Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer Research Articles

Relationship of step section and accuracy of pathologic diagnosis of thyroid cancers

Objective: This case history shows the significance of the step section to be performed on any extra thyroidal neck mass containing thyroid tissue. The material for pathologic diagnosis was a neck mass removed from the left tracheoesophageal groove in a 43-year-old lady whose right hemithyroidectomy was performed by the authors fourteen years ago (Mrs.D.).Her previous pathologic report was follicular adenoma. The report on her new pathologic specimen was" benign thyroid tissue." However, this report did not match her previous medical history, and we requested a step section (extensive levelling) to be performed on the specimen. Her final pathologic diagnosis was "near-total replacement of a lymph node by well- differentiated thyroid carcinoma." She underwent a total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, followed by our nuclear medicine team for seven years.

Application of TI-RADS and BETHESDA classification in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Calcitonin washout in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer

Calcitonin washout in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer

COVID-19 outbreak and de-escalation of thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment

COVID-19 outbreak and de-escalation of thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment

Thyroid Cancer and COVID-19: Prospects for Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Development.

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy and the reported incidence of thyroid cancer has continued to increase in recent years. Since 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide in a global pandemic. COVID-19 aggravates primary illnesses and affects disease management; relevant changes include delayed diagnosis and treatment. The thyroid is an endocrine organ that is susceptible to autoimmune attack; thus, thyroid cancer after COVID-19 has gradually attracted attention. Whether COVID-19 affects the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer has also attracted the attention of many researchers. This review examines the literature regarding the influence of COVID-19 on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer; it also focuses on drug therapies to promote research into strategies for improving therapy and management in thyroid cancer patients with COVID-19.

Transforming Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Staging Information from Unstructured Reports to the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model.

Background Cancer staging information is an essential component of cancer research. However, the information is primarily stored as either a full or semistructured free-text clinical document which is limiting the data use. By transforming the cancer-specific data to the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM), the information can contribute to establish multicenter observational cancer studies. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on OMOP CDM transformation and natural language processing (NLP) for thyroid cancer to date. Objective We aimed to demonstrate the applicability of the OMOP CDM oncology extension module for thyroid cancer diagnosis and cancer stage information by processing free-text medical reports. Methods Thyroid cancer diagnosis and stage-related modifiers were extracted with rule-based NLP from 63,795 thyroid cancer pathology reports and 56,239 Iodine whole-body scan reports from three medical institutions in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics data network. The data were converted into the OMOP CDM v6.0 according to the OMOP CDM oncology extension module. The cancer staging group was derived and populated using the transformed CDM data. Results The extracted thyroid cancer data were completely converted into the OMOP CDM. The distributions of histopathological types of thyroid cancer were approximately 95.3 to 98.8% of papillary carcinoma, 0.9 to 3.7% of follicular carcinoma, 0.04 to 0.54% of adenocarcinoma, 0.17 to 0.81% of medullary carcinoma, and 0 to 0.3% of anaplastic carcinoma. Regarding cancer staging, stage-I thyroid cancer accounted for 55 to 64% of the cases, while stage III accounted for 24 to 26% of the cases. Stage-II and -IV thyroid cancers were detected at a low rate of 2 to 6%. Conclusion As a first study on OMOP CDM transformation and NLP for thyroid cancer, this study will help other institutions to standardize thyroid cancer–specific data for retrospective observational research and participate in multicenter studies.

Abstract #1175214: Fleas and Ticks: A Case of Simultaneous Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Systemic Mastocytosis

Systemic mastocytosis is a clonal expansion of mast cells associated with an increased risk of solid malignancies. There is no known association with systemic mastocytosis and thyroid cancer. Herein, we report a young woman presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy and lytic bone lesions who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and systemic mastocytosis simultaneously.

Hemithyroidectomy and ipsilateral central neck dissection for T1 low-risk papillary thyroid cancer: single-institution retrospective observational study.

