective and objective, relative and absolute. The application of the dialectical method to the concepts of "relative" and "absolute" resulted in the identification of "relatively absolute," "absolutely relative" truth, and the opposition of the "relatively absolute truth" to the "absolutely absolute truth." They regard the latter – absolutely absolute truth – as an unreachable ideal that serves as a regulative principle, the pursuit of which promotes cognitive progress through the accumulation of partial, relative truths. C o n c l u s i o n s . Thus, in the second half of the 20th century, during the Soviet era, representatives of Ukraine's academic philosophical culture employed dialectical materialism methodology to define the concept of truth, allowing them to justify the process of cognition as complex and endless. At the same time, as representatives of that era's academic philosophy have emphasised, on the path to achieving relative truths, in addition to objective dialectical contradictions, there are also subjective formal-logical errors and mistakes that can only be distinguished from objective contradictions through practical verification.

Design as a cultural phenomenon

The object of the study is culture in terms of its aesthetic component (art and design). The subject of the study is design as a cultural phenomenon. The author suggests that design from a philosophical point of view contains meanings that are not described by the traditional number of aesthetic categories. The author demarcates the categories "design" with the categories "art" and "aesthetic", consistently identifying differences in the following parameters: 1. functional difference; 2. difference of origin; 3. semiotic difference. Having distinguished the design category from the art category, the author reveals the specific semiurgical essence of the design category. Semiurgic design is associated with projective activity, that is, the activity of creating new signs. Design is associated with the design of secondary reality and the gradual doubling of the world. The main conclusion of the study is an attempt to derive the formula of the philosophical content of the category "design". The philosophical category "design" is associated with the aesthetic organization of secondary reality and is characterized by projectivity (orientation to innovation), transitivity (orientation to real application), functionality (orientation to optimal application), immanence (lack of connections with the transcendent) and semiurgicity – the function of creating new signs. The semiurgic nature of design lies in the constant reproduction of itself, since the discourse of design "new" becomes synonymous with design and loses the meaning of the dialectical negation of "old". The design is associated with the symbolic doubling of the world. Moreover, this doubling does not increase the meaning and value of being, but, on the contrary, enhances the illusory nature of being, since design, unlike art, is not associated with pointing to a transcendent reality.

Why Not Happiness? Marx’s Notion of the Free Life

It has recently been claimed that Marx’s aspiration to achieve happiness by reducing human suffering makes it possible to dismantle the conceptual walls between his approach, contemporary socialist approaches, and Eastern and Western perceptions of happiness. In contrast, this essay argues that Marx’s notion of freedom not only cannot be conceived as a means of achieving happiness but actually contradicts the possibility of happiness. The essay instead interprets the dialectical negation of the ideal of happiness in a way intended not to reinforce the walls between Marx’s approach and different worldviews but to reveal a common denominator relevant to different streams of nineteenth-century thought on this subject. Marx’s own conclusion that satisfaction is not a natural purpose of human existence originates in a dialectical approach regarding human needs that expresses radical criticism toward the hierarchical binary conception of pleasure and pain and of physical and spiritual needs.

Towards a Precise Translation of Psalm 115,1

Abstract The commonly accepted translation of Ps 115,1, “Not to us, O Lord, not to us, but to your name give glory (כבוד ‪נתן) for the sake of your steadfast love and your faithfulness,” does not express the full meaning of the phrase. Important precision is provided by examination of several neglected or unrecognized factors such as the meaning of “to us,” “give,” and “glory,” dialectical negation in the community’s petition, and the function of V 1 within the psalm.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION OF GENDER STEREOTYPES ON THE CAREER ASPIRATIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE

