Dialect Data Research Articles

Augmented dialectal speech recognition for AI-based neuropsychological scale assessment in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent and widespread neurodegenerative disorder among the older adult population worldwide. Among the numerous cognitive screening methods, neuropsychological scale assessments (NSA) are the widely utilized screening tools in clinical practice. The NSA places significant emphasis on speech-related questions, and thus the role of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology in AI-based NSA evaluations becomes particularly critical. However, the majority of ASR research pays limited attention to the study of speech recognition for various dialects. One of the primary reasons and main challenges for the scarcity of research in dialectal speech recognition is the limited availability of annotated dialectal data. Furthermore, the older adults’ unclear pronunciation leads to erroneous recognition of similar phonetic words by ASR. To overcome the challenges of limited annotated dialect data in various regions and the issues related to confusable pronunciation of older adults, we propose a dialectal collaborative encoder mechanism and a machine reading comprehension augmented model (MRCAM) that automatically corrects the texts in the NSA. The dialectal collaborative encoder mechanism utilizes layer frozenness to transfer recognition ability to the dialectal model. Meanwhile, the MRCAM model fills the gap by combining speech recognition algorithms with natural language processing (NLP) technology to recognize the dialects spoken by older adults. The experimental evaluation results indicate that the proposed augmented model achieves over 90% consistency with the physician’s judgment, providing the premise of the proposed methods for the task of automated screening for AD based on ASR.

DFNet: Decoupled Fusion Network for Dialectal Speech Recognition

Deep learning is often inadequate for achieving effective dialect recognition in situations where data are limited and model training is complex. Differences between Mandarin and dialects, such as the varied pronunciation variants and distinct linguistic features of dialects, often result in a significant decline in recognition performance. In addition, existing work often overlooks the similarities between Mandarin and its dialects and fails to leverage these connections to enhance recognition accuracy. To address these challenges, we propose the Decoupled Fusion Network (DFNet). This network extracts acoustic private and shared features of different languages through feature decoupling, which enhances adaptation to the uniqueness and similarity of these two speech patterns. In addition, we designed a heterogeneous information-weighted fusion module to effectively combine the decoupled Mandarin and dialect features. This strategy leverages the similarity between Mandarin and its dialects, enabling the sharing of multilingual information, and notably enhance the model’s recognition capabilities on low-resource dialect data. An evaluation of our method on the Henan and Guangdong datasets shows that the DFNet performance has improved by 2.64% and 2.68%, respectively. Additionally, a significant number of ablation comparison experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

Exploring advanced feature selection techniques: an application to dialectal Arabic data

Exploring advanced feature selection techniques: an application to dialectal Arabic data

