Diagram Approach Research Articles

Propose design of smart clothesline with the tree diagram approach analysis and quality function deployment method for indonesia weather

Tropical countries such as Indonesia have uncertain rainfall levels every year. This requires an innovation in technology. One example is innovation in design of clothesline in accordance with the conditions of society and the seasons that exist in Indonesia. During the rainy season, the majority of people feel anxious when hanging clothes. This is because they are afraid that if they are not at home and it rains their clothes will get wet. People, therefore, are unwilling to hang their clothes in an exposed place. Whilst, current electric clothesline are a solution, they need more power and therefore cost a lot to operate. This has an impact on the household economy. The aim of this research is to understand consumer desire for a model or design of a clothesline that will be developed with tree diagram analysis and a QFD Method (Quality Function Deployment).The outcome of this research is priority and attribute of product that will be used to design based on customer demand, among other precentage of feature “additional rain sensor on clothesline” is 21.518 %, attribute “structure of material not easy bend and break” is 12.971 %, and main priority is “Clothes dryer are easily removed and can be folded “with a value of 8.544%.

Temperature-affected microstructural stability of coherent cuboidal B2 particles in precipitation-strengthened body-centered-cubic Al0.7CoCr2FeNi high-entropy alloy

This present work investigated the temperature-affected microstructural stability of coherent cuboidal B2 nanoprecipitates in the body-centered-cubic (BCC)-based Al0.7CoCr2FeNi high-entropy alloy with temperature. Alloy specimens were prepared by suction-cast processing and then heat-treated at different temperatures of 673–1273 K for 2 h, respectively. It was found that this coherent microstructure with cuboidal B2 nanoprecipitates in BCC matrix can be maintained up to a high temperature of 873 K with an average particle size of 100–120 nm. Even after heat treatment at 773 K for 1080 h, the cuboidal B2 nanoprecipitates are still stabilized without any coarsening. Further increasing temperature (973 K ≤ T ≤ 1173 K), the B2 particles were coarsened obviously and the σ phase became dominant gradually that leads to a heavy brittleness. Besides, the face-centered-cubic phase appeared after treatment at a higher temperature of 1173 K, resulting in a softening of alloy. Moreover, the calculation of phase diagrams approach also demonstrated the microstructural evolution derived from experimental results. In addition, high strength caused by cuboidal B2 particles in as-cast and heat-treated alloy specimens (compressive yield strength, σy = 1727–2190 MPa) was discussed with the precipitation strengthening mechanism.

Update of thermodynamic descriptions of the binary Al-Sn and ternary Mg-Al-Sn systems

In this paper, the thermodynamic descriptions of the binary Al-Sn and ternary Mg-Al-Sn systems were updated by using the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) approach. For the Al-Sn sub-binary system, the solubility of Sn in (Al)fcc, which was ignored in the previous assessment, together with the recently experimental enthalpies of mixing in the liquid phase were taken into account. The calculated phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties in the binary Al-Sn system showed better agreement with more experimental information than those in the previous assessment. As for the Mg-Al-Sn ternary system, the newly updated thermodynamic descriptions of the Al-Sn system as well as those of the Mg-Al and Mg-Sn binary systems from the literature were adopted. A set of reliable and self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Mg-Al-Sn ternary system were obtained by reassessing the thermodynaic parameters of the liquid and solid solutions. Better agreement between the calculated results and the experimental data was achieved in the present assessent in comparison with the previous one. Furthermore, the Scheil-Gulliver solidification simulations were performed to predict the volume fractions of Mg2Sn, (Mg)hcp and γ (Mg17Al12) phases in the 9 as-cast Mg-Al-Sn alloys. The simulation results were compared with the experiental as-cast microstructures in the literature, which further validated the presently obtained thermodynamic descriptions.

Atomic mobilities and diffusivities in fcc Co–X (X = Mn, Pt and Re) alloys

The atomic mobilities of Co, Mn, Pt and Re in face-centered cubic (fcc) Co–X ( X = Mn, Pt and Re) alloys have been assessed as a function of temperature and composition by CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) approach. To validate the literature data and provide new experimental data, we prepared two fcc Co–Mn diffusion couples, which were used to determine the composition-dependent inter-diffusivities at 1073 and 1273 K. Based on various kinds of experimental diffusivities available in the literature and the experimental results in this work, the atomic mobilities in fcc Co–X (X = Mn, Pt and Re) alloys were obtained. Comprehensive comparisons between the calculated and measured diffusivities show that most of the experimental data can be well reproduced by the presently obtained atomic mobilities.