The purpose of the article is to investigate the manifestation of gender role stereotypes on career harassment of young people. The methodology of scientific research is based on the level of philosophy (systematicity, dialectical contradiction, unity of quality and quantity, dialectical negation, development, causality, etc.) and the level of general psychological (psychological theory of action, unity of psyche and activity, development; systematicity; concept of sub object of mental activity, etc.) principles with systematic, scientific and verification methods. This work is devoted to the study of the relationship between the value orientations of an individual and the level of his self-efficacy. The study of these problems allows us to assert the insufficient development of theoretical and empirical research on the psychological concept of self-efficacy, in particular, regarding persons who have already passed the period of professional formation and are actively engaged in their work activities; insufficiently disclosed features of the influence of factors on self-efficacy; there is a lack of scientific justifications that would reveal the age factors of this phenomenon. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical material, a study of self-efficacy and the peculiarities of the impact on it of the meaning-life orientations of the individual was carried out. The theoretical justification of the problem of gender-role self-determination of older adolescents is given, in which preference is given to the concepts of the theory of cognitive development of the personality: the content of the “self-concept” is a categorical system of personal attitudes formed in the process of active assimilation and acceptance of gender-role norms cultivated by society. The system of attitudes can be considered as a form of organization of individual experience, which directs the consciousness, activity and self-determination of the subject in relation to the world. Social stereotypes and expectations, which in the process of socialization change from the external, “specified” plan by society to the internal, personally meaningful adoption of gender roles and their corresponding attitudes, are the means of realizing one’s own sexuality.

Математическая дисциплина мысли в свете фундаментальной онтологии Хайдеггера

The key question in the mathematical discipline of thought is the question of the foundations of mathematics. To a large extent, this question boils down to the question of logic, which is guided in the construction of the architec­ture of mathematics (N. Bourbaki). Most mathematicians, with the exception of intuitionists, rely in their work on classical, extensional, logic, expressed through mathematical terminology. Here is the construction of axiomatic systems, and methods of their formalization, and metamathematics. Since this approach to the foundations of mathematics reveals the incompleteness of any mathematical system, including in itself, at least, elementary arith­metic, then this leads to the conclusion (K. Gödel) that the logic used in mathematics is insufficient to claim to substantiate the mathematical disci­pline of thought as such. The article shows that this deficiency can be filled when creating a complementary dialectical logic, the central operation of which is the operation of dialectical negation, called privation. Privation is borrowed from the fundamental ontology of Martin Heidegger, together with its inherent images of Being and Nothing.

ON THE ROLE OF V. HEISENBERG, E. SCHRÖDINGER, K.F. WEIZSACKER, N. BOHR AND M. HEIDEGGER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOGICAL AND MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS

The development of the logical and mathematical foundations of quantum physics and, first of all, quantum mechanics is the work of a large team of physicists, mathematicians and philosophers who have contributed to the solution of this problem. The title of the article lists the names of four scientists who, according to the author, paved the way for the creation of quantum logic. This must be understood in such a way that from the very beginning (Heisenberg and Schrödinger) it was established that the properties of quantum objects are described not by numbers, but by operators. In the relationships of the operators themselves, one could see an analogue of Boolean algebra of classical logic. Weizsäcker raised the question of how the physical quantity of time, in describing the motion states of quantum objects, can be represented: an operator or a state vector? The author of the article shows that the development of quantum mechanics has gone through two stages. The first stage differs in that complex numbers and functions were introduced into physics, in other words, elements of the theory of functions of a complex variable. At the second stage, spinor calculus penetrated into quantum physics. If at the first stage methods were presented for describing the external degrees of freedom (motion) of elementary particles and other quantum objects, then the second stage was marked by the description of internal degrees of elementary particles. It became possible to understand that the measured mass of an electron or any other fermion is an averaged quantity, it consists of two ingredients: a positive mass and a negative mass (two values of the corresponding operator). An important role in this discovery played the operation of dialectical negation (privation), borrowed from Heidegger's fundamental ontology.

Hegel on What Cannot Be Said: an Interpretation of the Ineffable in the Phenomenology's ‘Sense-Certainty’

AbstractIt is often claimed that Hegel's philosophy cannot accept that something would remain beyond the grasp of conceptual language, and that his thought therefore systematically represses the possibility that something cannot be said. By analysing Hegel's account of the ineffable in the ‘Sense-Certainty’ chapter of the Phenomenology of Spirit, this article argues that Hegel does not repress, but firmly confronts the problem of what cannot be said. With the help of Giorgio Agamben's linguistic interpretation, it is shown that Hegel's conception of the ineffable must be understood from the perspective of his dialectical understanding of language. What appears to be ineffable is only the constitutive result of the dialectical negation that conceptual discourse enacts. Consequently, the ineffable in Hegel's thought cannot be said to remain external to and independent from conceptual language.