The aim of this study was to report the rationale and selection criteria for hemithyroidectomy and ipsilateral central neck dissection in patients with selected papillary thyroid cancer and to report the surgical and oncological outcomes. Single-institution retrospective observational study. The clinical records of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of low-risk pT1 papillary thyroid cancer who underwent hemithyroidectomy with or without ipsilateral central neck dissection between March 2000 and April 2018 at a tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were collected. During the study period, 176 patients underwent hemithyroidectomy for PTC. Thirteen patients (13/176, 7.39%) were lost to follow-up and 74 patients (74/163 45.40%) underwent completion thyroidectomy within 1 month because they were classified intermediate ATA initial risk based on definitive pathology. The final study group was composed of 89 patients, who had a median follow-up of 5.3 years. The mean follow-up was 6.3 years (range: 36-207 months). Eighty-four patients (94.38%) did not experience recurrence in the follow-up period. A total of 5/89 patients (5.62%) underwent delayed completion thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection for recurrent malignancy in the residual lobe (3/5) or regional lymph nodes (2/5). The median time from surgery to recurrence was 24.8 months (range: 6-60). The follicular variant was an independent risk factor for recurrence. Hemithyroidectomy with or without prophylactic ipsilateral central neck dissection is a valuable treatment option in selected low-risk papillary thyroid cancers and ensures a low risk of recurrence. Prophylactic ipsilateral central compartment dissection could have a role in improving cancer staging, and accurate ultrasonographic follow-up is essential to identify local recurrence.

Statistical and general data on thyroid carcinoma associated with autoimmune thyroiditis in the Republic of Moldova

Introduction. Early diagnosis of thyroid cancer is difficult because the neoplasm coexists or develops against the background of thyroid nodulo-inflammatory pathologies, which have a slow evolution. The association of thyroid carcinoma with autoimmune thyroiditis remains debatable. In the literature, this combination is noted on average from 1% to 75% of cases. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the number of cancers of the thyroid gland against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis. The epidemiological features and morbidity of thyroid cancer associated with lymphocytic (autoimmune) thyroiditis in the Republic of Moldova are not fully elucidated. Material and methods. This work was performed within the Institute of Oncology of the Republic of Moldova. This study was prospective-selective. The research was conducted during the years 2017-2020 with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the „Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, (minutes №76 from 14.11.2016). The study involved 234 patients admitted to the scientific laboratory tumors of the head and neck region. Patients included in the study met the inclusion criteria (patient consent with informed consent, age, patients with thyroid cancer developed on a healthy background and on the background of autoimmune thyroiditis). Results. The distribution of patients according to age indicates an identical percentage distribution for the cases included in the CT (thyroid carcinoma) + TA (autoimmune thyroiditis) group in both groups, where patients up to 55 years of age predominate, which constitute group 1 (52,7%) and group 2 (50,9%). In the CT + FS (healthy background) group, patients up to 55 years of age constitute the majority (68,9%), similar to the CT + TA group. In the CT + TA group, women with a female / male ratio of 27/1 predominated, and in the CT + FS group, the genre ratio (F / M) was 4/1. From the rural area, 44,7% of patients came, respectively from the urban area 55,2% of cases, similar figures for both groups. Evaluating the development region, a predominance of patients living in the central and southern region of the Republic of Moldova was found. Conclusions. Thyroid carcinoma associated with autoimmune thyroiditis is on the rise in the Republic of Moldova. This nosology mainly affects young people up to the age of 55 and predominates in females. According to the distribution of patients according to the environment southern Republic of Moldova. According to the distribution of patients by blood group we notice a predominance of blood group „O”.

Usefulness of ultrasound-guided core biopsy in thyroid nodules with inconclusive fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings

ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic performance of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in thyroid nodules after two inconclusive fine-needle aspiration biopsies. To assess the complications of core-needle biopsy. To analyze the reliability of diagnoses obtained with core-needle biopsy. To measure the economic impact of avoiding lobectomies in patients with benign core-needle biopsy findings. Material and methodsThis retrospective study reviewed 195 core-needle biopsies in 178 patients. To determine the reliability of the core-needle biopsy findings, we compared the diagnosis from the core-needle specimen versus the histologic findings in the surgical specimens when core-needle biopsy findings indicated malignancy or follicular proliferation and versus the stability of the nodule on ultrasound follow-up for one year when core-biopsy findings indicated benignity. ResultsCore-needle biopsy yielded a diagnosis for 179 (91.7%) nodules, of which 122 (62.5%) were classified as benign, 50 (25.6%) as follicular proliferation, and 7 (3.6%) as malignant. The findings were inconclusive for 16 (8.3%) nodules. Minor complications were observed in 4 (2%) patients; no major complications were observed. The sensitivity of core-needle biopsy for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was low (42.8%) because the technique was unable to detect capsular or vascular invasion, although the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were 100%. However, when we considered histologic findings of malignancy and follicular proliferation positive because both require surgical resection, the sensitivity increased to 97.5% and the PPV decreased to 83.3%. There were 79 nodules with ultrasound follow-up for at least one year; 76 (96.2%) had negative core-needle biopsy findings, and 74 (97.3%) of these remained stable. The negative predictive value (NPV) for malignancy of the benign nodules was 98.6%, although no malignant transformation was observed. Nevertheless, the results of the statistical analysis do not allow us to recommend forgoing ultrasound follow-up in patients with benign core-biopsy findings. The cost savings of avoiding lobectomy in patients with benign nodules and stability of the nodule on ultrasound follow-up for at least one year was about 90%. ConclusionsCore-needle biopsy of thyroid nodules is effective because it diagnoses more than 90% of nodules with inconclusive findings after fine-needle aspiration biopsy. It is safe if done by experienced professionals. It is reliable because it yields 100% specificity and 100% PPV for malignant nodule, 97.5% sensitivity for the detection of nodules that require surgery, and 98.6% NPV for benign nodules. It is efficient because it reduces the costs of diagnosis compared to lobectomy in benign nodules.

Application Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography Combined with Thyroid Autoantibody Tests in Early Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer.

Objective To explore the application value of color Doppler ultrasonography combined with thyroid autoantibody tests in the early diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methods The medical data of 100 patients with thyroid nodules treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed; all patients received color Doppler ultrasonography and thyroid autoantibody tests before surgery and were divided into the benign lesion group (n = 45) and the malignant lesion group (n = 55) according to the postoperative pathological findings (the gold standard), so as to compare and analyze the application value of color Doppler ultrasonography, thyroid autoantibody tests, and their combination in the early diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Results Compared with the pathological findings, the accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the combined diagnosis were significantly higher than those in the single diagnosis of color Doppler ultrasonography, TgAb test, TPOAb test, and TRAb test (P < 0.05), and by plotting the ROC curves to analyze the effect of these modalities in diagnosing early thyroid diseases, the results showed that the areas under the curve from large to small were combined diagnosis, color Doppler ultrasonography, TgAb test, TPOAb test, and TRAb test. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography has many advantages in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, such as easy operation, painlessness, noninvasiveness, high efficiency, and repeatable detection, and the high-definition probe is able to show tiny lesions, echogenicity, blood flow signal, and other characteristics of foci. Combining color Doppler ultrasonography with testing thyroid autoantibodies such as TgAb, TPOAb, and TRAb can effectively improve the detection rate of early thyroid cancer, presenting significant reference value and meaning to clinical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.

Breast Cancer in Thyroid Cancer Patients, can One lead to Another?

Aims: To demonstrate the increased risk of developing a second primary thyroid or breast cancer in patients with prior breast or thyroid cancer and to study the clinicopathological characteristic of breast cancer (B2) as a secondary malignancy following a diagnosis of thyroid cancer (T1) or thyroid cancer (T2) following a diagnosis of breast cancer (B1) to find a common aetiology.&#x0D; Study Design: Retrospective cohort study&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Breast &amp; Endocrine Surgery Unit, Surgery Department Hospital Putrajaya between January 2008 and December 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: Data of patients with breast cancer as first primary malignancy and thyroid cancers as second primary malignancy, and vice versa, between January 2008 to December 2018 was extracted using electronic search through the hospital information system database and compared for their tumor’s histological type, size, hormonal status (ER/PR), presence of locoregional lymph node and distant metastasis. We also examine any history of radiotherapy for first primary breast cancer patients and history of radioactive iodine ablation for first primary thyroid cancer.&#x0D; Results: 1.1% (n:4) of T1 develops B2 while 0.5% (n:8) of B1 develops T2 but we are unable to demonstrate a significant correlation between hormonal status of the tumour, radioiodine ablation or radiation therapy and the risk of developing second primary malignancy.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is an increased risk of thyroid cancer as a secondary malignancy following breast cancer and an increased risk of breast cancer as a secondary malignancy following thyroid cancer. No common aetiology can be demonstrated from this study.