Диалектные частицы башкирского языка: семантика и функции

This article is devoted to the functional-semantic description of particles of the Karaidel subdialect of the northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language. As examples, field materials and transcribed audio recordings of the author, collected during an expedition to the Karaidel region of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2022, 2023, were used in order to study the current state of dialect and analyze the morphological indicators of speakers’oral speech of this area. During the processing of field materials, the frequent use of various particles in the speech of informants was revealed, which convey an emotional attitude towards the events, incidents, state and actions of a particular subject or object under discussion. A comparative study of dialect forms with particles of the literary (written) Bashkir language made it possible to classify them in a semantic aspect. Since in colloquial speech specific dialect particles complement the meaning of a particular lexeme and thus their main function is to express an additional semantic connotation of the word. Based on their origin, particles of the Karaidel subdialect can be divided into original ones, dating back to the ancient Turkic state, and borrowed ones, which entered the Bashkir spoken language from the Russian language during centuries-old language contacts. It is noteworthy that some dialect particles of vernacular are observed in other Turkic languages (Kypchak, Oguz, Karluk, Siberian, etc. groups) and are not the literary norm of the Bashkir language. In addition, the article briefly examines the centuries-old history of the study of particles of the Bashkir language. The academic grammatical tradition, dating back to antiquity, considers particles according to the following meanings, which we have supplemented with new dialect materials: 1. Interrogative particles -мы, -ме, -мо, -мө. These particles of the Bashkir language are always written together. 2. The restrictive particles ғына, генә, ҡына, кенә distinguish this or that object or subject from others and are written separately. 3. Particles of doubt ҙар, -ҙыр, -ҙер, conveying uncertain assumptions, inaccuracy regarding an ongoing event, action, phenomenon, object. It should be noted that in the dialects of the northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language, particles of uncertainty and assumptions have only three variants -ҙар, -ҙыр, -ҙер, in contrast to the literary 4-variant affixation: -ҙар, -ҙер, -лар, -лер, -дар, -дәр, -тар, -тәр. 4. The particles of request -сана, -сәнә, -сы, -се, -со, -сө, әле, expressing exhortation, appear with verbs in the form of the imperative mood. The first two forms are used very rarely; mainly in dialects, requests are expressed in forms in , -сы, -се, -со, -сө and әле. 5. Particles of confirmation with a tinge of surprise and annoyance, expressing the emotional state of the speaker: ҙабаса, ҙәбәсә, даса, дәсә, даса(уы), дәсә(үы), дабаса, дәбәсә, табаса, тәбәсә, лабаса. 6. Intensifying particles уҡ, үк, иң, ныҡ, ҙа, ҙә, да, дә, та, тә, ла, лә enhance the meaning of the information expressed. The constant use of particles with the interdental voiced consonant ҙа, ҙә, conveying additional semantic shades to certain parts of speech, is a specific feature of the Karaidel dialect of the northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language and is observed only in the Bashkir language among other Turkic languages. 7. The next specific function word of this dialect is the affirmative dialect particle ҡый, кей in the meaning ‘after all; So; Yes’. So, dialectal data of the Bashkir language can serve as valuable material for comparative historical studies of Turkic languages, since the dialects of the Bashkir language have morphological facts for comparison with the languages of both the Kipchak and Bulgar, Oguz, Karluk and Siberian groups. Moreover, the dialects of the Bashkir language have many features that distinguish this language from other Turkic languages, so dialect materials can be a source of some important data for clarifying a number of questions on the history of the Turkic languages.

An In-depth Corpus-based Investigation of Unbound Reflexives

ABSTRACT This paper provides a comprehensive study of real-life uses of unbound reflexives (URs) in two syntactic structures, coordination and prepositional object structures, using a large amount of synchronic, diachronic, and dialectal corpus data from some Brigham Young University (BYU) corpora. Our findings show that 1) in contemporary American English, URs have different raw frequencies and proportion patterns in the two syntactic structures from anaphoric/cataphoric reflexives and also vary according to their person values; 2) the uses of URs in the two structures have shown decreasing tendencies for the past 200 years in American English; and 3) URs are more frequently used in Irish English than any other inner-circle variety of English in relation to anaphoric reflexives, which is more prominent in coordination structures than in prepositional object structures. Our findings also contribute to providing an empirical foundation for testing existing theories of URs and developing Binding Conditions in general.

How does linguistic diversity matter? The case of trade credit

Language, as an important cultural carrier and communication tool, plays an important role in commercial and trading activities. We provide a novel evidence on the impact of linguistic diversity on corporate trade credit by exploiting the data of Chinese dialects. Using a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2021, we find that there is a negative correlation between linguistic diversity and the usage of trade credit. The mechanism analysis shows that supplier concentration, formal legal environment and social trust help to overcome language barriers and reduce the risk of default, thus weakening the negative impact of linguistic diversity on trade credit. Moreover, developed financial systems will weaken the negative impact of linguistic diversity on trade credit. This study not only enriches our understanding about the determinants of trade credit from the perspective of language but also provides insights on the impact of language on corporate behavior.