Theories of industrialization in Africa: Africana industrialization discourse

AbstractThis papyrus seeks to solve the puzzle that a rich continent such as Africa where human life and human civilization originated is today relegated to exclusion and marginalization from the industrial revolutions transforming life worldwide. The papyrus surveys existing knowledge to reveal why Africa today is deindustrialized and what is to be done to revive the industrialization of the continent and decolonize the relative exclusion of people of African descent from the worldwide participation in the industrial revolution. The methodology is to review the chronology of the dialectical negation of theses and antithesis, their synthesis or negation of the negation, and the hegemonic debates around industrialization in Africa while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the most well‐known theories for understanding and changing the conditions of deindustrialization in Africa and among people of African descent globally. Although policy preferences will be mentioned, other writers are expected to focus on the examination of specific industrialization policies the way that UNECA researchers do (UN Economic Commission on Africa, 2020).

The melancholic gaze: Adorno's concept of interpretation as dialectical negation and critical speculation

The melancholic gaze: Adorno's concept of interpretation as dialectical negation and critical speculation

Буддийско-даосский синкретизм в школе «парного сокровенного» и медитация «чистоты и покоя»

The papers are dedicated to the concepts, main ideas, texts, and forms of practice of the syncretic Taoist movement Chongxuan-pai – “Twofold mystery”, which was developed in the 7–10th centuries. This school borrowed a number of logical constructions of Madhyamika Buddhism, including the system of four-level dialectical negation, as well as the idea of absolute “emptying of consciousness” for overcoming attachments both to mundane life and to any mental concepts. In part, these ideas are reflected in the Taoist-Buddhist practice of attaining “purity and quietness, a specific tradition of meditation, with its most important text “Canon of Purity and Quietness” (Qingjing jing) (given in this article in the author’s translation). Despite its traditional structure, thematic allusions with “Dao De Jing” and precepts attributed to Lao-jun, this Canon pays special attention to the technique of “inner contemplation” (nei guan), which also gravitates to the Buddhist practice of vipasyana and is called to eliminate binary opposition (pure-polluted, movement-rest) in the practitioner’s consciousness. The “Canon of purity and Quietness” is still highly revered in central China’s Taoist schools today. The basis of the meditative practice according to this Canon is the gradual ascending from “looking inward”, “looking outward” and “looking away” to “contemplation of emptiness”. The highest stage of “emptying the emptiness” leads to the complete deactualization of the ego and the breaking of all ties with the world. In this way, the exegetical idea of the “Twofold mystery” is realized as a form of Taoist practice influenced by Buddhist ideas.

Semântica de Perguntas e Respostas

O presente artigo trata de um tipo especial de semântica de múltiplos valores: Semântica de Perguntas e Respostas, na qual valores lógicos são produtos de perguntas sobre predicados semânticos (’verdadeiro’, ’falso’, etc.) e respostas correspondentes (’sim’, ’não’ etc.). Pretende esclarecer algumas dificuldades relacionadas ao que se entende por atos básicos de fala, como afirmação e negação. Discordâncias profundas ocorrem sempre que dois falantes discordam acerca do significado das palavras que usam. No caso especial dos valores de verdade, Frege os tomou como os referentes de proposições que são classes de sentenças aceitas (’verdadeiras’) ou rejeitadas (’falsas’). Partindo dessa representação comum da verdade e da falsidade, é proposta uma estrutura algébrica geral ARnm, a fim de sistematizar o uso de valores de verdade em uma perspectiva dialética da lógica. Uma atenção especial é dada a dois pseudo-falantes radicalmente opostos, a saber: Heráclito e Nagarjuna, segundo os quais os valores deverdade se referem, respectivamente, a tudo e nada. No final, uma negação dialética (pseudo-hegeliana) é esboçada como uma função muito peculiar, a saber: como um operador ontológico gerador de objetos, semelhante ao operador aritmético gerador de sucessores Sn+1(x) aplicado a números inteiros e também combina com uma teoria generalizada de valores de verdade como nomes próprios milianos ou kripkeanos.