Clinical experience following implementation of routine SPECT-CT imaging following 131-iodine administration for thyroid cancer.

BackgroundPlanar scintigraphy has long been indicated in patients receiving I-131 therapy for thyroid cancer to determine the anatomic location of metastases. We studied our experience upon implementing additional single-photon emission (SPECT)-CT scanning in these patients.MethodWe performed a retrospective study of consecutive adult patients with newly diagnosed thyroid cancer treated with I-131 between 2011 and 2017. Radiologic findings detected with planar scintigraphy alone vs those identified with SPECT-CT scanning were primary endpoints.ResultIn this study, 212 consecutive patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed in two separate cohorts (107 planar scintigraphy alone and 105 planar scintigraphy with SPECT-CT). The addition of SPECT-CT resulted in more findings, both thyroid-related and incidental. However, we identified only 3 of 21 cases in which SPECT-CT provided an unequivocal additional benefit by changing clinical management beyond planar scintigraphy alone. No difference in the detection of distant metastatic disease or outcome was identified between cohorts.ConclusionSynergistic SPECT-CT imaging in addition to planar nuclear scintigraphy adds limited clinical value to thyroid cancer patients harboring a low risk of distant metastases, while frequently identifying clinically insignificant findings. These data from a typical cohort of patients receiving standard thyroid cancer care provide insight into the routine use of SPECT-CT in such patients.

A case of successful treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula using laser exposure

The study objective – to present a unique clinical observation of the successful treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula using laser exposure.Case report. Patient H., 51 years old, applied to the Moscow City Oncology Hospital No 62, Moscow Healthсare Department on January 22, 2018, with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer (multicentric growth), T3N0M0 (hospital No. 1974 / 43). Thyroidectomy was performed on 03.08.2009, removal of a recurrent tumor with resection of the esophageal wall and trachea – 03.02.2021. Histological examination No. 5589 / 56662–56668 dated 09.02.2021: papillary cancer with invasion of the wall of the esophagus and trachea. Resection within unaltered tissues. A mobilized sternocleidomastoid muscle was used to separate the esophagus and trachea. A nasogastric tube was used for 14 days. The wound on the neck healed by primary intention. The patient began to eat through the mouth. A day after the removal of the probe, facial emphysema began to grow intensively, which was accompanied by a cough. The nasogastric tube is reinserted. With fluoroscopy of the esophagus and with pharyngogastroduodenoscopy, a tracheoesophageal fistula was revealed along the right lateral wall of the trachea, about 0.5 cm in size, 1.5–2 cm below the level of the vocal folds. On endoscopic examination a week later, the fistula was already 1.0 cm in size. Conservative therapy and surgical treatment were carried out. Due to the flexible laser fiber, a phased effect on the fistula wall was carried out, both from the esophagus and from the trachea. Within a week after the first session, the fistulous opening decreased by 2 times. Then 2 more sessions were carried out with an interval of 10 days. During endoscopic examination from 05.05.2021 the fistula between the trachea and the esophagus is not defined. The mucous membrane is epithelized, smooth. Swallowing is free.Conclusion. Thus, the problem of treating patients with tracheoesophageal fistulas is extremely complex and versatile. The localization of the fistula, its size, and the clinic’s capabilities for treating a patient are of great importance.

Benefits of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography to the Differential Diagnosis of TI-RADS 4-5 Thyroid Nodules.