Diagrammatic approach to nonlinear optical response with application to Weyl semimetals

Nonlinear optical responses are a crucial probe of physical systems including periodic solids. In the absence of electron-electron interactions, they are calculable with standard perturbation theory starting from the band structure of Bloch electrons, but the resulting formulas are often large and unwieldy, involving many energy denominators from intermediate states. This work gives a Feynman diagram approach to calculating non-linear responses. This diagrammatic method is a systematic way to perform perturbation theory, which often offers shorter derivations and also provides a natural interpretation of nonlinear responses in terms of physical processes. Applying this method to second-order responses concisely reproduces formulas for the second-harmonic, shift current. We then apply this method to third-order responses and derive formulas for third-harmonic generation and self-focusing of light, which can be directly applied to tight-binding models. Third-order responses in the semiclasscial regime include a Berry curvature quadrupole term, whose importance is discussed including symmetry considerations and when the Berry curvature quadrupole becomes the leading contribution. The method is applied to compute third-order optical responses for a model Weyl semimetal, where we find a new topological contribution that diverges in a clean material, as well as resonances with a peculiar linear character.

MODEL INDIKATOR KINERJA PROYEK PADA SEKTOR BANGUNAN PERUMAHAN BERTINGKAT TINGGI REGIONAL D.K.I. JAKARTA

Successful projects require an increase in project performance to maintain development aesthetics and productivity. Civil Engineer needs to know the indicators in improving project performance. The research aims to identify key performance indicators that include quality, cost, and time criteria in the contractor's perspective and models of indicators that have a significant influence on the project of regional high-rise residential using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) - Partial Least methods Square (PLS). The study was used a questionnaire survey. Questionnaires containing performance indicators were developed using a fishbone diagram approach and verified through interviews with experts in construction projects. The result used to determine the level of importance of indicators with the SEM-PLS method. The results show 40 performance indicators identified in the study. All indicators are grouped in 5 criteria, namely: Human Resources, equipment, material, work methods, and finance. The results of the SmartPLS calculation show a model with 18 main indicators that have an influence on project performance on the criteria of cost, quality and time. Three indicators with the highest level of influence are Training of workers on a regular basis, Complying with K3 when working in the field, and Multi-level supervision according to the project organizational structure.

FISHBONE ANALYSIS METHOD OF COMMUNICATION HANDOVER IN THE EMERGENCY INSTALLATION IN JAKARTA ARMY HOSPITAL

Background: The handover and transfer of identification often experience a weakness in its implementation and become global problems at the hospital.Objective: This paper focuses on the cause of less optimal implementation of Identification Situation Background Assessment Recommendation (ISBAR) method when conducting handover of nurses among shifts at Army Hospital in Jakarta. Methods: This study employed situation study analysis with a fishbone diagram approach that includes 5M and 1E.Literature review and analysis were utilized to produce recommendation for improving the quality of the ISBAR method implementation when conducting handover of nurses among shifts. Data were obtained from the existing-secondary data, previous research data and data sources from Jakarta Military Hospitals.
 Results: Data were analyzed using fishbone, data obtained for the cause was not optimal ISBAR method when nursing handover between shifts. causes the problems identified can be prioritized are no tools monitoring evaluation, there is no definitive monitoring evaluation team, monitoring evaluation implementation of nurse handover within shift, hospital has not been a paperback book about ISBAR, components in the handover format not optimal, and the nurse has not been understood properly ISBAR method.
 Conclusion: The research result reveals six causes of the problem. They are: (1) the absence of evaluation monitoring tools, (2) the absence of definite evaluation monitoring team, (3) non optimal handover evaluation monitoring of nurses among shifts,(4) the absence of a pocket book on ISBAR delivery method, (5) non optimal components in the handover format, and (6) nurses’ inability to conduct ISBAR method correctly.Recommendation: propose the ISBAR method of monitoring and evaluating the handover of nurses between shifts, the establishment of an ISBAR method evaluation monitoring team to hand over nurses between shifts, a draft evaluation monitoring tool, making a pocket book about the ISBAR method, the ISBAR component in the nurse handover format, and provide education and roleplay of the ISBAR method when handover of nurses between shifts

Heat stability of whey protein ingredients based on state diagrams

A state diagram approach was used to compare heat stability among whey protein ingredients. Solutions were thermal processed and solubility, turbidity, and colloidal structure (sol, precipitate, or gel) were plotted against the variables of pH (3–7) and protein concentration (1–10%, w/w) to form state diagrams. Each of the whey protein ingredients produced state diagrams with unique patterns in the protein concentrations associated with colloidal structures and in heat stability regions. Relative heat stability among ingredients depended on the pH-thermal processing combination, in that patterns observed at pH ≤ 4.5 were not equivalent to patterns produced at pH > 4.5. Heating at temperatures of <100 °C for extended time did not produce the same results as heating at > 100 °C for short times. State diagrams were able to differentiate among the whey protein ingredients, but absolute values were determined by the heating treatment.