Didactics: Methodological Approaches to Determining the Content of Physical Education Teacher Training

The objective of the study was to develop methodological approaches to determining the content of physical education teacher training. Materials and methods. The study involved 62 students of the School of Physical Education, who studied according to the 2001-2005 curriculum. To solve the tasks set, the study used both philosophical and general scientific research methods, including: dialectical method (principle of historicism, principle of systematicity, principle of dialectical contradiction, principle of unity of quality and quantity, principle of dialectical negation, principle of development, principle of causality); systems approach; factor and discriminant analysis. Results. The results of performance analysis show an average level of proficiency in learning material. By the coefficient of variation, the grades in History of Modern World, Culturology, Gymnastics, TMPE, 3rd year vary considerably (>33%). The students’ performance in Therapeutic Physical Training, Fundamentals of Ecology, Thesis has an average level of variability. By most indicators, the students are assessed as a homogeneous group. The analysis of similarities (h2) showed that the most informative indicators of the quality of students’ training are the grades in the following subjects: Teaching Practice (middle school) (0.817); Biomechanics (0.772); Qualification Examination (0.764); Teaching Practice (senior school) (0.763). Conclusions. Factor and discriminant analysis provided objective information on the quality of physical education teacher training. The results of factor analysis do not confirm the objectivity of empirical identification of four groups of academic subjects of the curriculum. The factor structure of the curriculum indicates the need to change the content of education, aimed at improving the training of highly qualified teachers. The training of a physical education teacher should include the following blocks of subjects: professional theoretical and practical training, natural sciences, theory and methods of physical education of schoolchildren, special training in the chosen sport. The results of discriminant analysis show that physical education teacher training is aimed at developing knowledge, abilities and skills in the sections: 1) Means and Methods of Physical Education; 2) Theory and Methods of Motor Abilities Development; 3) Theory and Methods of Teaching Motor Actions.

Владимир Cоловьев о назначении искусства: актуальные аспекты

The article analyses the final lines of V. Soloviev’s work “The General Sense of Art,” correlating them with the art tendencies of the modern civilization. The author addresses Soloviev’s idea about the transforming role of art in relation to the reality, the real life. It is stated that, in the modern era, within the commercial mass culture domination, the entertaining function of art comes to the forefront. At the same time, an opposing tendency can be observed: a movement towards the all-encompassing unity, understanding of the universal, the priority of common values (the ideas of ecological ethics, common religion, non-violence). The author indicates that the dialectic negation of the negation law is manifested in the history of art, in the realization of its varied functions.

The Fast and the Negative: Dialectics and Posthumanism

The article refers to the way the recent TV drama Brexit: The Uncivil War deconstructs the inherent contradictions of modern capitalism. Historically, both Marx and the avant-garde believed that acceleration or deceleration will aggravate the contradictions to the point of the collapse of the system. British cultural theory further expounds this issue by adding a curious philosophical perspective of the way capital deals with the abstraction of the real in the digital era. Their take on accelerationism subsequently created two competing aesthetic and political concepts: the left wing that endeavours to exploit the dialectical negativity in order to re-purpose the technological speed away from capital’s imaginary, and the right wing that embraces the acceleration of the forces of production to disclose the invasion of posthuman, machinistic Singularity.

Súlad medzi kňazským a prorockým chápaním kultu na príklade prvej kapitoly knihy Izaiáš

This study challenges the popular assumption that the prophetic understanding of the role of cult in the religion of Ancient Israel was essentially different from the Priestly source. First, it re­‑evaluates and outlines the role of certain basic cultic concepts (namely sacrifice, impurity and holiness) from the Priestly source, and then applies them to the text of Isa 1, especially to the so­‑called cult­‑critical v. 10–17. No serious discrepancy emerges; in fact, reading Isa 1 through the lenses of the Priestly source seems to be more intelligible. Therefore, to label this text as cult­‑critical is simply wrong. The currently in vogue dialectic negation approach to this and similar texts (emphasizing ethics over cult) is also misleading. Judging by Isa 1, the prophet understood cult essentially just like the priests. He was well aware of the grave danger when mixing it with impurity caused by sinful behaviour. His passionate cry for ethics and overall purity resulted from this concept of cult and from his desire to maintain the presence of the Holy One of Israel in her midst.