전라남도 방언구획을 위한 계량적 연구방법 탐색 -레벤슈타인 거리와 음운 네트워크를 중심으로-

The purpose of our study is to divide the sub-dialects of Jeollanam-do using Levenshtein distance and network analysis. For the first time, we measured the Levenshtein distance on Korean dialect data, and constructed a phonological network which is based on this. Then, clustering analysis was performed to divide the sub-dialects of Jeollanam-do and compared them with the dialect division of Lee Ki-gap(1984, 1986). Through the Levenshtein distance measurement, the closest regions in Jeollanam-do were Yeong-am gunseo and Yeong-am Sijong, Yeong-am gunseo and Yeong-am Haksan, Yeong-am Sijong and Yeong-am Haksan, Wando Wansdo-eup and Wando Gogeum regions. But the farthest regions were Gwang-yang Jinwol and Jindo Imhui, Gwang-yang Jinwol and Jindo Jodo area. This distance was converted into network weights to construct a phonological network in Jeollanam-do. On the phonological network in the sub-dialect of Jeollanam-do, we measured the degree strength centrality, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality. The west of Jeollanam-do tended to be higher in terms of centrality, and the core area of sub-dialect division were judged to be Hampyeong and Yeong-am, and the most heterogeneous sub-dialect was Gwang-yang Jinwol. As a result of clustering analysis on the sub-dialects of Jeollanam-do, the sub-dialects of Jeollanam-do are largely divided into the east and the west, and the east was again divided into two areas, and the west was also divided into two areas. Interestingly, Boseong Ungchi is a unique sub-dialect region in the west, and appears to be a transitional area between the east and the west. This study will be meaningful in that it is the first study that uses Korean dialect phonological data and divide sub-dialects using a quantitative method-Levenshtein distance and network analysis.

The visualization of dialect data with VDM

Abstract Visualization of the results is the final and essential step in dialect data analysis. For geographically dispersed data such as dialect data, colorful maps have long been the standard of visualization. The focus is on polygon maps, which can be used to represent contiguous areas particularly well. The Dialectometric visualization of script data is quite similar to the visualization of data from dialect atlases. For this reason, the VDM application (Visual DialectoMetry) can be used for the analysis of text documents from the DocLing1 corpus with few modifications. After a short tour of the visualizations in VDM and an explanation of the data structure, the focus of this paper is on these modifications and the new features which are currently being added to VDM. This new version of VDM will be better suited for scripta data and will streamline the generation of maps for VDM.

Causeries scriptologiques posthumes avec Anthonij Dees : un rapide survol

Abstract This article examines two Old French corpora related to the Domaine d’Oïl (Northern France) from a dialectometric and scriptometric perspective, which go back to the Romance scholar Anthonij Dees (1928–2001). These are, on the one hand, his atlas of charters published in 1980 (digiDees 1980) and, on the other hand, an electronic corpus created in Salzburg as recently as 2006 (digiDees 1983). This is based on geolocalisation computations of Old French texts (from the 12th and 13th centuries), which, carried out by Dees in 1983, were only rediscovered by chance in Amsterdam in 2006 and subsequently transferred to Salzburg. In addition to these two medieval datasets, dialect data from the French linguistic atlas ALF (“Atlas linguistique de la France”, 1902–1910) are also analysed, which spatially align with the two medieval datasets. The dialectometric and scriptometric analyses carried out on these three electronic corpora aim primarily to compare the spatial depth structures found in them. For this purpose, the following dialectometric map types were examined: similarity maps, parameter maps and isoglottic syntheses. When comparing them, an astonishing similarity of the spatial profiles visible on them emerges. It should be noted, however, that a time span of 600 years lies between the Old French data analysed by Dees and those of the ALF. The spatial similarity of the depth structures found in them is therefore all the more striking.

(Re)cartographier la Galloromania médiévale : enjeux et perspectives quarante ans après l’Atlas de Dees

Abstract The article illustrates the data geolocalisation procedure used within the project Linguistic variation in the Middle Ages as a system. Basics of a new scriptural description of the Gallo-Romance language area. It starts with some general reflections on linguistic cartography, and in particular a comparison of the characteristics and editing methods of a linguistic atlas representing modern dialect data and one representing medieval scripta data. Afterwards, we discuss the concrete challenges and perspectives within the project itself, which aims at a new carthographic representation of medieval Galloromania forty years after Anthonij Dees’ famous Atlas des formes et des constructions des chartes françaises du 13e siècle. The focus is placed on the localisation of the basic corpus, which consists in attributing more than 6,000 documents spread over the entire Gallo-Romance domain to a concrete geographical territory, but where the exact location of individual documents often poses problems that can be solved only by considering a number of criteria.