Objective The early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer are of great significance to the prognosis for patients. This study was aimed at exploring the benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules classified as TI-RADS class 4 or 5. Method A total of 46 patients with TI-RADS 4-5 thyroid nodules admitted in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected to study. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of conventional ultrasonography (US) and conventional ultrasonography combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US + CEUS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were compared by referring to the results of the surgical pathology report, which is seen as the “gold standard” for diagnosis, followed by the construction of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). Result Among 57 thyroid nodules, there were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant thyroid nodules in terms of echogenicity, margin characteristics, aspect ratio, and calcification (P < 0.01). In the case of CEUS, there was no statistically significant difference among contrast agent perfusion patterns in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules (P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences among different enhancement degrees, enhanced borders, and enhancement patterns. By comparing the CEUS results of TI-RADS 4-5 thyroid nodules with the results of pathology report, the malignancy rate was found to pathology report results, the malignancy rate was 53.85% in TI-RADS class 4 thyroid nodules and 100.00% in TI-RADS class 5 thyroid nodules. Among thyroid nodules diagnosed using US, 6 benign nodules were misdiagnosed as malignant and 7 malignant nodules were misdiagnosed as benign. Among those diagnosed using US + CEUS, 2 benign nodules were misdiagnosed as malignant and 2 malignant nodules were misdiagnosed as benign. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of UN + CEUS significantly outperformed those of UN alone in diagnosing thyroid nodules (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) derived from US + CEUS was 0.849, while the AUC from US was only 0.726. Conclusion Using US + CEUS to diagnose thyroid nodules classified as TI-RADS category 4 or 5 can further improve distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules. The CEUS is of important value to clinical applications as it can provide effective supplementary information and quantitative analysis for the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Pre-existing Thyroid Autoimmunity and Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study of US Active-Duty Personnel.

Thyroid autoimmunity has been associated with differentiated thyroid cancer although multiple potential biases might have influenced the results of previous studies. We conducted a case-control study nested within the cohort of US active-duty personnel 1996-2014 to assess the association between thyroid autoimmunity, defined by serology, and thyroid cancer diagnosis. The primary exposure was thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody status 7-10 years before the thyroid cancer index date. We also assessed whether diagnosis of thyroid autoimmunity mediated any associations identified and if thyroid cancer features differed by autoimmunity status. Among 451 incident cases of papillary thyroid cancer and matched controls (median age 36 years, 61.4% men), TPO antibody positivity (v negative) 7-10 years prediagnosis was associated with thyroid cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.90 [95% CI, 1.33 to 2.70]). Exploratory analyses suggested an increasing risk of thyroid cancer with higher TPO antibody titer (TPO antibody 550-1,399 IU/mL: OR 2.95 [95% CI, 1.37 to 6.36]; and ≥ 1,400 IU/mL: OR 3.91 [95% CI, 1.66 to 9.24]). Positive TPO antibody status remained associated with thyroid cancer after those with diagnosed autoimmunity were excluded, and the association was not mediated by diagnosis of thyroid autoimmunity. Among the cases with diagnosed autoimmunity, 58% thyroid cancers were ≤ 10 mm diameter. Longstanding prior thyroid autoimmunity up to 10 years before thyroid cancer diagnosis was associated with papillary thyroid cancer risk. The results could not be fully explained by diagnosis of thyroid autoimmunity although when autoimmunity had been identified, thyroid cancers were diagnosed at a very early stage.

Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid Detection of Cyfra 21-1 in Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine tumor, and the rate of early lymph node metastasis may be as high as 60%. Currently, detection of lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer during surgery is limited and time-consuming. Elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1, the proteolytic portion of cytokeratin, are associated with the metastasis and progression of thyroid cancer and are an effective biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. In this study, an immunochromatographic strip test based on colloidal gold nanoparticles was developed to semi-quantitatively detect the levels of Cyfra 21-1 in lymph nodes within 15 min. The standard (calibration) curve equation was Y = 0.003708 × X + 0.1101, and the detection limit was 0.55–1.14 ng mL−1. The strip did not detect other protein markers of epithelial cells at a concentration of 500 ng mL−1, including cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18, epithelial membrane antigen, and epidermal surface antigen. The ability of the strip to differentiate positive from negative metastasis in 40 lymph node specimens was 100% concordant with that of immunohistochemical staining for Cyfra 21-1. In an assessment of 20 lymph node specimens that had been determined by postoperative histopathology to be positive for lymph node metastasis and 20 specimens that were negative, the sensitivity and specificity of the strip were 100% and 95%, respectively. The sensitivity of the strip remained stable when stored at room temperature for 6 months. Together, these results indicated that although further testing using a larger sample size will be required, this immunochromatographic strip test may be useful for rapid intraoperative detection of thyroid cancer metastasis to lymph nodes.