Mytho-logic anthropology and discursive games of Gods in time stream

Is the thought a gift or bloody hell of the person? Involving in a discourse of «another» is accompanied by forming of a field of own senses. Senses come, but they are not born by own «I». But «a science way» (connected with external language games) or a self-immersing way (connected with meditational practice’s), actually, eliminated our own «I». The way (as would tell the Buddha, Moisej or the Christ, and presently M. Heidegger or M. Moss) is a gift. Such gift allows to reconstruct own human nature and to open «passes» (ways) to different measurement of existence of the person. All transitions between measurements connected systems of signs (or languages). In particular, the system of signs allows to transfer the Messiah gift to historical space by means of a myth or mythical and poetic text. Actually, those who put myths or established names, always occupied exclusive position in a society. Interpreters of Ancient Greek mythology asserted that the main gift of gods is fire; however, main gift of gods was the word and a name (language).In «Being and time» of M. Heidegger language is the house of being. The main thought consists that being is structured as language. According to the modern version of J. Lacan, unconscious is structured as language, and unconscious acts as hidden (unconscious) presence of another (or Another as higher Father-god), so language is found out as universal unity, the universal topos, connecting mental and, probably, spiritual space. Not only unconscious, but also spiritual (and mental) it is structured as language. S. Freud and J. Lacan have found out only private forms of a certain universal principle in which specifies creativity of structuralists and poststructuralists: all actively existing (living) is structured as language or is functional in the field of signs and symbols (in the field of language). Leaning Gegel’s and Neohegelians creativity, it can be asserted that Spirit, generating the dialectic negation – a matter, does not disappear, it is not transformed, and continues process of naming, being in other measurement. But the spirit is structured as another in the creation-naming. The mono-spirit is not enough for a birth of the world, the act of naming means presence of another.In search of a nature bases of modern philosophy A. Badiou tried to find a way of realisation of patrimonial procedures in synchronous (adhered to the present) space of human thought and open the essence modern (postmodern) multiplane and polymorphic culture and thought. Proceeding from A. Badiou’s creativity it is possible to conclude, errors in act of naming is very cost much to mankind.

The problem of J.-J. Rousseau’s influence on the I. Kant’s creative work

The article shows the continuity in the development of key ideas J.J. Rousseau in the works of Immanuel Kant on the nature of morality and its relation to public morality, the nature of the moral sense and the role of ethics for education. It is shown the main achievements and limitations of the methodological approach by J.J. Rousseau and those aspects of his position that I. Kant developed by their dialectical negation with preservation of the continuity of all the best. Our research involves analysis of primary sources and critical literature. The dialectical method synthesized with the hermeneutical method. The hermeneutical method allows us to understand the system of Rousseau and Kant in their entirety and at the same time to point out the most significant aspects of these theoretical systems. The dialectical method revealed contradictions in the ideas of Rousseau, which prompted Kant to continue these ideas, but already on other grounds. The article discusses how Rousseau influenced Kant in determining the nature of morality through the definition of the essence of the moral law. But at the same time the article shows the differences in the understanding of the moral feeling in Kant and Rousseau: according to Kant, it has its source in pure practical reason, while, according to Rousseau, moral feeling has its source in compassion to the human race (human nature). The conclusion to the article is the statement that major discoveries of Kant in the fields of theoretical reason and of practical reasons were directly prepared by Rousseau, but Kant resolve the contradictions in the attitude of the great “citizen of Geneva”.

Liberalism, Disfigured

Liberalism, Disfigured

Nothing to see here? Health Goth and the eclipse of hypercamouflage

Abstract Displacing the dialectical negativity of traditional or ‘kitsch’ Marxism, accelerationism names a contemporary heresy. The affirmative orientation of the movement seeks instead to strategically harness the capitalist mode of production, and the historical material conditions it has sired, to intensify, destabilize and ultimately exhaust the present neo-liberal deadlock. With its anti-nostalgic, putatively ‘transhuman’ embrace of technical sportswear, biotechnologies and digitally rendered environments, the recent ‘Health Goth’ phenomenon, which first emerged as an aesthetic and social trend centred around an Internet community in 2013, therefore, at first blush, appears quintessentially accelerationist. In the interview-essay that follows, however, we pose a series of questions to Chris Cantino, one of Health Goth’s chief instigators, in a bid to open up further, speculative appropriations of a movement that itself stems from practices of détournement. Whilst acknowledging that the movement may indeed be characterized in accelerationist terms, a characterization that would moreover resonate with Malcolm Gladwell’s notion of the ‘Tipping Point’ as social epidemic, particularly insofar as it is one so overtly enabled and stimulated by the spectacular affect of sportswear fashion, we propose that it nevertheless exceeds this first order of reception, chiefly by eclipsing the accelerationist concept of hypercamouflage.