Diagnostics Of Changes Research Articles

Comparison of Radial Ply and Cross Ply Tire in Terms of Achieved Rolling Resistance and Soil Compaction in a Soil Test Channel

Many literature sources state that radial ply tires achieve lower rolling resistance values than cross ply tires. From a certain point of view, radial ply tires are gentler on the ground than cross ply tires. The effort was therefore to experimentally verify this statement for two radial ply and cross ply tires similar in shape and size. The work deals with the diagnostics of rolling resistance levels achieved by radial ply and cross ply tires on selected forest soil under the laboratory conditions of a soil test channel. BKT 210/95 R16 Agrimax RT 855 and Özka 7.50-16 8PR KNK 50 were chosen as radial ply and cross ply tires, respectively, and had approximately the same dimensions. The soil in the soil test channel can be characterized as a loamy sand with an average moisture content of 30% and an initial bulk density of 1445.07 kg·m−3. Another monitored parameter was the diagnostics of changes in soil density caused by tire movement in order to assess the degree of soil compaction. From the results of the work, it follows that there is no statistically significant difference between radial ply and cross ply tires in terms of the achieved levels of rolling resistance on the soil. The observed tires also caused intense compaction of the soil in the soil test channel, especially at higher tire pressures and higher vertical loads. The analysis of the results also shows that changes in tire pressure in both tires cause more energy loss and soil compaction than changes in the vertical load.

Multimodal Diagnostics of Changes in Rat Lungs after Vaping.

(1) Background: The use of electronic cigarettes has become widespread in recent years. The use of e-cigarettes leads to milder pathological conditions compared to traditional cigarette smoking. Nevertheless, e-liquid vaping can cause morphological changes in lung tissue, which affects and impairs gas exchange. This work studied the changes in morphological and optical properties of lung tissue under the action of an e-liquid aerosol. To do this, we implemented the "passive smoking" model and created the specified concentration of aerosol of the glycerol/propylene glycol mixture in the chamber with the animal. (2) Methods: In ex vivo studies, the lungs of Wistar rats are placed in the e-liquid for 1 h. For in vivo studies, Wistar rats were exposed to the e-liquid vapor in an aerosol administration chamber. After that, lung tissue samples were examined ex vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and spectrometry with an integrating sphere. Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were estimated for the control and experimental groups. Histological sections were made according to the standard protocol, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. (3) Results: Exposure to e-liquid in ex vivo and aerosol in in vivo studies was found to result in the optical clearing of lung tissue. Histological examination of the lung samples showed areas of emphysematous expansion of the alveoli, thickening of the alveolar septa, and the phenomenon of plasma permeation, which is less pronounced in in vivo studies than for the exposure of e-liquid ex vivo. E-liquid aerosol application allows for an increased resolution and improved imaging of lung tissues using OCT. Spectral studies showed significant differences between the control group and the ex vivo group in the spectral range of water absorption. It can be associated with dehydration of lung tissue owing to the hyperosmotic properties of glycerol and propylene glycol, which are the main components of e-liquids. (4) Conclusions: A decrease in the volume of air in lung tissue and higher packing of its structure under e-liquid vaping causes a better contrast of OCT images compared to intact lung tissue.

Современные подходы к оказанию высокотехнологичной офтальмологической помощи детям с ретинопатией недоношенных в Калужском филиале МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза»