Etymology of the Udmurt enimitive uk and grammaticalization of discourse particles

This paper deals with the etymology of the Udmurt enimitive marker uk. Contrary to the existing etymologies, which claim uk to be either a Chuvash or a Tatar borrowing, I claim that it was in fact grammaticalized from a tag question construction, which involves a negative verb and a question particle. This is supported by early written sources and dialectal data. Casting the net in a diachronically and geographically diverse variety of sources allows one to find traces of earlier grammaticalization stages that support my claim. Given that there are conceptually very similar enimitive constructions in the Samoyedic languages, negative interrogatives may prove to be an important grammaticalization source for the enimitive markers. Apart from uk, I examine several other cognate particles, which apparently were formed in a similar way.

Phonological metathesis phenomenon in the early speech of Arabic-speaking children

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the phonological metathesis phenomenon in the early speech of Arabic-speaking children. Based on analysis of a longitudinal data from 11 children's speech, the study mainly aims at investigating (1) the characteristics/nature of the phonological metathesis process in early child speech and (2) how it is different from adult phonological metathesis. The study explores the causes behind the metathesis phonological process in child speech.Design/methodology/approach This paper explored the phonological metathesis phenomenon based on a longitudinal study of 11 monolingual Arabic speakers of Yemeni-Ibbi Dialect (YIA) and cross-linguistic data from various languages.FindingsThe data analysis showed that metathesis phenomenon in child speech has several characteristics. It occurs at an early age, at 2 years and decreases with age. It was found that metathesis occurs mostly in disyllabic and trisyllabic words or more complex syllabic words, but metathesis rarely occurs in monosyllabic words in children's speech. The results indicated that unlike metathesis in adult speech, metathesis in children's speech occurs in undeliberate, slow, fast speech. The study explored that adjacency of sounds with similar phonological features, the ease of pronunciation, or the sonority effect are the motivations that trigger metathesis phenomenon to occur in child speech.Originality/valueIn the literature, the metathesis phonological process has got a little attention from researchers, and this is due to the rare cases of metathesis and the inconsistency of cases and the occurrence of metathesis. However, there is no consensus among the researchers about the causes of emergence and the occurrences behind the metathesis process. However, this study argues that the metathesis process has unique characteristics in child speech in comparison to adult speech and that there are some causes for metathesis to occur in human speech particularly in children's data such as adjacency of sounds with similar phonological features or sonority effect.

Cultural similarity of non-local independent directors and financial reporting quality

By manually collecting data on the birthplaces of independent directors of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2005 to 2019, we construct a cultural similarity index for non-local independent directors according to the dialect data and empirically test its impact on the financial reporting quality of listed companies. The results show that an increase in the cultural similarity of non-local independent directors is conducive to improving the financial reporting quality of the listed companies in which they serve. The mechanism analysis shows that cultural similarity can improve financial reporting quality by improving internal control quality and information disclosure quality. Our heterogeneity analysis shows that this effect is more pronounced when the listed company has a better external monitoring environment, the company is a non-state-owned enterprise, and the company is located in a region with a high degree of marketization. In addition, the robustness test results show that our conclusion is robust.

500 Years of Past Be in East Anglia: A Variationist Investigation

As it is widely known, the verb to be, in its different tense, person and number forms, is the most frequently used verb in both written and oral English. Additionally, at least in Standard English, it is the most irregular verb, with many different forms. However, this degree of irregularity is not universal across the English-speaking world—more regularised patterns are found in a number of non-standard varieties. Despite much empirical investigation in the variationist literature on past BE, and despite the considerable corpus of work examining East Anglian English, especially by Peter Trudgill (e.g. 2021), there has, as yet, been no variationist investigations of past BE from the core heartland of linguistic East Anglia. In this paper, we try to address this by examining datasets from East Anglia that are half a millennium apart. We begin with a historical sociolinguistic study of past BE forms in the Late Middle English stages of the history of English by observing, detecting, quantifying and analysing their presence in one of the most important linguistic corpora of the period: the Internet electronic edition of the (East Anglian) Paston Letters from the Virginia University Electronic Text Center. We then, much nearer to the present-day, scrutinise a more contemporary corpus of East Anglian English for variable patterns of past BE, namely Peter Trudgill’s own corpus of sociolinguistic interviews from Norwich in the 1960s (see Trudgill, 1974). While the data are (understandably) of very different kinds, our analysis enables us to broaden our understanding of past BE variability, both diachronically and synchronically, by adding East Anglia to the map.