Exploring noncoding RNAs in thyroid cancer using a graph convolutional network approach

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators in initiating and promoting thyroid cancer. Exploring the relationship between ncRNAs and thyroid cancer is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. Wet-lab experiments are costly and are difficult to conduct on a large scale. Although there are several ncRNA and cancer-related databases, there are few data related to thyroid cancer. There is a lack of computational approaches for predicting ncRNA-thyroid cancer associations. This work describes TCGCN, a linear residual graph convolution network to predict ncRNA-thyroid cancer associations. We collected a large amount of ncRNA-disease association data and constructed a bipartite graph. We use a simple linear embedding propagation at each convolutional layer and use the weighted sum of the embeddings on all graph convolutional layers to make the final prediction. In 5-fold cross-validation on the ncRNA-thyroid cancer dataset, TCGCN obtained significantly better performances with an AUC of 0.8162 and an AUPR of 0.8049, which are considerably better than those of other state-of-the-art approaches. We also demonstrate the usability of our method in the case studies.

A diagnostic and predictive lncRNA lnc-MPEG1-1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer cells by occupying miR-766-5p

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as important biological regulators in human cancers. The purpose of this study was to identify promising biomarkers for improved diagnosis and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We analyzed the lncRNA expression profile of PTC patients and identified five upregulated and three downregulated lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for PTC in our cohorts, which were confirmed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Several lncRNAs have been linked with lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with PTC. A nomogram combining two lncRNAs, lnc-MPEG1-1:1 and lnc-ABCA12-5:2, with age, T stage, histological type, and predicted LN metastasis was developed. The area under the curve of the developed nomogram was 0.77 (0.73–0.81) in the TCGA training cohort and 0.88 (0.79–0.96) in our validation cohort. In particular, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of lnc-MPEG1-1:1 in PTC cell lines promoted the proliferation and migration of PTC. lnc-MPEG1-1:1 is overexpressed in the cytoplasm of PTC cells and functionally promotes cellular proliferation and migration and functions as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by competitively occupying the shared binding sequences of miR-766-5p. lnc-MPEG1-1:1 knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition by miR-766-5p in PTC cells. Collectively, these results revealed a lnc-MPEG1-1:1/miR-766-5p pathway for thyroid cancer progression and suggest that a nomogram effectively predicted the LN metastasis in PTC.

Clinical Application Value of High-Frequency Ultrasound Combined with Detection of Serum High Mobility Group Box 1, Soluble IL-2 Receptor, and Thyroglobulin Antibody in Diagnosing Thyroid Cancer.

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the clinical application value of high-frequency ultrasound combined with detection of serum high mobility group box (HMGB-1), soluble IL-2 receptor (SIL-2R), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) in diagnosing thyroid cancer. Methods By means of retrospective study, 50 thyroid cancer patients treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the thyroid cancer group, 50 patients with benign thyroid lesions were included in the benign lesion group, and 50 healthy individuals examined in our hospital in the same period were included in the control group. All study objects received high-frequency ultrasound examination, and at the same time, their serum HMGB-1, SIL-2R, and TgAb levels were measured. After that, the results of high-frequency ultrasound examination were analyzed, the diagnostic efficacy of different diagnosis methods was explored, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted. Results According to the results of high-frequency ultrasound examination, there were significant differences in echogenicity surrounding and inside the lesion, calcification, blood flow distribution, and blood flow parameters between the thyroid cancer group and the benign lesion group (P < 0.001); the HMGB-1, SIL-2R, and TgAb levels were statistically different among the three groups (P < 0.001), and the level values of HMGB-1, SIL-2R, and TgAb of the thyroid cancer group were, respectively, (12.26 ± 1.32) ng/ml, (108.65 ± 9.75) pmol/L, and (690.65 ± 34.47) IU/mL; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of high-frequency ultrasound combined with detection of serum HMGB-1, SIL-2R, and TgAb were, respectively, 98.0%, 95.0%, 90.7%, and 99.0%, and AUC (95%CI) = 0.965 (0.931–0.999). Conclusion High-frequency ultrasound combined with detection of serum HMGB-1, SIL-2R, and TgAb has a good value in diagnosing thyroid cancer, which should be promoted in practice.