Thermodynamic re-assessment of the Al-Sn-Zn ternary system

In this paper, a thermodynamic re-assessment of the Al-Sn-Zn ternary system was performed by means of the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) approach. The thermodynamic descriptions of the binary Al-Sn, Al-Zn, and Sn-Zn systems from the literature were directly adopted, and the newly reported experimental phase equilibria, enthalpies of mixing, and activities of Al in the ternary liquid phase were taken into account. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system were finally obtained. A comprehensive comparison between the presently calculated phase equilibria/thermodynamic properties and the experimental data indicates that the present thermodynamic descriptions of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system show very good agreement with most of the experimental data. The further direct comparison with the calculated results due to the previous assessment demonstrates that a significant improvement was achieved by the present assessment though fewer ternary interaction parameters were utilized.

Evolution of Tourism in Natural Destinations and Dynamic Sustainable Thresholds over Time

Tourism is a complex industry involving numerous types of activities that can have adverse environmental impacts and, over time, gradually change the way tourists experience tourist destinations and their choice of particular tourist destinations. The overall aim of this study is to examine the impact of tourism destination exploitation upon the perceived attractiveness of a particular destination to different types of visitors using the Purism Scale coupled to the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC). The study uses the system dynamics Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) approach, to analyse feedback loop behaviour and causal loop impacts over time. The results show that the different visitors’ types, as defined by the Purist Scale, affect the attractiveness of the tourist destination in different ways over time. The results further show that different visitors’ types cannot exist at their own optimum level at the same time in a destination. The concept tourism carrying capacity should thus be defined through the maximum site attractiveness,-based upon the optimum size of infrastructure that ensures low visual effect, low crowding effect, and low environmental impact. This enables better understanding of the different evolution phases of the tourist site during its push for infrastructure development.

OPTIMASI DIAGRAM LAYANAN PEMBELIAN DALAM MENDUKUNG MANAJEMEN HUBUNGAN PELANGGAN

The research purpose is implementing the information communication technology (ICT) as a tool to describe purchase service process to make easy the information communication technology usage and also supporting customer relationship management (CRM). The research is also describing how to improve the advantage of efficiency, effectives, performance as well as company productivity improvement to obtained supporting customer relationship management (CRM). This research uses descriptive analytical by presenting a summary of interviews, using observation, and discuss with expert respondent using focus group discussion, literature review as well as using flowchart diagram, entity relationship diagram (ERD) and data flow diagram (DFD). The information communication technology (ICT) usage in this research by using short messages service (SMS) and design tools application in the form of a flowchart diagram, entity relationship diagram (ERD) and data flow diagram (DFD) approach used in this research were able to solve the purchase service problem and provide the best information result and computerized.

Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in veterinarians in Finland: Older age, living in the countryside, tasting beef during cooking and not doing small animal practice associated with seropositivity.

Practising veterinary medicine has an inherent risk of exposure to zoonotic agents, including the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. We screened sera of veterinarians authorized to work in Finland for the presence of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against T.gondii with an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, and evaluated potential risk factors for T.gondii seropositivity from extensive questionnaire data with almost 1,300 quantitative variables. We used a causal diagram approach to address the complexity of the life cycle of the parasite and its numerous possible transmission routes, and built a multivariable binomial logistic regression model to identify risk factors that are particularly relevant for veterinarians. The samples and questionnaire data were collected in 2009. Altogether, 294 veterinarians, almost 15% of the Finnish veterinary profession, were included in the study. The median age was 39years, and the majority, 86%, were women. Altogether, 43 (14.6%; 95% confidence interval: 10.9-19.0) of the 294 veterinarians tested seropositive for T.gondii. According to the final model, veterinarians who were at least 40years old had 2.4 times higher odds to be seropositive than younger veterinarians; veterinarians who lived in the countryside had 4.0 times higher odds to be seropositive than veterinarians who lived in towns; female veterinarians who tasted beef during cooking had 2.6 times higher odds to be seropositive than male veterinarians who did not taste beef during cooking; and veterinarians who did not do small animal practice had 2.3 times higher odds to be seropositive than those who did. The results illustrate the numerous transmission routes of T.gondii.