Purpose. To present modern approaches to providing high-tech ophthalmic care to children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Kaluga branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. Methods. For the 2003–2022 period screening for detection of active ROP was carried out in 16 000 premature infants. Various stages of the disease were identified in 4129 premature infants (24.9 %). Premature infants with various stages and forms of active ROP have been subjected to multimodal diagnostics of changes in the vascular system of the eye since 2016. Early laser treatment by pattern laser coagulation of the retina using hexagonal patterns was carried out in 226 children (286 eyes) in 2016–2021. Transpupillary laser coagulation of the retina using navigatied laser system was performed in 16 premature babies (26 eyes) in 2021–2023. Primary vitrectomy for severe stage 3 active ROP with the development of extraretinal retinovitreal neovascularization involving the posterior hyaloid membrane was performed in 9 premature infants (12 eyes) in 2021–2023. Results. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the results of multimodal diagnostics, informative prognostic signs of the type of active ROP were established, according to the data of fluorescein angiography of the fundus, spectral optical coherence tomography in the angio mode, and color duplex scanning. These signs provide an accurate definition of the type of course of the disease – a decisive factor in the choice of tactics for managing patients. The developed technologies of pattern hexagonal and navigatied laser coagulation of the retina provide maximal percentage of disease regression. These technologies create the most favorable conditions for further development of visual functions. Primary vitrectomy in all cases made it possible to achieve stable regression of the pathological process. Conclusion. Modern approaches to the provision of high-tech ophthalmic care for children with ROP, implemented in Kaluga branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, provide high efficiency in the treatment of active ROP with a minimal risk of late complications in the cicatricial period of the disease. Key words: retinopathy of prematurity; multimodal diagnostics; navigated laser coagulation of the retina; primary vitrectomy.

Diagnostics of changes in external factors to ensure the effectiveness of enterprise restructuring

Diagnostics of changes in external factors to ensure the effectiveness of enterprise restructuring

Diagnostics of changes in the dynamics of complex systems from transient processes based on multiresolution wavelet analysis

With the use of multiresolution wavelet analysis, the possibilities of diagnosing changes in the dynamical regimes of complex systems from transient processes depending on the rate of variations of control parameters are studied. Estimates are made of the minimum sample size that allows diagnosing a change in the dynamical regime of systems with self-sustained oscillations on the example of transient processes during the formation or destruction of synchronous chaotic oscillations. Keywords: multiresolution analysis, random process, nonstationarity, wavelet.

Excel-oriented calculator for financial flows stability diagnostics under batch data processing by chebyshev polynomials

Purpose of work. Development of algorithms and software support of EXCEL-oriented methods for arraying of regression equations, using Chebyshev polynomials. Results. The work shows how aggravating geopolitical instability and effect of other pressure factors on the condition of economic systems in numerous countries leads to severe vulnerability of their financial systems. The result is slowing down of world economic growth, accelerated inflation pressure and business uncertainty. Under these circumstances the diagnostics of changes in directions, amounts, rates, regularity of business financial flows becomes quite important. Temporal variation of financial system influential parameters may be presented in the form of regression polynomials. In the present work Chebyshev polynomials were applied for their determination. This method was implemented in software products whose usage is limited by licensing restrictions. Therefore, the development of EXCEL-oriented software product applicable to formulation of regression equations using Chebyshev polynomials may be considered an urgent task. The work specifies calculation algorithms for Chebyshev regression polynomials up to fifth power inclusive, as well as transcribes block diagrams of their implementing algorithms. The determination of data packet, its index and data flows are also described. In order to compare the quality of Chebyshev polynomials in different powers a concept was introduced of relative error chain decilog. The work assumes that any discrepancy between indices of two adjacent flows means violation of process stability. The moment of stability violation corresponds to the highest number in pair of packets. Algorithm block diagram and numerical application example of our proposed method are shown.

Diagnostics of changes in the stress-strain state of the massif after earthquakes by geodetic methods

The results of diagnostics of changes in the stress-strain state of the massif during the earthquake in the region of Katav-Ivanovsk in September 2018 are presented. The data were obtained as a result of a study of regional geodynamics using permanent stations of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) of the Urals. The numerical values of the amplitudes of changes in coordinates, the distribution of displacements and deformations of the rock mass have been determined.