As pessoas, a quasi-pronominal human impersonal construction in European Portuguese?

The grammaticalization of nouns meaning ‘man’ or ‘person’ into impersonal pronouns is a well-documented phenomenon found across the world. In Europe, such impersonal pronouns are characteristic of languages with obligatory subject expression like Germanic languages and French (Siewierska, 2011). However, European (EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) also display impersonal uses of noun phrases with the lexeme pessoa ‘person’ as recently discussed by Posio (2017, 2021) and Amaral and Mihatsch (2019, forthcoming). The present paper analyses the use of the plural form as pessoas ‘the people’ in a sociolinguistic interview corpus of spoken EP, comparing it with similar data from Peninsular Spanish (Fernández Juncal, 2005) and with dialectal data from the CORDIAL-SIN corpus (Martins, 2000–). In terms of frequency, as pessoas occurs over 30 times per 10,000 words in the EP interview data, in contrast to just over 3 occurrences in the CORDIAL-SIN and less than one occurrence of the cognate las personas in the Spanish data. In addition to discussing the high token frequency and other properties associated with grammaticalization, the paper examines the referential and quantificational properties of a gente and explores the hypothesis that as pessoas might be a sociolinguistically conditioned alternative for the impersonal pronoun a gente ‘people; us’, considered ‘popular’ in normative EP. However, this hypothesis is not supported by the data: while sociolinguistic factors do affect the frequency of use of a gente and as pessoas, the two forms are functionally different in that a gente typically includes the speaker in its referential range and as pessoas implies a speaker-exclusive reading.  

Cultural barriers in China's corporate loans

This study uses listed companies and dialect data to examine how dialect diversity affects corporate unsecured loans. Through our analysis, we find that dialect diversity significantly reduces corporate unsecured loans. Mechanism analyses show that language barriers and social trust are external environmental mechanisms, while corporate transparency and overdue are internal mechanisms. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that corporate risk and asset intensity can increase the negative effect of dialect diversity. In addition, the effect of dialect diversity is only significant in groups with low financial development, low marketization, and high market segmentation. Furthermore, the negative effects of dialect diversity on corporate unsecured loans ultimately increase the burden on enterprises and their financial expense ratios. We provide a new perspective on the determinants of corporate collateral. Suggestions to reduce corporate unsecured loan constraints are provided at the end of this paper.