CFOA based low pass and high pass fractional step filter realizations

This contribution puts forward a new proposal for Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA) based Low pass (LP) and High Pass (HP) Fractional Step Filters (FSFs). The proposed filters are designed by approximating the fractional Laplacian operator by an appropriate integer order transfer function. Subsequently, functional block diagram (FBD) approach is used for CFOA based realization of LP and HP FSFs of order (1 + α). Higher order FSFs are realized by cascading FSF of order (1 + α) with higher integer order filters. To illustrate this, CFOA based LP (HP) FSFs of order (5 + α) are obtained by cascading LP (HP) FSFs of order (1 + α) with proposed leapfrog realization of 4th order LP (HP) filter. The proposal is verified through SPICE simulations and experimentation. Stability, sensitivity and non-ideal analyses are also included.

Business model innovation influencing factors: an integrative literature review

Highlights: Proposal to integrate the Business Model Innovation (BMI) influencing factors in a single framework. Twelve BMI influencing factors found through an integrative literature review. Factors grouped through an affinity diagram to design the framework architecture, containing four categories. The study highlights the importance for companies to consider the interrelationship between the influence factors to be successful in their BMI initiatives.&#x0D; Goal: This paper aims to provide an integrated framework that comprises influence factors for business model innovation, and describe them by exploring the linkages between different factors.&#x0D; Design / Methodology / Approach: an integrative literature review was conducted using PRISMA work flow to manage this kind of methodology.&#x0D; Results: This work finds 12 main potential influence factors for business model innovation. All factors have been grouped into four different categories, using the affinity diagram approach. &#x0D; Limitations of the investigation: Business model innovation is a recent research topic, and not all its influence factors are agreed upon. Despite the importance of grouping, those already described in a single framework, there may be other relevant factors not mapped.&#x0D; Originality / Value: Despite the existence of bibliographic material on specific influencing factors, there is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study that integrates all the explored factors. This work contributes to literature by integrating the diverse factors into a single framework.&#x0D; Practical implications: It contributes to practice, enticing managers to reflect on their own environment, and on the possible paths to follow for succeeding with its business model innovations efforts.

Effects of molecular complexation on phase equilibria in mixtures of urea/polyethylene glycol derivatives and electrochemical performance of urethane based polymer electrolyte membranes for solid-state lithium ion battery

Phase diagram approach has been extended to the determination of phase diagram of a binary pair of urea with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to providence guidance to the formulation window of isotropic polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) with emphasis on the electrochemical performance. Effect of molecular weight of PEG on solid-liquid phase diagrams of its mixtures with urea has been demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. The observed change of eutectic, immiscibility loop, azeotrope type phase diagrams with increasing PEG molecular weight (or decreasing chain-ends) has been analyzed in the context of the combined Flory-Huggins (FH) theory of liquid-liquid demixing and phase field (PF) theory of crystal solidification. This rich phase behavior has been captured via the variation of crystalline-crystalline interaction strength of the combined FH-PF free energies. Subsequently, the phase diagram of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/urea was constructed in the framework of the aforementioned FH-PF theory. The incorporation of urea not only dissociates lithium cation from its salt, but also enhances the ionic conductivity of urea-modified polymer electrolytes dramatically. However, small molecule hydrophilic urea was found to be electrochemically unstable in the charge/discharge cycling test. To alleviate such shortcoming, urea (or urethane) linkage was imparted into the network chains by synthesizing PEG-bis(carbamate dimethacrylate) (PEGBCDMA) and subsequently photopolymerizing in the presence of SCN plasticizer and LiTFSI salt to afford the ion conductive PEM network. The as-synthesized PEGBCDMA based PEM consisting of PEGBCDMA/SCN/LiTFSI (20/40/40 ratio by weight) turned out to be completely amorphous and transparent before and after photo-crosslinking. The incorporation of urethane linkages in the PEM network exhibited enhanced ionic conductivity, improved thermal stability, and superior tensile properties with improved capacity retention during charge/discharge cycling, suggesting potentials for application in solid-state lithium ion battery.

In Silico Screening and Design of Coating Materials for PEMFC Bipolar Plates

Methods used to design coating materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are unsystematic and time-consuming because current materials research relies on scientific intuition and trial and error experimentation. In this study, a feasible and more efficient scheme of screening and designing coating materials is established based on density function theory (DFT) utilizing the fast-growing computing capacity. The scheme consists of four steps: Elements selection by calculation of Pilling–Bedworth ratio and electrical resistivity, corrosion resistance assessment leveraging the Pourbaix diagram approach, running BoltzTrap code to calculate electrical conductivity ( σ / τ ), and interface binding strength evaluation by calculation of separation work. According to the calculation results, TiCo and TiCo3 are proposed to be the two most promising candidates because of relatively better properties required by harsh working environment of PEMFC. The high-throughput screening strategy established in this study makes the ideal of rapidly evaluating hundreds of thousands of possible coating materials candidates into reality and helps to indicate the direction of further synthesis efforts.