Peculiarities of the University’s Educational Environment Implementation in the Organization of Future Teachers’ Pedagogical Practice

The article addresses contradictions between the existing and predicted tendencies in the organization and content of pedagogical practices. Through the analysis of teacher training programs, the need for student educational practice has also been established, which provides a solution to a wider range of professional tasks. The revealed contradictory nature made it possible to formulate the problem: what can be a trigger for the initiative acquisition by a future teacher of the experience in solving professional problems? Primary attention in solving this problem is paid to the conditions for the manifestation of personal student initiatives: the creation of platforms for dialogue, the provision of a periodic process of transition from practice to theory and vice versa, the use of operators of semiotic diagnostics of changes in students’ personal interests. The article presents the experience of organizing the educational environment, which provides future teachers with a modern range of professional probation. The options for the organization of official student practice are presented, including the development of online classes of educational and leisure activities of schoolchildren. This model contributes to the manifestation of students’ personal initiatives, both within the training profile and in the sphere of interdisciplinary intersections. The authors adduce the results of the questionnaire survey of students after the practice, showing their satisfaction with the chosen profession, a high level of motivation for mastering professional actions. The main methods and directions of organizing practices have been determined. They make it possible to ensure the predicted level of solving professional tasks by graduates.

Ultrasound-Guided Laser Therapy for Rosacea (Clinical Observation)

The article describes a clinical case of high-resolution ultrasound (US) diagnostics of changes in the intensity of blood supply to the dermis of a patient with rosacea at different stages of treatment and early visualization of exacerbation. The presented clinical case demonstrates the possibilities of ultrasound in planning the treatment of rosacea, objective assessment of the results of systemic therapy and laser correction, personalization of the protocol, taking into account the clinical findings and instrumental methods of examination.

Clinic and semiotics of digestive lesions with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

The article presents the results of the analysis of clinical features of gastroenterological manifestations of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the pathogen SARS-CoV-2. Taking into account the stage-by-stage system assessment of the experience of treating 1,180 patients in a multi-specialty hospital transformed into an infectious hospital, the most characteristic clinical manifestations of digestive damage by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus are described. The article focuses on verification of changes in the digestive system, both at the stage of primary examination, and during etiotropic (in combination with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, interferon-alpha drugs), pathogenetic (in combination with corticosteroids, heparin drugs, according to indications - an interleukin-6 inhibitor) and symptomatic (antipyretics, antiemetics and antitussive drugs) therapy, carried out in accordance with Temporary guidelines of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation “Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection Covid-19”. Directions for the development of algorithms for clinical and laboratory, instrumental and radiological diagnostics of changes in the digestive system in patients with COVID-19 are justified.

Numerical simulation of bottom topography transformation taking into account the coastal shore protection structures

The article presents the results of studies and modeling the dynamics of nonlinear processes of sediment transport and the diagnostics of changes in shallow water relief, taking into account underwater structures that are widely used for coastal protection. The study of these processes was carried out on the basis of 2D model of sediment transport and 3D model of wave hydrodynamics, taking into account the geometry of the bottom topography and the function of elevating the level of the aquatic environment. A discrete model of sediment transport is obtained by approximating the corresponding linearized continuous model. Particular attention is paid to the creation of effective software for conducting hydrodynamic computational experiments. The developed software package allows predicting the dynamics of bottom surface behavior, the appearance of marine braids and ridges, their growth and transformation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics of Changes in the Articular Cartilage of the Knee Joint in Football Players

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics of Changes in the Articular Cartilage of the Knee Joint in Football Players

Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues

Since recently, a number of innovative polarization-based optical imaging modalities have been introduced and extensively used in various biomedical applications, with an ultimate aim to attain the practical tool for the optical biopsy and functional characterization of biological tissues. The techniques utilize polarization properties of light and Mueller matrix mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues or polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The main drawback of currently developed laser polarimetry approaches and Mueller matrix mapping techniques is poor reproducibility of experimental data. This is due to azimuthal dependence of polarization and ellipticity values of most matrix elements to sample orientation in respect to incidence light polarization. Current study aims to generalize the methods of laser polarimetry for diagnosis of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues. A method of differential Mueller matrix mapping for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameter distributions of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structure is introduced and practically implemented. The coordinate distributions of the value of the first-order differential matrix elements of histological sections of brain tissue with spatially structured, optically anisotropic fibrillar network, as well as of parenchymatous tissue of the rectum wall with an “islet” polycrystalline structure are determined. Within the statistical analysis of polarization reproduced distributions of the averaged parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy, the significant sensitivity of the statistical moments of the third and fourth orders to changes in the polycrystalline structure of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissue is observed. The differentiation of female reproductive sphere connective tissue is realized with excellent accuracy. The differential Mueller matrix mapping method for reconstruction of distributions of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameters of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structures is proposed and substantiated. Differential diagnostics of changes in the phase (good balanced accuracy) and amplitude (excellent balanced accuracy) of the anisotropy of the partially depolarizing layers of the vagina wall tissue with prolapse of the genitals is realized. The maximum diagnostic efficiency of the first-order differential matrix method was demonstrated in comparison with the traditional methods of polarization and Mueller matrix mapping of histological sections of light-scattering biological tissues.

Принципи Мюллер-матричної діагностики змін двопроменезаломлення полікристалітних мереж плівок біологічних рідин

Принципи Мюллер-матричної діагностики змін двопроменезаломлення полікристалітних мереж плівок біологічних рідин

Development of an NMR Relaxometer for Determining Magnetization Dynamics of Water Protons in Living Tissues and Its Use for Evaluating Age-Related Changes

A desktop NMR relaxometer was created, which allows determining spin–spin relaxation times of water protons in living tissues. Spin relaxation times of protons of water reflect changes in the mean number of paramagnetic centers, since the presence of these centers increases the magnetization recovery rate of water protons in living tissues tens of times. In particular, this method allowed observing age-related changes (sarcopenia) related to substitution of connective tissue for muscle fibers. Relaxometers of this type are comfortable to use and are promising devices for analysis and diagnostics of changes and disorders of metabolic processes.

Forensic diagnostics of the kind of a sharp traumatic object in expert practice

The scientific work is a fragment of the scientific-research study conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law “Expert Diagnostics of Changes of Biological Tissues and Human Media by Morphological and Laboratory Indices to Solve Topical Issues of Forensic Science and Practice” (state registration number 0118U001191). Summary. The survey article deals with explaining the existing methods and searching new perspective ones concerning forensic diagnostics of the kind of a sharp traumatic object. A considerable increase of lethal cases caused by trauma and crimes most frequently committed with the use of different kinds of sharp objects is stated to occur nowadays in Ukraine and the whole world. In general structure of fatal injuries traumas caused by sharp objects are second after blunt injuries. At the same time, in all the cases of expertise of bodily injuries caused by different kinds of sharp traumatic objects and tools a question arises concerning accurate visualization of bodily injuries and their identification. Therefore, from year to year an important value in forensic practice is given to spatial, integral visualization of morphological structures in the area of injury and certain separate elements of a traumatic object. It will provide more accurate, visible, effective and reliable identification of a sharp tool or object provoking injury. In different times specialists in forensic science demonstrated variable approaches to solution of the above mentioned tasks. Identification studies dealing with determination of a tool in case of traumas made by sharp objects, first of all piercing-cutting ones, are conducted in the direction of investigation of morphological changes in case of damage of the skin and internal organs, morphometric parameters of wound canals, assessment of a blade lip effect on morphology of piercing-cutting injury, identification of an individual who committed a crime, detection of trasological properties of a traumatic means, and modeling circumstances of events, etc. In recent decades, in the epoch of an advanced development of scientific-technical progress, modern researchers introduce actively up-to-date medical technologies into medical science. The methods of 3D-modeling and 3D-reconstruction take a leading place among them. Implementation of 3D technologies into forensic practice enables to reduce error probability to minimum. Meanwhile, the majority of 3D-scanners are expensive and mostly directed to solve more specific forensic tasks, scanning only small or, on the contrary, only large objects in particular. From the practical point of view an important value in establishing the mechanisms of injuries in case of trauma and identification of a traumatic object belongs to modern methods of designing three dimensional objects on the basis of digital photogrammetry followed by further computer processing and 3D-printing of volumetric models, since it enables to register poorly seen morphological signs of injuries and find them. At the same time, the analysis of domestic and foreign literature is indicative of the fact that the issues of forensic diagnostics concerning the kind of a sharp traumatic object by means of three dimensional spatial reconstruction of morphological elements of the soft tissues injuries and wound canal on the body of a victim remain unsolved.