МІСЯЦЬ В УЯВЛЕННЯХ І ВІРУВАННЯХ НОСІЇВ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ СХІДНОСТЕПОВИХ ГОВІРОК

Based on the data of eastern-steppe dialects the article researches the role of the moon in the beliefs of the Ukrainian people. In the extensive comments of the interviewees, we recorded signs, beliefs, spells, customs, etc., associated with the stay of the heavenly body in different phases. Semes were analyzed to the designation of the Moon, the closest celestial body to the Earth, the satellite of the Earth shining with reflected sunlight, its phases, the parts of the crescent, and the time when the moon is visible by the glow of the moon. Сonfirmed omens that portend good or bad weather, frost, and even the beginning of a war, can be traced by the location of a conditional bucket on the tips of the Moon. One-component lexemes are identified: polukoаlItso, naroаsItaniie, ubyIvan'iie, rosIte and a variant of rasItot), prybuIvaie, ubuIva and a variant of ubuIvaie), uIkhodit, ushcherIbyvsa, etc. and multi-component units: Iphazy Imisatsa, na molodyIka, na sIpovni, na ushIcherblen:a another variant na Iushcherb), na Iubyl, na spadt, try Ichetverti, yaIkyĭ ubuIvaie Ianother option ubyIvaie), veyIlyka luIna, rasItushchyĭ Imisats Ianother variant rosItushcha luIna, rasItushcha luIna, rosItushchyĭ Imisats, rosItushchiĭ Imisats, rosItuchyĭ Imisats, roasItushchyĭ Imisats), spaIdaiuchyĭ Imisats, shcherIbatyĭ Imisats, Iduzhe vazhshIkyi Imisats, prybuIvayuchyĭ Imisats, narosItayushcha luIna ecton the designation of the Moon and its phases, comparison Imisats yak mlyInove Ikoleso about the full Moon). The properties and qualities of the young, growing, full, and waning Moon were presented in detail. Most often, among all phases in the dialect speakers’ comments was a new moon, because during this period the Moon has a healing power that helps in the treatment of teeth, fright in a child, enuresis, removal of warts, meeting a good partner, improving the financial situation in the family, etc. Also, on the new moon, customs are observed regarding the need to start new things, plant a vegetable garden, and plan self-care-related actions. Unlike the young moon, the full moon often has a negative effect on a person, because it can cause insomnia or other diseases. It emphasizes the need to cover the windows at night to avoid the moonlight falling on a person during sleep. In the analyzed area, with the help of a metaphorical image, the Moon appears in the form of a living being: umyIvayits':a oItak, Ivyishov Imisats Iz-za khmar), kaIzaly / moloIdyk naroIdyvsia, kaIzaly / Imisats naroIdyvsia etc. Semes were analyzed to the designation of the Moon, the closest celestial body to the Earth, the satellite of the Earth shining with reflected sunlight, its phases, the parts of the crescent, and the time when the moon is visible by the glow of the moon. Сonfirmed omens that portend good or bad weather, frost, and even the beginning of a war, can be traced by the location of a conditional bucket on the tips of the Moon. One-component lexemes are identified: polukoаlïtso, naroаsïtaniie, ubyïvan'iie, rosïte (and a variant of rasïtot), prybuïvaie, ubuïva (and a variant of ubuïvaie), uïkhodit, ushcherïbyvsa, etc. and multi-component units: ïphazy ïmisatsa, na molodyïka, na sïpovni, na ushïcherblen:a (another variant na ïushcherb), na ïubyl, na spadt, try ïchetverti, yaïkyĭ ubuïvaie (another option ubyïvaie), veyïlyka luïna, rasïtushchyĭ ïmisats (another variant rosïtushcha luïna, rasïtushcha luïna, rosïtushchyĭ ïmisats, rosïtushchiĭ ïmisats, rosïtuchyĭ ïmisats, roasïtushchyĭ ïmisats), spaïdaiuchyĭ ïmisats, shcherïbatyĭ ïmisats, ïduzhe vazhshïkyi ïmisats, prybuïvayuchyĭ ïmisats, narosïtayushcha luïna ecton the designation of the Moon and its phases, comparison ïmisats yak mlyïnove ïkoleso (about the full Moon). The properties and qualities of the young, growing, full, and waning Moon were presented in detail. Most often, among all phases in the dialect speakers’ comments was a new moon, because during this period the Moon has a healing power that helps in the treatment of teeth, fright in a child, enuresis, removal of warts, meeting a good partner, improving the financial situation in the family, etc. Also, on the new moon, customs are observed regarding the need to start new things, plant a vegetable garden, and plan self-care-related actions. Unlike the young moon, the full moon often has a negative effect on a person, because it can cause insomnia or other diseases. It emphasizes the need to cover the windows at night to avoid the moonlight falling on a person during sleep. In the analyzed area, with the help of a metaphorical image, the Moon appears in the form of a living being: umyïvayits':a oïtak, ïvyishov ïmisats (z-za khmar), kaïzaly / moloïdyk naroïdyvsia, kaïzaly / ïmisats naroïdyvsia etc.

Computational tools development for the dialectal and lexicographical data processing