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Ag-Se System Aided by First-Principles Calculations

The substitution of Ag for Cu in CuInxGa1−xSe2-based photovoltaic absorber layers can be used to adjust the bandgap energy to better optimize the overall cell efficiency. Based on available thermochemical, equilibrium, and structural data, the Ag-Se system has been assessed and modeled. Given the order-disorder structure transition Ag2Se, the 2- and 3-sublattice models were used to represent the low- and high-temperature phases of the intermetallic compound respectively. Density functional theory based first-principles calculations were used to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation of the end-member compounds. A set of modeling parameters was obtained by the CALculation of PHAse Diagram approach and reasonable agreement was obtained between the experimental thermodynamic properties of the stable phases and the phase relationships in the Ag-Se system.

Thermodynamic description for the NaF-KF-RbF-ZnF2 system

Thermodynamic evaluations and optimizations of the NaF-ZnF2, KF-ZnF2, RbF-ZnF2, NaF-RbF and KF-RbF systems were determined by use of the CAlculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach in this work. The subregular solution model was applied to model liquid phase, while the stoichiometric compound model was used to describe the intermediate phases. All the model parameters were evaluated on the basis of the required thermochemical and phase equilibrium data from experimental measurements in literature and theoretical predictions from first-principles method. A set of self-consistent and reliable thermodynamic database for the NaF-KF-RbF-ZnF2 quaternary system was finally derived by merging the model parameters of relevant binary systems (model parameters of NaF-KF were adopted from the literature) based upon the Muggianu extrapolation model. The invariant reactions of ternary systems from NaF-KF-RbF-ZnF2 were obtained according to the database. This work will provide beneficial instructions in the relevant multi-components molten salt design in industrial fields.

A computational approach based on a multiaxial fatigue criterion combining phase transformation and shakedown response for the fatigue life assessment of Nitinol stents

Self-expanding stents made of Nitinol, a Nickel–Titanium shape memory alloy, are used in standard medical implants for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the increasing success, clinical studies have reported stent failure after the deployment in the human body, thus undermining patient’s safety and life. This study aims to fill the gap of reliable assessment of the fatigue life of Nitinol stents. We propose a global computational design method for preclinical validation of Nitinol stents, which can be extended to patient-specific computations. The proposed methodology is composed of a mechanical finite element analysis and a fatigue analysis. The latter analysis is based on a novel multiaxial fatigue criterion of the Dang Van type, combining the shakedown response of the stent and the complexity of phase transformation taking place within the material. The method is implemented in the case of a carotid artery stent. The implant configuration as well as the applied cyclic loading are shown to affect material phase evolution as well as stent lifetime. The comparison with the results obtained by applying a strain-based constant-life diagram approach allows to critically discuss both fatigue criteria and to provide useful recommendations about their applicability.

A ternary–3D analysis of the optical properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon–rich carbide

Abstract We introduce a novel method for the analysis of the dependence of the optical parameters of Hydrogenated Silicon–rich Carbide (SRC:H) on the alloy composition by using a ternary–3D diagram. The SRC:H samples were fabricated using the very high frequency (VHF) plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique. The composition is given as Si%+C%+H% = 100, with the carbon fraction Cf = C%/(C%+Si%) varying between 0.18 and 0.72. The actual composition was determined by Rutherford Back Scattering analysis. The optical constants are determined by means of Reflectance and Transmittance UV–visible spectroscopy, and are modelled by means of the Jellison–Tauc–Lorentz–with Gaussian Band Tail model. The unique properties of the ternary–3D diagram give unexpected insight on the origin of the dependence of optical properties on composition. It is shown that the wavelength position of the Lorentz oscillator is governed by Cf with virtually no influence of H%. Conversely, the refractive index is strongly affected by H%, besides Cf. We show that using the ternary–3D diagram approach it is possible to separate the contributions of the different components, and derive the analytical dependence between optical parameters and composition. In the second part of the paper such findings are used for a reversed analysis, that is, we employ the obtained analytical formulations in order to retrieve the SRC:H composition within better than ±4% absolute error for all components.