Methods and means of asymutal-invariant muller matrix polyarimetry of optical and anisotropic biological layers

Objectives: The work is aimed at the theoretical substantiation and experimental development of the azimuthally invariant polarimetry method of partially depolarizing optical anisotropic biological layers on the basis of coordinate Muller-matrix mapping of histological sections for differential diagnostics of changes in optical anisotropy, which are associated with the emergence of pathological states. Results: The method of azimuthally invariant Muller-matrix mapping of optically anisotropic samples of the myocardium is proposed and grounded. The values of azimuthally invariant matrix element, superposition of matrix elements and the magnitude of the matrix vector distributions are obtained. Conclusion: The magnitude of the 1st-4th order statistical moments’ dependences, which characterize the distribution of the Muller-matrix invariant (MMI) of the histological sections of the myocardium are determined. The study of the possibility of differentiating causes of death due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute coronary insufficiency (ACI) conducted from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine.

Разработка ЯМР-релаксометра для определения динамики намагниченности протонов воды живых тканей и его использование для оценки возрастных изменений

AbstractA desktop NMR relaxometer was created, which allows determining spin–spin relaxation times of water protons in living tissues. Spin relaxation times of protons of water reflect changes in the mean number of paramagnetic centers, since the presence of these centers increases the magnetization recovery rate of water protons in living tissues tens of times. In particular, this method allowed observing age-related changes (sarcopenia) related to substitution of connective tissue for muscle fibers. Relaxometers of this type are comfortable to use and are promising devices for analysis and diagnostics of changes and disorders of metabolic processes.

Computed tomography diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.

The article presents data on modern approaches to the diagnosis of various manifestations of hyperparathyroidism according to multispiral computed tomography, which do not require morphological verification and ensure the correctness of the diagnostic process. The radiological picture and differential diagnostics of changes from parathyroid glands and bone structures at hyperparathyroidism are described in detail.

Influence of Ionic Bombardment on the Processes of Nitriding During Complex Modification of Steel Surface

Ionic bombardment of the surfaces modified with the use of vacuum-arc technologies is a basic physical process for such modifications. Experiments were produced on plant of type "Bulat". In-process on nitriding of surfaces massive steel details (item of 25Х1МФ and 40Х) was investigated features of using of bombardment particles with different energy content. As bombarding particles ions of titan and molybdenum was use. This stage of ionic bombardment is related to cleaning of surface and heating of it to the necessary temperature. On the step of nitriding bombardment was carried out by the ions of nitrogen, generated in a two-stage discharge. For diagnostics of changes on the surface of standards and in the distance from it deep into metal, used X-ray fluorescence mass-analysis and produced measuring of hardness by means of device of Nanoindentor G200. The comparative measuring of relative concentrations of elements is executed in composition a surface became after bombardments different ions (Ti or Мо), and also the profiles of bedding of the implanted nitrogen and modified hardness in a metal are got. Features are educed in the results of nitriding of steel surface by the use of different sorts of ions. The photos of the transversal microsections got by means of optical metallography microscope of ММО 1600 showed differences in structural characteristics of the nearsurface layers by using the bombardments ions of titan and molybdenum. These differences are related to the high temperature in layers during bombardment the ions of molybdenum. The purpose of this work is conduction comparative experiments on the treatment of steel surfaces with accelerated ions of various metals with the subsequent analysis of the influence of such effects on the nitriding processes on these surfaces.