Resumo Este trabalho situa-se na intersecção da Linguística de Corpus (O’KEEFFE; MCCARTHY, 2010); Linguística Computacional (KEDIA; RASU, 2020; SRINIVASA-DESIKAN, 2018; MANNING, 2008; MANNING; SCHUTZE, 1999; CHOMSKY, 1965); Dialetologia (CARDOSO, 2010; RADTKE; THUN, 1996; CHAMBERS; TRUDGILL, 1994) e Lexicografia (TARP, 2008, 2011, 2015; FUERTES-OLIVEIRA; BERGENHOLTZ, 2015; LEROYER, 2011). Tem-se como objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de ferramentas computacionais capazes de processar dados de natureza dialetal e lexicográfica a partir de uma metodologia que dispensa a contratação de serviços de programação, convidando o pesquisador a estudar os recursos informáticos necessários para realizar a manipulação automática de informações em um banco de dados. Para tanto, o corpus utilizado foi o do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (COMITÊ NACIONAL DO PROJETO ALIB, 2001), relativo aos municípios do interior, da rede de pontos do ALiB, na região Norte do país. A construção desses pequenos programas foi motivada, principalmente, por duas razões: i) fornecer tratamento lexicográfico e eletrônico aos dados dialetais do ALiB; ii) desenvolver as próprias ferramentas computacionais para atender aos objetivos da pesquisa de Doutorado em andamento à qual este artigo se vincula. Desse modo, um banco de dados em Extensible Markup Language (XML) foi construído para armazenar as informações dialetais em formato lexicográfico e, a partir da execução de linhas de código, foi possível recuperar dados específicos do corpus de maneira eletrônica, além de filtrar os resultados a partir das variantes ‘sexo’, ‘idade’ e ‘localidade’, presentes nos dados do corpus do ALiB.

Геоинформационный веб-ресурс «Диалектный корпус бурятского языка»

The study aims to provide open access to structured and annotated sound data of the dialect corpus of the Buryat language. It was decided to present the corpus on the Web in the form of a geoinformation system with data binding to a digital map, since the territorial principle plays one of the leading roles in the classification of Buryat dialects. First, the programme of the speech corpus was compiled and sound recordings performed by informants - speakers of the dialects were obtained. The recorded material was segmented and annotated in the ELAN programme. The next step was to develop a programme that allows transferring data from ELAN format files to a relational database. To present data on the Internet, a web application was developed in the form of an interactive digital map based on Google Maps Platform. As a result, a web resource was created that provides users with access to audio dialect data presented in an annotated and structured form and displayed according to the geographic principle. Scientific novelty lies in introducing into scientific and public use materials of a fundamentally new type that make it possible to obtain information about the modern sound of Buryat dialects, as well as to conduct research on modern Buryat dialect speech.

A határ mint divergáló tényező az al-dunai székely települések nyelvét illetően

In 1883 South Banat belonged in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, within this it belonged in the historical Hungary. In that year more than 3000 Székelys of Bukovina were settled there, then Székelykeve, Sándoregyháza and Hertelendyfalva settlements came into being by the Lower Danube. (Ancestors of Székelys of Bukovina were those refugees who escaped into Moldva after the hecatomb of Madéfalva, then they went to Bukovina and lived there in 5 villages: Istensegíts, Fogadjisten, Hadikfalva, Józseffalva, Andrásfalva.) In 1918 the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed from the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, and after the Treaty of Trianon Székelys of the Lower Danube became the citizens of a new state. Past other historical events these days this territory belongs to Republic of Serbia. Originally in Sándoregyháza (Ivanovo) besides the Székelys also Germans and Bulgarians lived, in Székelykeve (Skorenovac) Székelys, other Hungarians from several settlements, Germans and Bulgarians, and in Hertelendyfalva (Vojlovica, today it is part of Pančevo city) Székelys, Germans and Slovakians lived. However, after the Second World War these Germans were relocated. Starting from the 1960s some residents of these settlements left the country (they moved mainly to Western Europe, but Australia too), moreover also the vicinal cities offered workplaces and a new home for them. This paper deals with the data related to the language of Székelys of these settlements by Lower Danube. First base of this examination is the separation after Treaty of Trianon, it has caused several language changes. In Hertelendyfalva Olga Penavin and her team mates started to collect dialectal and other linguistic data already in the 1950s, then they published some papers about the other two settlements too. From their papers of the 1970s and 1980s we know not only about the influence of the more prestigious version of Hungarian, but also the influence of the state language. We can set this Hungarian language originated from Bukovina against the language of the other Székely groups. So we can speak about the frontier as a diverging factor in connection with the language of their groups of Romania and of Hungary too. In these days language of Hungarians living in minority is primarily influenced by the given state language, so the language of Hungarians of Romania and Serbia too. In this paper I examine the linguistic data referring to the three settlements of Lower Danube. These data present the influence of the state language and differ from the language of other groups of Székelys of Bukovina.